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Analysis of drug residues in waters from small wastewater treatment plants
Pešková, Karolína ; Repková, Martina (referee) ; Mravcová, Ludmila (advisor)
This diploma thesis is focused on the analysis of pharmaceuticals residues in wastewater from wastewater treatment plants used for smaller sources of pollution (up to 2000 population equivalent). Pharmaceuticals entering the environment are a highly discussed topic, especially due to the emergence of antibiotic resistance, negative effects on non-target organisms, vegetation etc. The theoretical part of the thesis deals with smaller wastewater treatment plants or root sewage treatment plants, which achieve excellent results in the field of organic pollution removal. It deals with their detailed description, functioning or division. Attention is paid to pharmaceuticals in general, mechanisms of their removal and methods of their determination in wastewater. In total of 24 drugs from the group of beta-blockers, macrolide antibiotics, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, antiepileptics, antidepressants and sulfonamides were selected for analysis. In the experimental part of this diploma thesis, wastewater samples were taken from domestic wastewater treatment plants (type AT 6, AT 12 Plus, AT 30 and AT 150) and from the root sewage treatment plant of Dražovice. The samples were first processed using optimized extraction method (solid phase extraction) and then analyzed using optimized UPLC-ESI-MS method. The presence of pharmaceuticals residues was confirmed in all analysed wastewater. The highest concentrations were detected for the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory pharmaceuticals – ibuprofen and diclofenac.
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Concept of wastewater solution for village Třebešov
Chaloupka, Ondřej ; Pumprlová Němcová, Miroslava (referee) ; Kriška-Dunajský, Michal (advisor)
Water is the essential building block of life on the planet Earth. Its importance was overlooked in the past and quality of water in surface watercourses noticeably dicreased. It is an important fact, that according to the principles of sustainable development water became treated more economically and the water, wich people use, started to be cleaned properly before discharging back into the nature. One possible method is using of vertical sand natural filters. The Bachelor thesis deals with a possible solution of treatment wetlands for the village Třebešov. In this village there is located only an united sewer and therefore a water reservoir for rain water will be part of the design. In this water tank the rain water diluted with sewage will be cleaned through floating island technology.
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Research of the Multistage Constructed Treatment Wetlands Technology
Chaloupka, Ondřej ; Pumprlová Němcová, Miroslava (referee) ; Kriška-Dunajský, Michal (advisor)
The ways of purifying waste water produced by human society are nowadays a great deal. With the increasing pressure on sustainable construction, technology using principles close to natural processes are at the forefront. Treatment wetlands have been in use for almost 30 years and thanks mainly to developments abroad, they prove they are a suitable option for smaller producers of pollution. When designing a treatment wetland for municipalities with a larger amount of inhabitants, it is necessary to modify the proposal in order to eliminate all types of pollution. This thesis therefore compares three sewage treatment plants with a multistage filtration system. Comparing the achieved parameters will be beneficial for defining the rules for optimal design of these types of wastewater treatment plant.
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The fate of phosphorus in root wastewater treatment plants
Veselá, Klára ; Sobotníková, Jana (advisor) ; Nováková, Eliška (referee)
This bachelor's thesis deals with the determination of phosphorus in constructed wetlands. Phosphorus in wastewater must be eliminated effectively because there is a government regulation that permits maximal permissible concentration of phosphorus on the exit of wastewater treatment plants. Increased concentration in water leads to eutrophication, which causes the death of aquatic animals and plants. The aim of this bachelor's thesis is the validation of an easy and functional method for the determination of phosphorus in the water matrix. This method uses a complex with malachite green. The next aim was the determination of phosphate in the samples from model constructed wetlands. It's possible to make conclusions about the efficiency of model constructed wetlands out of this. For the determination UV-VIS spectrophotometry was used. The measured absorbance was recalculated to a concentration of phosphorus and after that to the concentration of phosphate. During the validation calibration, accuracy measurement, repeatability measurement, and measurement of absorbance dependence on time were performed. Sensitivity (by comparing the malachite green method with the normed method using phosphomolybdate blue), linearity, trueness, robustness, the limit of detection, and the limit of quantification were...
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Analysis of drug residues in waters from small wastewater treatment plants
Pešková, Karolína ; Repková, Martina (referee) ; Mravcová, Ludmila (advisor)
This diploma thesis is focused on the analysis of pharmaceuticals residues in wastewater from wastewater treatment plants used for smaller sources of pollution (up to 2000 population equivalent). Pharmaceuticals entering the environment are a highly discussed topic, especially due to the emergence of antibiotic resistance, negative effects on non-target organisms, vegetation etc. The theoretical part of the thesis deals with smaller wastewater treatment plants or root sewage treatment plants, which achieve excellent results in the field of organic pollution removal. It deals with their detailed description, functioning or division. Attention is paid to pharmaceuticals in general, mechanisms of their removal and methods of their determination in wastewater. In total of 24 drugs from the group of beta-blockers, macrolide antibiotics, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, antiepileptics, antidepressants and sulfonamides were selected for analysis. In the experimental part of this diploma thesis, wastewater samples were taken from domestic wastewater treatment plants (type AT 6, AT 12 Plus, AT 30 and AT 150) and from the root sewage treatment plant of Dražovice. The samples were first processed using optimized extraction method (solid phase extraction) and then analyzed using optimized UPLC-ESI-MS method. The presence of pharmaceuticals residues was confirmed in all analysed wastewater. The highest concentrations were detected for the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory pharmaceuticals – ibuprofen and diclofenac.
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Research of the Multistage Constructed Treatment Wetlands Technology
Chaloupka, Ondřej ; Pumprlová Němcová, Miroslava (referee) ; Kriška-Dunajský, Michal (advisor)
The ways of purifying waste water produced by human society are nowadays a great deal. With the increasing pressure on sustainable construction, technology using principles close to natural processes are at the forefront. Treatment wetlands have been in use for almost 30 years and thanks mainly to developments abroad, they prove they are a suitable option for smaller producers of pollution. When designing a treatment wetland for municipalities with a larger amount of inhabitants, it is necessary to modify the proposal in order to eliminate all types of pollution. This thesis therefore compares three sewage treatment plants with a multistage filtration system. Comparing the achieved parameters will be beneficial for defining the rules for optimal design of these types of wastewater treatment plant.
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Concept of wastewater solution for village Třebešov
Chaloupka, Ondřej ; Pumprlová Němcová, Miroslava (referee) ; Kriška-Dunajský, Michal (advisor)
Water is the essential building block of life on the planet Earth. Its importance was overlooked in the past and quality of water in surface watercourses noticeably dicreased. It is an important fact, that according to the principles of sustainable development water became treated more economically and the water, wich people use, started to be cleaned properly before discharging back into the nature. One possible method is using of vertical sand natural filters. The Bachelor thesis deals with a possible solution of treatment wetlands for the village Třebešov. In this village there is located only an united sewer and therefore a water reservoir for rain water will be part of the design. In this water tank the rain water diluted with sewage will be cleaned through floating island technology.
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Zhodnocení účinnosti vybrané čistírny odpadních vod
Fortelný, Roman
The presented thesis, entitled Evaluation of the effectiveness of a selected wastewater treatment plant, deals with the problems of water pollution and available technologies in the area of wastewater treatment. In particular, the thesis compares the effectiveness of root-zone and conventional (mechanical-biological) wastewater treatment plants. For comparison, the following plants were selected: root-zone wastewater treatment plant in Dražovice and classical wastewater treatment plant in Letonice. Both facilities are in the size category of 500 -- 2000 population equivalent. These two adjacent municipalities are located in South Moravia, approximately 32 km east of the city of Brno.
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Modelling of the biochemical processes in the constructed treatment wetlands
Pumprlová Němcová, Miroslava ; Hyánková, Eva (referee) ; Kriška-Dunajský, Michal (advisor)
This master's thesis deals with the modeling of biochemical processes in saturated vertical filter (which is often part of constructed treatment wetland) using software HYDRUS 2D and the module Constructed Wetland CW2D. The introductory part of this thesis is the literature research of expertise that are introduce with the theme constructed treatment wetlands and should also provide a basic overview of the mathematical or numerical modeling issue. The last chapter describes the theoretical introduction of software HYDRUS 2D and CW2D module, it is the practical part used to create a numerical l model. The practical part is based on theoretical knowledge and demonstrates the creating process of mathematical model in program HYDRUS 2D, simulating the real biochemical processes on the vertical saturated filter. The model is created in the program HYDRUS 2D CW2D and based on real operated constructed wetland. The thesis describes the calibration and followed verification of this model. The final model can well simulate the real filter behavior and allows user to get information about the output concentrations of waste water emission, such as ammonia nitrogen (N-NH4+) and chemical oxygen demand (COD). The results should in the future contribute to create software intended to draft and layout constructed wetlands.
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Wastewater Treatment Using House Sewage Treatment Plants {--} Hygienic Aspects and Usage in the Czech Republic
FIŠEROVÁ, Alena
Constructed wetlands (CWs) originate from natural wetlands and are used for waste water treatment as an alternative to conventional treatment. This thesis was aimed at providing a literary summary of the types of house sewage water treatment plants and constructed wetlands used in the CR and abroad, of their hygienic aspects, functionality, treatment efficiency, expensiveness and the possibilities of their use in the conditions of the CR and their advantages and disadvantages. It also deals with a proposal of a suitable type of house CW for the conditions of the CR and a list of the necessary steps in construction of a house CW. Quite similar systems are being used for house sewage treatment in the Czech Republic and abroad {--} mostly septic tanks, ground mounds, constructed wetlands, active treatment plants and biodiscs. Alternative water treatment methods are generally not suitable for buildings having (now or in the future) the possibility of connection to municipal sewerage systems. They are on the other hand suitable for buildings not connected to sewerage systems or for seasonal objects, remote places and holiday houses with seasonal waste water production. A system with horizontal subsurface flow is mostly used as a CW in the Czech Republic. This CW type ensures sufficient removal of organic contamination and insoluble substances, but the efficiency of nitrogen and phosphorus removal is relatively low. However it is fully sufficient in the instance of low PE numbers, as the loading rate is usually low and the concentration of contaminants in the output water meets the prescribed limits. Foreign researches show that hybrid systems combining horizontal flow with vertical flow and with recirculation are more suitable for improving efficiency of nitrogen removal. Systems with vertical flow and intermittent waste water dosage showing particularly good results in ammoniac removal are also suitable for nitrogen removal. Special materials with higher iron, aluminium or calcium content are most suitable as filling of a constructed wetland or as additional filters or for improvement of phosphorus removal from waste water as they are able to reach efficiency of up to 90 %. In my thesis I came to a conclusion that a CW with horizontal subsurface flow is the most suitable type of house constructed wetland treatment for the conditions in the CR, mainly because it is the most frequently used and thus best proven CW type with sufficient efficiency of treatment for the substances required by standards.
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