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Use of Laboratory Models in the Design of Potable Water Treatment Plants
Mečíř, Filip
The aim of this article was to investigate the potential of laboratory water treatment testing methods to support the design of a drinking water treatment plant. The work investigated jar tests, dissolved air flotation, membrane processes and adsorption on activated carbon. The use of laboratory tests allows the optimization of the design of the drinking water treatment plant and reduces the costs of further stages of project preparation. These tests result in projected chemical consumption, energy consumption and waste production estimates. All these values are important for the design of the treatment plant.
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The use of alternative coagulants in water treatment
Hofmanová, Lucie ; Zelený, Zdeněk (referee) ; Kučera, Tomáš (advisor)
This bachelor's thesis deals with the use of alternative coagulants in water treatment. The first theoretical part mentions types of water treatment for the individual categories of raw water, related laws and ordinances. After that thesis describes the principle, mechanisms of coagulation and factors influencing the process. It analyses the jar test procedure performed within the experimental part of the bachelor's thesis. One chapter deals with polymers and metal coagulants based on aluminium and iron commonly used in water treatment. The chapter includes more detailed description of natural polymers moringa oleifera and chitosan. These two coagulating agents and aluminium sulfate were used in the second experimental part of the bachelor's thesis. Several sets of the jar test were performed in order to investigate the efficiency of chosen coagulants on the removal of turbidity from water. The thesis concludes with a comparison and evaluation of the results. Photos taken during the jar test can also be found at the end of the bachelor's thesis.
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Model research on the effectiveness of separation technologies for water treatment
Hofmanová, Lucie ; Látal,, Milan (referee) ; Kučera, Tomáš (advisor)
This diploma thesis deals with the effectiveness of separation technologies for water treatment. The first theoretical part mentions types of pollution that can be found in surface water. Furthermore, the interparticle interactions affecting the stability of colloidal dispersions are discussed. The following is a description of the principle, procedure, mechanisms of coagulation and factors influencing this process. The chapter dealing with types of water treatment is followed by a more detailed description of the individual separation technologies used in the water treatment plants. The important passage in the theoretical part is the description of materials and reagents used in laboratory experiments. The coagulants nanoiron and sodium water glass are characterized, as well as Bayoxide E33, CFH 0818, FILTRASORB 100 activated charcoal and DORSILIT silicate sand. The experimental part of the thesis analyses the jar test procedure. The flocculation tester intended for the jar test was used for laboratory coagulation using nanoiron and sodium water glass. The effectiveness of selected coagulants in the removal of turbidity from water during sedimentation of flakes produced in reaction vessels was investigated. In addition, the effectiveness of individual filtering materials in the removal of turbidity from water containing nanoiron/sodium water glass was investigated. In the end, the results of laboratory tests are compared and evaluated, including photos taken during experiments.
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Water Treatment Plants Innovation Opportunities
Zelený, Zdeněk ; Biela, Renata (referee) ; Kučera, Tomáš (advisor)
This master´s thesis deals with the possibilities of innovation process water treatment. Specifically, to explore the use of sodium water glass and nanoiron in removing heavy metals from raw water at the drinking water treatment. For the comparison was used traditionally used coagulant, particularly liquid aluminum sulfate. The introductory part deals with the possibility of modifying the surface water during the treatment process such water into potable water. This chapter is a description of the quality of raw water used, then the description of currently used separation processes. Furthermore, they are described and commonly used types of treatment plants. Conclusion The introductory section deals with traditional coagulants and form a suspension. Another part of this master´s thesis has been devoted to the possibilities of innovation in the treatment of raw waters as drinking water, describes the options and features of the use of water glass and nanoiron. The following section describes the experimental part of this thesis. It is followed by the experimental results. The last chapter summarizes the acquired knowledge and commented on the measured values of the experimental part. This work also shows several specific projects using innovative technologies presented.
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Design of A Water Treatment Plant from A Surface Source
Mečíř, Filip ; Adler, Pavel (referee) ; Kučera, Tomáš (advisor)
The first part of this thesis briefly describes methods of potable water treatment. This part of the thesis is mainly devoted to processes of coagulation, flotation, membrane filtration and adsorption. The second part concerns water quality in the source and laboratory experiments for verification of water treatment procedures for the given surface water source. Used methods include jar tests for coagulation, filtration on laboratory scale membrane unit and batch experiments for granular active charcoal. The third part describes current state of the building in which the future water treatment plant should be located. The proposed water source is the water reservoir Nové Mlýny I. The final part deals with the design of three stage water plant with the required capacity of 7,4 l·s-1. Selected parts of the building permit documentation are part of this thesis.
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Aluminium fractionation in water treatment.
Houšková, Lucie ; Benešová, Libuše (advisor) ; Janečková, Lucie (referee)
Aluminium and natural organic compounds are common components of surface water in our country. Removal of these substance represents one of basic problems of water treatment. Chemical treatment process is based on particles destabilisation and aggregation. The efficiency of treatment is influenced by many chemical and physical factors (the reaction conditions, type and dosage of destabilisation reagens, reactive pH, the mean velocity gradient and the period of its duration). Common water treatment technologies are based on the reagent doeses optimisation. Properties of formed aggregates (namely their size, shape and density) and their separation capabilities are influenced by the magnitude of the velocity gradient and the period of its application. This thesis is focused on the optimisation of doses of alum - Al2(SO4)3.18 H2O and the properties of aggregation. For increasing of alkalinity the lime water was used as an alkalisation reagent. Laboratory tests were conducted by jar test using the variable speed paddle gang stirrer. The result showes that Al2(SO4)3.18 H2O is suitable destabilisation reagens, but salts of the Fe3+ ionts are better.
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Removal of iron and manganese in water treatment process
Šafaříková, Jana ; Hnaťuková, Petra (advisor) ; Pivokonský, Martin (referee)
This diploma thesis is aimed at the evaluation of water treatment technology in Písty waterworks which treats raw water with high concentration of iron and manganese. The most common method of iron and manganese removal from raw water is based on oxidation to insoluble hydrated oxides followed by separation of formed aggregates. The plant technology consists of aeration, oxidation agent KMnO4 dosing and mixing, sedimentation, filtration and hygienic protection. Chemical analysis of treated water, evaluation of the aeration efficiency of iron and manganese oxidation, evaluation of the separation efficiency of the sedimentation tank and filters, assessment of distribution of iron and manganese in the filter, assessment of dirt holding capacity and optimization of KMnO4 dose were determined. Raw water pH fluctuated around 7,3 during measurements, whereas iron and manganese concentrations in raw water were 6,00 and 0,82 mg.l-1 , respectively. Oxidation of 97,2 % of dissolved iron and of 14,3 % of dissolved manganese was achieved after the aeration. The separation efficiency of the sedimentation tank was 82,9 % for iron and 46,5 % for manganese, however the separation efficiency of the second half of the sedimentation tank was low. Thus, the perforated baffles in the second half of the sedimentation...
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Jar Test Methodology for Water Treatment Optimization
Pivokonský, Martin ; Pivokonská, Lenka ; Vašatová, Petra ; Načeradská, Jana
The methodology is intended for water treatment plant (WTP) operators and serves as a basic guideline for an optimization of the coagulation process in water treatment. It describes the jar test procedure, which allows the determination of the optimum operating conditions of coagulation, i.e., type and dose of the coagulant and coagulation pH value, needed for reaching the highest treatment efficiency. The publication further contains a supplementary part with tables for conversion of molar to mass concentration (and vice versa) of coagulants, instructions for diluting coagulants and reagents for pH adjustment and examples of jar test data recording, processing and evaluation.
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Optimization of laboratory procedures for effective water treatment plant operation
Pivokonský, Martin ; Vašatová, Petra ; Petříček, Radim ; Pivokonská, Lenka ; Novotná, Kateřina
This scientific report has been realized within a TACR project (no. TJ01000169) of the ZÉTA programme aimed at supporting applied research. The report is intended for water treatment plant (WTP) operators and serves as a basic guideline for optimization of the coagulation process in water treatment. In the first part of the report, a methodology of jar tests is briefly described. Conducting the jar test is fundamental for an effective control over the coagulation step in WTP operation. Jar tests are necessary for a determination of the optimum operating conditions of coagulation, i.e., type and dose of the coagulant and coagulation pH value, needed for reaching the highest treatment efficiency. The other part of the report summarizes and evaluates the results of jar test optimization conducted at the WTP in Kutná Hora, and recommendations for optimization of the WTP operation are suggested. Economic aspects of the optimization are then discussed in a separate section.
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