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Everyday life in testimonies of noblemen about their lack of interest in war campaigns in the second half of the 16th and at the beginning of the 17th century
AUSOBSKÁ, Lucie
The diploma thesis deals with the everyday image of the wars in the 16th and early 17th Century. The medieval ideal of "miles christianus" still permeated the thinking of an early modern nobleman and influenced his life. There were several noblemen who devoted their lives to the war. On the other hand, the analysis of preserved correspondence portrayed a conflict between the ideal and reality. The result showed the lack of interest in the war campaigns. Historical-anthropological point of view allowed to look at the individuals and their behaviour methods, which should have helped them to avoid a campaign. A typology of individual letters was emphasized. It became the basis for determination of the strategies used by nobility. The main concern of this thesis was, by using the methodology of collective mentalities, to reconstruct the thinking of early modern noblemen, who were no longer able to behave according to the standards. It tries to create a collective biography, where several demands set the behavioral traits of noble absentee.
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Origin and development of historical event - historical and anthropological perspective on the issue of history of overseas discoveries.
Szarowská, Markéta ; Šenovský, Jakub (advisor) ; Beneš, Zdeněk (referee)
The present master's thesis with the title "Rise and Development of a Historical Event - Historico-Anthropological View of the History of Overseas Discoveries" discusses the rise and development of a historical event through the sociocultural point of view. It discusses how the sociocultural peculiarities of the society at that time influenced the shaping of events that later became an important historical account from the historians' perspective. One of the substantial methodological resources for the present study is the approach developed by Michele de Certeau and his theoretical elaboration of the process called "writing of history". The first chapter deals with the historical anthropology as the methodological approach in the historical investigation. The second chapter focuses on Michele de Certeau and his studies in the field of historiography. In the third chapter there is a historical overview called "The Century of Overseas Discoveries" focusing on the century when the crucial historical events took place - great discovery voyages. The fourth and fifth chapters are based on the previous theoretical texts on historical anthropology and Michele de Certeau. The aim of this master's thesis is to relate these new approaches of historical investigation to the presented topic of the history of...
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Inter-cultural historical anthropology
Náhlovský, Michal ; Vrhel, František (advisor) ; Korecká, Zuzana (referee)
Historical anthropology is a relatively young science discipline. On many projects in the framework of theoretical tasks so far. This work is a bunch of strangers to focus on inter-cultural comparison in the context of historical anthropology. This work will be conducted following the line of the official sources of the history. Rather than the actor himself, will be viewed for what could, in theory, the player or what was his academic freedom. By comparing the two locally so different areas, such as the Czech lands, and Beninese imperium, has a bunch of strangers try to show a comparison as possible in varying degree. The work aims to compare the rights and that mountain obligation the lowest classes of the two States. It has to happen, implanted in the reality of time known as the early modern period in Europe. The work will be based mainly on the strands of legal provenance. Work gives the objective comparison of these facts, without any claims to their binding evaluation.
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Traveler Čeněk Paclt (1813-1887) - the first Czech that has ever been to all five continents in respect to historical anthropology
Kříž, Jaroslav ; Opatrný, Josef (advisor) ; Binková, Simona (referee)
This dissertation analyzes the life of Czech traveler Čeněk Paclt (1813 - 1887), who was born in the town of Turnov. Čeněk Paclt belongs to the most famous Czech travelers. He is also the first Czech, who has provably traveled through all five inhabited continents and has left written evidence about his journeys. Fundamental part of this thesis is focusing on his life and describes his adventures, which he had come across on the five continents. The thesis is written in historical, and employs historical anthropology, which focuses on a single individual in the course of human events, as one of the main methodological approaches. Secondarily, this thesis elaborates Paclt's personality and his view on aboriginal cultures, which he encountered during his travels, and Paclt's relationship towards his hometown is also mentioned. Furthermore, the dissertation touches upon traveling background in Czech nation during 19th century.
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Emil František Burian. Self-presentation, representation and memory
STŘELBOVÁ, Tereza
This diploma thesis reveals the processes of shaping the image of Emil František Burian, the theater director, composer, journalist and playwright in three key headings. The first heading explains the principles of self-presentation and choice of characteristic means to build its external image in the changing personal attitudes and social development in the 30th - 50 years of 20th century. The second heading shows the coordinates of cultural policy communist regime and monitors the construction of public image representative of official socialist culture. Both headings are mainly based on a detailed analysis of Burian's theater activity, broadcasting activities and articles in professional and social printing. The third heading of qualification work pays attention to creating individual memory of a systematic effort to build a "cult of personality" of E. F. Burian. Interpretation biography and memories of actors, directors, journalists and politicians attempts to profile the professional and private life of this artist.
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Joys and sorrows of village through the eyes of village chroniclers on the example of the parish of Bohumilice. Contribution to the history of everyday life in years 1922 - 1948
MALÁ, Vladimíra
This thesis attempts to use a microhistorical and historical-anthropological approach, based on records from still existing chronicles of the parish of Bohumilice, to reconstruct the everyday life of people in this region in the time period of 1922 - 1948. On the background of great historic events and based on testimonies of individual participants from given region, a colourful tapestry of people's behaviour, actions and perception is being revealed. The thesis is divided into six chapters, in the first one the author specifies the geography, economy and development of administration in the given region, the second chapter follows with history of the centre of the parish, the village of Bohumilice, the local church and school. Chapters three to five deal with the state of chronicle writing in the region. At first a description of all still existing chronicles is given, later follows an outline of records in individual chronicles in the given time period, and finally the personalities of chroniclers are presented. In the sixth chapter the author attempts, based on chroniclers? testimonies, to reconstruct everyday life in the village, the behaviour, actions and primarily the perception of its inhabitants.
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X {--} ray exposition parameters for imaging of prehistoric material.
HOLUB, Jan
The research of prehistoric skeletal samples using X {--} ray techniques is now a routine practice. With the development of digital technologies, the process of image is significantly faster, and subsequent processing brings more information that increases the yield of such research. Due to the availability of different systems, it is not clear which technology is the best for anthropological purposes. Moreover, when there is a huge quantity of samples to be imaged, we often obtain poor quality images. That in turn requires us to experiment with the setting of proper exposure times, thus slowing the entire imaging process. The objective of this work is to determine exposure parameters for prehistoric skeletal samples and to evaluate their effectiveness in direct and indirect digitalization systems. A subsequent goal is to compare the devices in terms of operation, quickness and quality of images, and to provide recommendations for the most suitable technology for working with these samples.
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The ideal of "miles christianus" in the eyes of Šťastný Václav Pětipeský of Chýše during the turn of 16th and 17th Centuries
ŽITNÝ, Miroslav
This thesis in historical-anthropological point of view deals with the ways of reception of ?miles christianus? ideal among Bohemian lower noblemen during the second half of the 16th Century. The medieval ideal of ?miles christianus? was revived in connection with new Ottoman Empire expansion in the South-East Europe. The theme is studied in case of Šťastný Václav Pětipeský of Chýše and Egrberk, a chosen lower nobleman. The attention was concentrated on the reconstruction of nobleman?s inner life and changes in thinking during his whole lifetime with additional insight into the history of Pětipeští of Chýše and Egrberk noble family. The paper contributes to the study of everyday life, political activities and thinking of Bohemian lower nobility before the Bohemian revolt in the context of ?new political history? research.
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