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Legal Protection of the Earth's Climate
Vaverka, David ; Snopková, Tereza (advisor) ; Franková, Martina (referee)
In accordance with its title, this Thesis Aims to Analyse Legal Aspects of Climate protection. Therefore its structure comprises of Five major sections dedicated to offer substantial amounts of information on the topic of Climate Change and its Protection. The first section describes the Issue of Climate Change, the History of its Protection as well as necessary measures and certain difficulties to achieve a consensus usually occurring during international negotiations. The second, third, and forth sections address Legal Climate Protection at International, European Union, and National Levels. Finally, the closing fifth section not only summarizes all that has been stated in previous sections but also evaluates Efficiency of actions taken at the three levels mentioned. Furthermore, the last section suggests where the major efforts should be focused on in the forthcoming years. All in all, the main objective of all the sections introduced is to Highlight the Urgent Need for Effective and Coordinated Action taken by the Whole International Community based on Conscious and Mindful Doings of each and every Individual. This requirement is the very crucial precondition in order to keep the global rising temperature below 2 degrees celsius by the end of the 21st Century so that potential negative and...
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Food Security and Machine Learning: Opportunities and Challenges
Hruška, Adam ; Špelda, Petr (advisor) ; Plattner, Simon Antonin (referee)
The emergence of the effects of global warming, as well as the ongoing depletion of fossil fuels and fertile soil pose a serious threat for the future of the agricultural industry. Alternatively, the continuous population growth mainly in the less developed regions highlights the future need of approximately 70-110 percent increase in the overall output of contemporary food production. While the current conventional agriculture deploys a multitude of technologies including the precision agriculture framework, the future needs of the population exceed the projected capabilities of the industry. Machine learning as the current fastest growing technology represents the potential remedy for the emerging issues, yet the extent of successful implementation remains uncertain. The thesis aims to uncover the potential future implications of implementation of machine learning based technology in agriculture through the use of the new scenario building methodology. The analysis builds on a varying set of empirical data, current state of art projects in machine learning and multiple future trend projections. Albeit the scenario building technique allows for a potentially endless number of constructed scenarios, the thesis concentrates on three main plot lines. First scenario tackles the more probable...
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The impact of coronavirus crisis on the media coverage of climate change topic in Czech daily newspaper Mladá fronta Dnes
Hlinka, Ivan ; Osvaldová, Barbora (advisor) ; Zunová, Anna (referee)
The coronavirus crisis has affected the way of life on the planet. Due to the speed and intensity with which it has spread, it earned a lot of media attention. This space was given to it at the expense of other, less attractive topics. The bachelor's thesis focuses on the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on media coverage of climate change. Using the quantitative content analysis, relevant articles from 2019 and 2020 were examined. The first chapters represent the theoretical basis and insight into the issue. They deal with climate change and climate extremes, the coronavirus crisis, including its course in the Czech Republic, and describe the basic concepts of media theory that are necessary for a proper understanding of the topic of this thesis. The methodology chapter sets out the objectives of this work, research questions, and procedures. The last two chapters present the obtained data and answers to the research questions. The result of the analysis was that the coronavirus crisis negatively affected the articles dealing with the topic of climate change. In absolute numbers, there was a decrease in almost all examined categories. The only exception was the average length of the articles, which increased by 7.8%. In 2020, the number of published relevant articles decreased by 41.5%...
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Long-term changes in winter and spring runoff in mountain catchments in Czechia
Klinkovská, Simona ; Jeníček, Michal (advisor) ; Vlach, Vojtěch (referee)
Climate changes occurring on Earth influence most of the natural processes. This also includes snow storages which have been decreasing in many mountain regions over the last decades. Besides increasing air temperature, changes in snowfall fraction, snow storages and snowpack duration also occur. For snow dominated mountain catchments, runoff timing from snowmelt is essential. Due to air temperature increase, runoff occurs earlier. Additionally, evapotranspiration increases as well. This thesis summarizes current knowledge regarding snowpack and runoff changes in mountain catchments. It further analyzes changes in 14 Czech mountain catchments over a 50-year period (1965-2014) using a Mann-Kendall trend test which identifies trends in selected time series. The trend analysis was followed by quantification of trends using Sen's slope estimator. The results showed that the day of 50% of total annual runoff occurred earlier in all catchments. Increased winter runoff was found in the Krkonoše catchments. Significant and extensive negative trends were detected in May for most of the catchments. There were almost no significant trends detected in the Beskydy catchments. Key words: snow, snowmelt runoff, trends, climate changes
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Palaeocology of plant-arthropod associations from the Lower Miocene of the Most Basin in northern Bohemia (Czech Republic)
Knor, Stanislav
Terrestrial plants and insects account for the majority of the Earth's biodiversity today, and almost half of all insect species are herbivores. Thus, insects and plants share ancient associations date back for more than 400 million years. However, investigation of their interactions stands largely at the beginning in Western Europe. Nearly 4300 plant remains showing various kinds of feeding damages are available for the present study. These trace fossils are classified as so-called functional feeding-groups supply an outstanding example of the complexity, the structure and the changes of terrestrial ecosystems, are not well known during this interval. In Europe, the Neogene is characterized by palaeogeographic re- organization due to the collision of the African with the Eurasian plates. The Neogene plant record in Europe is rich and diverse offering a profound large-scale understanding of the floristic and vegetational development. A database of fossil traces from the Most Basin was compiled and analyzed by various statistical methods in terms of the diversity and intensity of palaeo-herbivory. The primary objective is to present results on the development of insect herbivory through the section of the Bílina Mine in North Bohemia, with the aim of understanding principal factors that caused the...
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The influence of glacial meltwater on benthic algal communities in alpine streams.
Prüherová, Alžběta ; Kulichová, Jana (advisor) ; Vinšová, Petra (referee)
The specifics of glacial streams, as streams fed and influenced by mountain glacier are very tough conditions which, in these alpine habitats, last all year long. Typical features of a glacial stream are cold temperatures, oligotrophic water, high flow rate which is connected to a very good oxygen saturation and the stream level fluctuations, not only visible during the whole year, but also in a scope of a few hours during one day. Therefore populations of organisms living in these habitats have to be sufficiently adapted to such harsh environment, in order to not just survive local harsh conditions, but effectively use them to reproduce and inhabit the limited space. This thesis is focused on benthic communities of these water bodies and is a summary of knowledge from studies done mainly in Italian, Austrian and Swiss Alps. Seasonal influence of the glacier and the influence of climate change on the fragile communities inhabiting glacial streams in higher altitudes is then discussed as well as the types of streams in the alpine zone dividing said streams into several types, first into three main types according to their water source and later on into more specific types of the Alps streams according to their bed rock and other geographic variables. Glacial streams are nowadays the subject of...
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Water management in a physical plan
Pospíšilová, Nikola ; Perlín, Radim (advisor) ; Hrabák, Jiří (referee)
The Master's thesis responds to the current challenge of the Czech landscape - reflecting its adaptation to climate change. At the local level, according to Czech legislation, the instrument forming the landscape should be primarily the physical plan, which was therefore selected as the subject of interest for this work. The work examines the possibilities of the physical plan in the field of water management by means of a case study focused on five municipalities in Vysocina region. The aim of this work is to verify whether spatial planning in the Czech environment responds to climate change, and thus whether it participates in responsible landscape water management. Firstly, the work analyzes the expected climate changes, their impact on the Czech landscape and approaches of society to these changes. Another part of the work is devoted to spatial planning, its tools and possibilities in the formation of landscape. In the practical part of the work, two qualitative research methods are used. The first is a semantic analysis of municipal spatial plans, the second chosen method are semi-structured interviews with representatives of public administration. The results of both methods show that the physical plan rather permits water management. Near natural measures are in the physical plans expressed...
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Dopady pěstování kávy na stabilitu regionu Latinské Ameriky - případová studie Kolumbie, Peru a Bolívie
Ryšánková, Markéta
The aim of this bachelor thesis is to analyse and propose marketing changes in Fair Trade, UTZ Kapeh, Rainforest Alliance and Bird Friendly processes. The influence of coffee growing on stability of the states of Colombia, Peru and Bolivia is analysed. The theoretical Framework describes the production conditions of the commodity, the complications of the coffee industry, the teoretical approaches to climate change and the certification of Fair Trade, UTZ Kapeh, Rainforest Alliance and Bird Friendly. In the analytical part, the development of consumption and production of coffe, together with revenues form individual countries in the period from turn of the century to the present, are analysed. The development of coffee purchase prices, the distribution of profit from the distribution chain and the link between the change of agricultural area and global warming are also being studied. Furthemore, the theoretical approches of Fair Trade, UTZ Kapeh, Rainforest Alliance and Bird Friendly are analysed. In suggestion part, there are explained possible changes to the marketing strategies of these organisations and the problem solving in the social sphere of growers.
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Vývoj vybraných socioekonomických faktorů a jejich vliv na stabilitu Egypta v období 2005 - 2015
Bartáková, Michaela
The aim of this thesis is to analyze the factors leading to change the level of security in Egypt in the years 2010 - 2011 and their reflection on the current political regime and the country's economy. Work focuses primarily on climatic conditions and changes that cause fluctuations in agriculture and insufficient agricultural production. This work analyzes the nutritional intake of Egypt's population and food availability in the country before and after the outbreak of the Arab Spring.
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Validita systému bonitovaných pôdno-ekologických jednotiek a legislatívne dôsledky jeho aktualizácie
Filková, Natália
Soil crediting in the Czech Republic is based on so-called land boned soil-ecological units (BPEJ), this unit serves to evaluate both absolute and relative production capacity of agricultural land. The thesis points out the need to update this system, caused mainly by climate change, which causes the shift of the existing climate regions but also the emergence of new (not yet classified) climate regions. These changes have a direct impact on soil production capacity. In the thesis there is an overview of legal regulations that are influenced by the system of certified soil-ecological units (BPEJ).
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