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Influence of increased carbon dioxide concentration on grain protein composition in early and late wheat variety
Smrčková, Kamila ; Vítová, Eva (referee) ; Hrstka, Miroslav (advisor)
This bachelor thesis deals with the effect of increased CO2 concentration (700 ppm) on the content and composition of wheat grain proteins in early (Avenue) and late (Tobak) wheat varieties. Three methods were used to determine the proteins in wheat grain: the Kjeldahl determination of crude protein content, the determination of wet gluten, and finally the gravimetric determination of gliadins and glutenins after extraction. A different response of the varieties to the increased CO2 concentration was found. The early Avenue variety was much more sensitive to the effects of increased CO2 concentrations. The gliadin content decreased, while the glutenin content increased with increasing CO2 concentration. The total gluten protein content increased in elevated CO2 concentration, independently of nitrogen fertilization. Its content correlates in our work with the content of wet gluten.
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Impact of nitrogen fertilization and drought on gliadins content in winter wheat
Odstrčilová, Eva ; Obruča, Stanislav (referee) ; Hrstka, Miroslav (advisor)
In this diploma thesis the impacts of both nitrogen fertilization and drought on the content of proteins of the gliadin fraction in case of a winter wheat variety Tiguan were observed. Selected samples were cultivated at two locations in a total duration of two years. Two different conditions were selected: one without the nitrogen fertilization (0 kg N/ ha) and the other with the nitrogen fertilization in 140 kg N/ ha concentration. Second observed factor was the drought which was ensured by roofs above the crops and their cultivation in common climatic environment. Gliadin fraction was separated by the A-PAGE method and the protein quantification carried out by a computer densitometry. Such nitrogen fertilization caused a significant increase of gliadins, especially -1,2 and -5 fractions. Stress induced by the drought caused an increase of gliadin content compared to the control sample, particularly in case of - and - fractions. The most important factor influencing the gliadin content in grains was therefore the nitrogen fertilization in a dry environment. The observed increase of gliadin content was lower in case of the sample which was fertilized in a humid environment than in case of the sample which was fertilized in the dry one.
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Influence of elevated carbon dioxide concentration on the quality of wheat flour
Zítková, Jana ; Vránová, Dana (referee) ; Hrstka, Miroslav (advisor)
This work treats of influence of carbon dioxide increased concentration on wheat yield and quality of wheat grains and flour. It focuses above all on total content nitrogenous substances in flour, content of proteins, gluten and bake charackteristics. Generally, increased carbon dioxide concentrations cause an increase of wheat yield and decrease of total content of nitrogenous substances. Gluten content is lower and that is why the bake properties are worse too.
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Efekt snížení dávky dusíku při použití hnojiv s inhibitory
Brabcová, Jana
This work was focused on the use of nitrogen fertilizers with inhibitors in full and reduced doses, which was supposed to simulate the achievement of one of the objectives of the Green Deal. The experiment took the form of a one-year small-plot experiment with winter wheat in Žabčice near Brno. The following variants were included in the experiment: 1. mixture of urea + ammonium sulfate (control), 2. Alzon neo-N (urea containing urease and nitrification inhibitor), 3. mixture of Alzon neo-N and Lovogran IN (ammonium sulfate with nitrification inhibitor) and 4. a mixture of Alzon neo-N and Lovogran IN in a reduced dose of 20%. Winter wheat (Triticum aestivum) was chosen as the test crop, for which the yields and quality parameters of the grain were monitored (bulk weight, nitrogen content, gluten content and Zeleny test value). The mineral nitrogen content in the soil was also monitored. The addition of inhibitors did not have a statistically significant effect on yield and grain quality. A statistically significant decrease in values occurred only in the variant with a reduced dose of fertilizer compared to the non-reduced variant, namely in the content of N-substances, gluten content and the value of the Zeleny test (sedimentation value). When comparing the variant with a reduced dose of nitrogen to the standard by fertilizing without inhibitors, no significant differences were found. Fertilizers with inhibitors can therefore ensure an unreduced yield of adequate quality even when a reduced dose of fertilizer is used. The results of the Nmin analysis proved the effectiveness of the inhibitors on the mineral nitrogen content in the soil, especially the influence of the urease inhibitors. The variant with a higher content of urease inhibitor (variant 2) showed a lower amount of ammonium nitrogen and at the same time a lower amount of total Nmin compared to the variants in the mixture in full and reduced dose (variants 3 and 4).
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Vliv formy a termínu aplikace dusíkato-sirného hnojiva na výnos a kvalitu ozimé pšenice
Kala, Petr
This thesis deals with the fertilization of nitrogen-sulphur fertilizers in different forms and terms of application and assesses their effect on the yield and quality of winter wheat grain. To find out the results was carried out a small-plot field experiment in Žabčice and Vatín. In the experiment were used these nitrogen-sulphur fertilizer: DASA, MAGNISUL and DASAMAG. Mentioned fertilizers were rotate as part of regenerative and the first production fertilizing with LAD. The LAD fertilizer was used for the control variant. In the second production fertilizing was used DAM-390 in all variants. The results of the field experiment were statically conclusive in all the evaluated criteria only in the comparison of the location. Statistical conclusive was not detected in the investigated factor “Variant of fertilization”. These results were significantly affected by the unfavorable course of the weather in the 2017/2018 growing season.
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Sladovnická kvalita zrna ječmene po mimokořenové aplikaci pomocných látek a listových hnojiv
Heža, Jakub
This diploma thesis focuses on the malting quality of spring barley grain after extra-root application of excipients and selected fertilizers. The theoretical part of this thesis is devoted to the factors influencing the yield and quality of grain. The practical part was focused on the evaluation of the influence of selected auxiliary preparations and foliar fertilizers on the yield and malting quality of spring barley grain. The issue was further explored in the form of both a small-plot experiment conducted on the land of Agrospol Velká Bystřice and a pilot trial in the locality of Hnojice in 2021. The experiment included the following variants: Control variant, 1. Lister Mo, 2. TS Impuls, 3. Aucyt Start , 4. TS Sentinel. Lister Mo and TS Impuls were applied in the developmental column phase (BBCH 31) and Aucit Start and TS Sentinel at the beginning of flowering (BBCH 50).vThe conclusion part of the diploma thesis summarizes and evaluates the fulfillment of the aim of the thesis.
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Influence of increased carbon dioxide concentration on grain protein composition in early and late wheat variety
Smrčková, Kamila ; Vítová, Eva (referee) ; Hrstka, Miroslav (advisor)
This bachelor thesis deals with the effect of increased CO2 concentration (700 ppm) on the content and composition of wheat grain proteins in early (Avenue) and late (Tobak) wheat varieties. Three methods were used to determine the proteins in wheat grain: the Kjeldahl determination of crude protein content, the determination of wet gluten, and finally the gravimetric determination of gliadins and glutenins after extraction. A different response of the varieties to the increased CO2 concentration was found. The early Avenue variety was much more sensitive to the effects of increased CO2 concentrations. The gliadin content decreased, while the glutenin content increased with increasing CO2 concentration. The total gluten protein content increased in elevated CO2 concentration, independently of nitrogen fertilization. Its content correlates in our work with the content of wet gluten.
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Využití dusíkatého hnojiva s inhibitorem nitrifikace ve výživě pšenice ozimé
Vícha, Lukáš
The aim of this bachelor's thesis is to assess the influence of nitrogen-sulphurous fertilizer with an inhibitor of nitrification (ENSIN) on the yield, nutrition and quality of winter wheat grain. The experiment was carried out on a small parcel in the locality of Žabčice u Brna (184 metres above sea) level in farming season of 2015/2016). The experiment involved five variants: 1. LAD (checking), 2. DASA 26-13, 3. ENSIN, 4. LAD + DASA 26-13 a 5. LAD + ENSIN. The date of application was also taken into consideration. The differences in the yields and bulk density in different variants were not significant. The option: LAD + ENSIN reached the highest average yield and bulk density. The differences in quality of the grain of the variants were statistically significant. The highest reading for N-substances, content of gluten and sedimentation was also at the variant LAD + ENSIN. On the other hand the worst results were provided by the variant ENSIN. It can be stated that later application of the fertilizer ENSIS to winter wheat is more useful.
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Mobilita a biopřístupnost fosforu v závislosti na kyselosti půdy
Tuza, Jiří
The aim of this diploma thesis was to find out the influence of basic phosphorus fertilization at different soil acidity levels on its sampling of malting barley plants (Sunshine variety) during vegetation, grain yield and quality and the content of labile forms of phosphorus in the soil. The problem was solved in the form of a precise vessel experiment in the vegetation hall of the biotechnological pavilion M in the premises of Mendel University in Brno. The fertilizers Amofos, Superphosphate and Fertilizers Duofertil TOP 38 NP and Eurofertil TOP 35 NP were included in the experiment. The fertilizer was applied before sowing at a dose of 39 kg P2O5.ha-1, calculated on the vessel size. At all tested levels of acidity the soil showed basic phosphorus fertilization by increasing its take-off by the plant in phase 3 of the right leaf, except neutral soil and in the phase of formation of 4th tiller. At the stage of jointing (3rd node), the phosphorus consumption of plants significantly increased on variants fertilized by Eurofertil TOP 35 NP and Duofertil TOP 38 NP. The reported increase in phosphorus yield was the result of a statistically significant increase in the weight of the plants fertilized with these fertilizers. Phosphorus fertilization increased the water-soluble P content in the soil determined at the first sampling in the range of 13,5 - 32%. From the results of the experiment, the Duofertil TOP 38 NP fertilizer is recommended for its higher efficiency in the use of phosphorus, especially on acidic and alkaline soils. The basic fertilized phosphorus did not have a significant effect on the yield of barley grains on acidic and alkaline soil. The increase in yield was statistically conclusive only on the land of neutral fertilized Amofos. On grain qualitative parameters (NL and starch content) grown under acidic and neutral soils, phosphorus fertilization did not statistically prove conclusively. Only in alkaline soils there was a statistically significant increase in phosphorus content in the grain on Amofos and Superphosphate fertilized variants.
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