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Fyziologické, anatomické a morfologické reakce sazenic buku lesního a smrku ztepilého na stres suchem a následnou závlahu =: Physiological, anatomical and morphological response of European beech and Norway spruce seedlings on drought stress and subsequent irrigation /
Hájíčková, Martina
European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) and Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst) are the most abundant deciduous and coniferous tree species in the Czech Republic. Both beech and spruce are due to their sensitivity to drought threatened by ongoing climate change that can cause deterioration of their vitality in current habitats. Drought periods are already becoming longer and stronger and previously rare spring droughts become more frequent. The dissertation thesis is based on experiments with Norway spruce and European beech seedling exposed to different levels of drought (well-watered, moderate drought and severe drought). After three to six weeks of drought, the seedlings were well-watered for another two weeks and their response of physiology, anatomy and morphology was evaluated. Experiments were conducted with seedlings at early stage of leaf development and with fully developer leaves to compare response to spring and summer drought. Overall drought response was stronger in spring. Both spring and summer drought reduced gas exchange parameters (in both beech and spruce seedlings up to 100 %), hydraulic conductivity and less strongly also fluorometric parameters. Efficiency of water use in stressed seedlings decreased in spring, while it increased in summer. Shoot and leaves biomass was more reduced by drought than root biomass. Tree-ring width decreased about two times more in beech seedlings than in spruce seedlings. Vessel and tracheids in stem and shoots reduced their number and size, on the contrary, vessel size increased in beech petioles. After rewatering the reduced parameters increased, however, hydraulic conductivity, anatomy and morphology did not reach values of well-watered seedlings. While most of physiological parameters restored in moderately stressed seedlings, in severely stressed seedlings mainly gas exchange parameters remained lower.
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Vliv klimatické změny na ekonomiku lesního hospodářství
Pecháček, Ondřej
The effect of climate changes is currently one of the hottest topics in the field of forestry. This paper aims to quantify the potential impact of the change in the woody plant composition caused by climatic changes on the forestry economy in the Czech Republic. It provides data about the potential trend in woody plant composition and their economic balance for three management models for the period of 2015 to 2134. The results manifest a significant change in the species composition of forest stands, in which the areal proportional representation of spruces decreases by up to 18% of the current proportional representation. The economic impact on forestry is expressed by a decrease in the economic potential of up to 11.69 – 15.15% in comparison with its current economic potential
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Fossil Fuels Lobby and Climate Change: Influencing the Discourse in Politics and Media
Balková, Tereza ; Sehnálková, Jana (advisor) ; Fiřtová, Magdalena (referee)
Climate change denial is a widely spread phenomenon in the United States that has for decades shaped the country's response to the numerous environmental challenges it has been facing. This thesis deals with the role of the American fossil fuels lobby in the analyzed matter, as it constituted the main force behind its rise. The main goal of the thesis is to prove that the success of the climate change denial orchestrated by the fossil fuels industry was enabled by its ties to the political establishment. Moreover, it argues that this was done by using professionally drafted strategies, which turned a once-widely-accepted fact - backed by a scientific consensus - into a matter of debate, opinion, politics, ideology, and identity. In order to do that, the thesis firstly covers the historical development of the climate debate in the United Sates. It looks at the major milestones in the country's approach in dealing with the problem of the environment as well as the emergence of the climate change denial campaign itself. Secondly, it analyzes the various connections between U.S. politics, special interests, and climate science from the 1970s until the end of the George W. Bush Administration. Next, it introduces the specific tactics and methods employed by the climate change denial campaign. Moreover,...
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Water Management Analysis of Reservoir Storage Capacity Due to Climate Change
Šenková, Monika ; Menšík, Pavel (referee) ; Marton, Daniel (advisor)
The aim of this work is a water management solution of the storage volume of the Vlachovice reservoir in the conditions of climate change. Due to the long-term drought and flood period, the Czech Republic decided to build multi-purpose reservoirs. One of them is the multi-purpose water reservoir Vlachovice. The tanks are designed for a certain storage volume, which is calculated from the flow series in a given water profile. Flows on watercourses are conditioned by climatic and geomorphological conditions. Climatic conditions are constantly changing and significantly affect flows. It is difficult to determine the future of water flows. Future flows are generated based on measured values ??and expected climate change using mathematical models. In this work, just these two scenarios of the future of flow series depending on the amount of precipitation and temperature changes are compared.
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Adaptation of the urban environment on climate changeclimate change
Kührová, Kateřina ; Němcová, Miroslava Pumprlová (referee) ; Pumprlová Němcová, Miroslava (referee) ; Kriška-Dunajský, Michal (advisor)
Submitted bachelor thesis deals with adaptations of the urban environment to climate change, with special focus on adaptation strategies using greenery as the element of positive influence on the urban environment. The thesis is divided into two sections. In the first section the problematic of climate change and its effects and consequences for the urban environment is introduced, using both domestic and foreign sources. Scientific findings and adaptation options are listed with some examples of applied adaptation measures. The psychological effect on the city population is also considered as also a sociological research was conducted. The second part deals with analysis of the impact of two adaptation measures, both realized in the city of Brno – the existing green roof in Otevřená zahrada at Obilní trh and the City Cell Prototype – the temporary installation realised on Malinovského náměstí. The temperature and humidity data collected in the reference period (August – October/September – October 2018) are analysed together with the data recorded by meteorological station of the Institute of Landscape Water Management at the Brno University of Technology – Faculty of Civil Engineering.
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The Power of Fiction: enviromental issues in American cinema
Holá, Kateřina ; Soukup, Martin (advisor) ; Moulis, Ladislav (referee)
This master thesis deals with one of the current trends in cinema - the so-called climate change film. Film as a popular medium is able to influence public debate and this paper's main objective is to explain how environmental issues can be portrayed in film and how such films shape the climate change debate. In the first, theoretical part of this thesis, the aim is to briefly introduce the history and context of climate change debate from the 1970s to the present day based on sources primarily from interdisciplinary cultural and environmental studies. It also explains how environmental problems started to arise in different art spheres, above all in American cinema from 1995 to the present. The second part analyzes four American feature films of different genres: The Day After Tomorrow (2004) directed by Roland Emmerich's, The Road (2009) directed by John Hillcoat, Before the Flood (2016) directed by Fisher Stevens and Darren Aronofsky's mother! (2017). The final chapter summarizes the findings, explains the currently prevalent apocalyptic narrative and discusses why such approach is not effective and how filmmakers need to transform climate change stories into positive narratives that inspire change and hope.
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Holocene climate changes in the High Arctic
Prochová, Dominika ; Vondrák, Daniel (advisor) ; Roman, Matěj (referee)
Climatic changes are nowadays frequently discussed subject in the scientific, political and public sphere. For better understanding of their causes, development and possible impacts is one of the basic prerequisites for investigating such anomalies, that have taken place in the past. In natural archives, it is possible to find records not only about their parameters but also about the mentioned impacts - ecosystem changes, earth surface's geomorfological transformartions or the impact on human society. The most studied period of geological time is Holocene. It is about the most recent period and we currently live in its third stage. Thankfully, due to relatively sufficient knowledge of its climatic anomalies we are able to study the climate's contribution with enough complexity to valorize the currently much observed global warming, witch is often connected to human activity. The Arctic is probably the most sensitive place to climate changes on the planet. The warming, that is currently observed around the globe, is there noticeably higher - by the end of the 20th century, the average annual temperature increased twice as fast. The aim of this thesis is, in the form of literary research, to describe and examinatie the climate development in high Arctic areas, potencially the most sensitive...
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Contemporary British climate change plays
Holá, Kateřina ; JOBERTOVÁ, Daniela (advisor) ; KYSELOVÁ, Eva (referee)
This master thesis deals with one of the current trends in contemporary British drama – the so-called „climate change plays“.
In the first part of this thesis my aim is to briefly introduce the history and context of climate change debate from the 1970s to the present day and explain how environmental problems started to arise in different art spheres, above all in Anglophone literature. In the second part the focus is on the climate change plays that emerged in English speaking countries in the past 15 years. The core of this thesis are analyses of four plays premiered in major London theatres between 2009 – 2011: The Contingency Plan by Steve Waters, The Heretic by Richard Bean, Mike Bartlett’s Earthquakes in London and Lungs by Duncan Macmillan. The main objective of these analyses is their approach towards climate change science and their shared ideologies, motives and themes.
The last chapter attempts to evaluate this social phenomenon and to consider the difficulties artists have to face when dealing with such complex scientific problems like climate change.
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