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Legitimising the Launch of Humanitarian Intervention - A Case Study of US Politics Towards the Phenomenon of Humanitarian Intervention
Šabatová, Kateřina ; Kučera, Tomáš (advisor) ; Suchanová, Angelika (referee)
This thesis examines the phenomenon of humanitarian intervention in the context of its process of legitimizing the initiation. Specifically, it focuses on the relationship of U.S. domestic politics to the legitimation of the initiation of humanitarian intervention abroad. Using three case studies of the launch of humanitarian intervention from the Middle East region, it aims to explain and answer the question of how U.S. politics influences American society's perception of the justification for the launch of humanitarian intervention abroad. The case studies analyzed are the 1958 U.S. intervention in Lebanon, the 1991 intervention in Iraq, and the unlike intervention in Syria. The Middle East cases are chosen because of the prevailing threat to civilians in the region, which has the potential to spread to other countries. Using the three approaches of humanitarianism, realpolitik, and mixed motives, it then with the use of discourse analysis evaluates the arguments and approaches of U.S. policymakers in the case studies and how they influenced the justification of the humanitarian intervention in question. The thesis puts this in context with the nature of American political culture and US foreign policy towards the Middle East. While the topic of humanitarian intervention has been explored by many...
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Just War Theory and Humanitarian Intervention: Case of Kosovo
Šolc, Martin ; Kučera, Jan (advisor) ; Střítecký, Vít (referee)
The aim of the bachelor thesis is to assess the NATO military intervention in Kosovo from the spring 1999 in terms of international law and - first of all - the western just war theory. The thesis first focuses on the genesis of just war theory in the political philosophy of european Antiquity, Middle Ages and early Modern Age, which provides better understanding of the meaning of certain conditions which are necessary to fulfill in order to use force legitimately. The thesis further comes to conclusion that humanitarian intervention forms a legitimate part of contemporary just war theory. The theoretical part of thesis ends with definition of necessary and auxiliary just war criteria applicable to humanitarian intervention; there is also described the regulation of the use of force in international law. The thesis then proceeds to proper case study. After the history of conflict is briefly addressed, international law norms and just war criteria are applied to the NATO military intervention. The thesis concludes that the intervention was illegal: the conditions set by the UN Charter were not met nor was there to be found any customary norm which would provide the action of Alliance with a legal basis. On the other hand, the intervention proved to be legitimate in terms of just war theory: all of...
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Responsibility for protection as a concept of contemporary international law
Nejedlo, Vít ; Hýbnerová, Stanislava (advisor) ; Balaš, Vladimír (referee)
The thesis focuses on the responsibility to protect as a new concept of the international law designed to help the members of the international community in dealing with humanitarian crisis. Although it is quite new, it has undertaken dynamic evolution and changed its nature to a certain extent. The main aim of responsibility to protect is to ensure that when massive violations of human rights occur, the effective and proportionate response will come and will stop the violations and prevent them from appearing again in the future. First, the debate about state sovereignty and human rights protection was presented and the relevant fields of research were defined. This was followed by the examination of the humanitarian intervention as this concept focuses on issues that are common also to the concept of the responsibility to protect. However, whereas the issues are in common, the perspective is different. While the humanitarian intervention focuses mainly on states, the responsibility to protect focuses on populations striving from human rights violations. While humanitarian intervention deals with the reaction on humanitarian crisis, the responsibility to protect deals mainly with the prevention of the crisis. While the humanitarian intervention places the sovereignty and human rights protection...
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Analysis of the Russian Attitude toward the Concept of Humanitarian Intervention
Vargová, Martina ; Střítecký, Vít (advisor) ; Valková, Irena (referee)
Bachelor thesis Analysis of the Russian Attitude toward the Concept of Humanitarian Intervention is primarily concerned with the way in which the Russian federation legitimizes its inconsistent approach to the currently debated concept of humanitarian intervention. The main goal of the thesis is to point out on what normative grounds the Russian side formulates justification of its position as a defender or as an opponent of the concept. Thesis is based on the constructivist perception of international relations and depicts the Russian federation as a valid member of the international system which legitimizes all of its actions or inactions in terms of universally accepted norms of this system. Analysis of the Russian political discourse shows that norms which determine justification of humanitarian intervention are highlighted in cases when the Russian federation implements military intervention potentially including humanitarian dimension (if necessary exaggerated by the interpretation of the Russian political authorities). In case, that the Russian federation opposes the possibility to put the concept of humanitarian intervention in practice, it highlights the norms which contradict the concept from the very beginning of its occurrance. The text is divided into three main chapters. Chapter one...
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Were the Somalia and Kosovo cases successful humanitarian interventions?
Nejedlo, Vít ; Karásek, Tomáš (advisor) ; Karlas, Jan (referee)
The thesis covers foreign military interventions in Somalia (1992-1995) and former Yugoslavia (1999). First, the definition of the humanitarian intervention is presented as well as factors influencing the success of intervention. Then both cases are analysed using the factors defined earlier. The success of the intervention is sought in two realms. First, whether the relevant case corresponds with the definition of the humanitarian intervention. Second, whether the aims set at the beginning of the intervention were achieved. According to the author the intervention in Somalia did not succeed, although it had better prospects to achieve the aims than the bombing of Yugoslavia at first sight. The Kosovo case was, on the contrary, a successful humanitarian intervention, although it was a very controversial example of the use of military force.
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Maintaining the peace and security by regional arrangements in Africa (focusing on peace-keeping operations)
Fencl, Ivan ; Faix, Martin (advisor) ; Beránek, Milan (referee)
Maintaining the peace and security by regional arrangements in Africa (focusing on peace-keeping operations) Abstract The present thesis focuses on the issue of peace-keeping operations maintained by the regional and sub-regional organizations in Africa, namely African Union and ECOWAS. The main statement of the thesis is the following: The United Nations is unable to react effectively to threats to international peace and security, especially in cases of mass violations of human rights in intrastate conflicts, that have severe impact on particular region including refugee crisis or spreading the conflict to other states of the region. In the thesis, particular instruments of the above-mentioned international organizations, that create the framework for operations for maintaining peace and security in the region, are described. Attention is also paid to the relevant bodies of the African union and ECOWAS such as Peace and security council of the AU or African standby force. The thesis elaborates on problematic or controversial issues from international law perspective. In the first place, the concept of humanitarian intervention and related concept of responsibility to protect is underlined. It is demonstrated that African Union and ECOWAS have significant contribution to these concepts when implementing...
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Why do states decide for or against the intervention in other states? Case Study: Libya and Syria
Vacková, Kateřina ; Kučera, Tomáš (advisor) ; Ludvík, Jan (referee)
The master thesis on the topic Why do states decide for or against the intervention in other states? Case Study: Libya and Syria is focused on analysing the motives of states, which are crucial for deciding to intervene or not to intervene in the territory of a foreign state. The whole issue is assessed from the perspective of two major theories of international relations - liberalism and realism. As the first research case was chosen the international community's intervention in Libya in 2011. The case was analysed from the perspective of Sweden, which took part in the operation by the deployment of eight fighters Jas 39 Gripen. As the second case was chosen the civil war in Syria, which has been underway since 2011 and whose situation would have required similar interference by the international community. However, this has not happen until that time, although the states are militarily involved in Syria. This case was analysed from the view of Russia, which did not take part in operation in Libya, but since September 2015 has been involved in fighting on the ground in Syria. As a last case was chosen Great Britain, which has militarily participated in both conflicts. For the analysis itself was used Ortega's typology of interventions, which was adapted for the purpose of this work. The different...
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The concept of humanitarian intervention from the Russian perspective
Kubátová, Eliška ; Střítecký, Vít (advisor) ; Karlas, Jan (referee)
The diploma thesis is concerned with the approach of Russian federation towards the humanitarian intervention concept, respectively to the responsibility to protect (R2P) doctrine, which was endorsed by all member states of the United Nations at the 2005 World Summit. The main idea of the doctrine is a duty of all states to protect their citizens, and if certain state is manifestly failing to protect its population, the international community has responsibility to use appropriate measures in order to protect lives of civilians. Therefore in extreme cases, states have the right to military intervene on a territory of other state. The Russian federation, which traditionally promotes principles of state sovereignty and non- interference, rejects the liberal conception of the humanitarian intervention and strongly criticizes interventions led by the West. On the other hand, Russia uses the concept if its own interests are at stake. The thesis illustrates this ambiguous perception of the humanitarian intervention concept by the Russian federation on several historic events, when Moscow either criticized Western states' implementation of the R2P concept (NATO intervention in Kosovo or the cases of Libya and Syria), or used the concept on its own in order to legitimize military intervention (Chechnya,...
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Analysis of the Russian Attitude toward the Concept of Humanitarian Intervention
Vargová, Martina ; Střítecký, Vít (advisor) ; Valková, Irena (referee)
Bachelor thesis Analysis of the Russian Attitude toward the Concept of Humanitarian Intervention is primarily concerned with the way in which the Russian federation legitimizes its inconsistent approach to the currently debated concept of humanitarian intervention. The main goal of the thesis is to point out on what normative grounds the Russian side formulates justification of its position as a defender or as an opponent of the concept. Thesis is based on the constructivist perception of international relations and depicts the Russian federation as a valid member of the international system which legitimizes all of its actions or inactions in terms of universally accepted norms of this system. Analysis of the Russian political discourse shows that norms which determine justification of humanitarian intervention are highlighted in cases when the Russian federation implements military intervention potentially including humanitarian dimension (if necessary exaggerated by the interpretation of the Russian political authorities). In case, that the Russian federation opposes the possibility to put the concept of humanitarian intervention in practice, it highlights the norms which contradict the concept from the very beginning of its occurrance. The text is divided into three main chapters. Chapter one...
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Responsibility for protection as a concept of contemporary international law
Nejedlo, Vít ; Hýbnerová, Stanislava (advisor) ; Balaš, Vladimír (referee)
The thesis focuses on the responsibility to protect as a new concept of the international law designed to help the members of the international community in dealing with humanitarian crisis. Although it is quite new, it has undertaken dynamic evolution and changed its nature to a certain extent. The main aim of responsibility to protect is to ensure that when massive violations of human rights occur, the effective and proportionate response will come and will stop the violations and prevent them from appearing again in the future. First, the debate about state sovereignty and human rights protection was presented and the relevant fields of research were defined. This was followed by the examination of the humanitarian intervention as this concept focuses on issues that are common also to the concept of the responsibility to protect. However, whereas the issues are in common, the perspective is different. While the humanitarian intervention focuses mainly on states, the responsibility to protect focuses on populations striving from human rights violations. While humanitarian intervention deals with the reaction on humanitarian crisis, the responsibility to protect deals mainly with the prevention of the crisis. While the humanitarian intervention places the sovereignty and human rights protection...
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