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Využití smart farming technologií při hospodaření na zemědělské půdě
Kovaříková, Jana
The bachelor thesis deals with the basic theoretical description of smart farming technologies or precision farming methods in agricultural land management. Precision farming is a trend that has been developing since the early 1990s. One of the elements of precision farming is locally targeted farming that works with soil heterogeneity and tillage using new technologies. Optimizing soil inputs (mineral fertilizers, pesticides, etc.) and applying them according to the current plant requirements is one of the goals of smart farming. Through precision farming agronomic practices, we can increase the efficiency of crop production, reduce the amount of mineral fertilizer inputs and improve both economic and environmental status. The aim of the presented work was to evaluate the variable application of essential nutrients (P and K) on selected plots managed in a conventional way using PREFARM. The experiment itself was carried out in the agricultural company AGROSUMAK a.s., The practical part includes a comparison of lump and variable application of potassium salt (K2O source) and triple superphosphate (P2O5 source) on three experimental plots. Data on plot heterogeneity were provided by AGROSUMAK a.s., which uses the PREFARM system. In the conclusion of the present work, the results are discussed and compared from economic, environmental and agronomic points of view.
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Mapování půdních vlastností a ekonomické vyhodnocení variabilní aplikace zásobního hnojení
Blaha, Jiří
This master thesis is focused on the mapping of soil heterogenity by soil sampling. The experimental part of the work was realized on the arable land managed by agricultural holding Rostěnice a.s. within the research project NAZV QK21010247. Totally 1018 soil samples were taken during summer 2022 in irregular sampling grid in the area of 1 838 ha. After laboratory analysis of soil samples for estimation of main agri-chemical soil properties, a map of phosphorus was computed by using spatial interpolation techniques. The results has shown the high spatial variability within the observed fields. La-ter six variants of nutrient dose recommendation were compared. There were two uni-form rates (UNI_M3 and UNI_BK10) and four variable rates (VRA_M3, VRA_BK10, VRY_M3 and VRY_BK10). The economical evaluation prooved only small differences in total costs of phosporus fertilizers among the variants. However, the optimization of nutrient distribution within the fields based on the spatial heterogeneity and yield level is the main advantage of variable rate application.
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Mapování heterogenity stanoviště pomocí metod a technologií používaných v systému precizního zemědělství
Šmoldas, Radomír
The master thesis "Mapping habitat heterogeneity using methods and technologies used in the system of precision agriculture" deals with the heterogeneity of fields in the selected farm Tršická zeměděská a.s. The thesis begins with literature review which has knowledge critical for practical part of the thesis. At the beginning precision farming and its goals are briefly described. Furthermore, the literature review deals with the issue of mapping the heterogeneity of fields and how to monitor it. The following section discusses global navigation systems. Specifically, what versions do we have and their contribution to precision agriculture. Literature reviews ends on the chapters of remote sensing and geographic information systems. The thesis continues with the practical part, which deals with the heterogeneity of selected fields in the farm Tršická zemědělská a. s. First, however, the natural and production conditions and the equipment of the farm are described. After that the supply of macroelements and pH was monitored on the selected fields, and maps of the supply were created in the ArcGIS program. Subsequently, these maps were compared with the results from 2021. Finally, maps of the recommended rate of variable fertilization of the fields were created for the model crop and desired yield.
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Influence of environment in host cells on heterogeneity of virulence factors expression in Salmonella
Mathéová, Paulína ; Černý, Ondřej (advisor) ; Konopásek, Ivo (referee)
Bacteria of the genus Salmonella are one of the most important human pathogens. Salmonella expresses several virulence factors, including the type three secretion system encoded on the Salmonella pathogenicity island 2 (SPI-2 T3SS) and its effector proteins. SPI- 2 T3SS effector proteins allow the bacteria to colonize host cells, persist there and use them as a Trojan horse for migration throughout the host organism. Although the function of the SPI- 2 T3SS is essential for the bacterial population during systemic infection, some bacteria do not express this virulence factor and benefit from its expression by other members of the population. Similar heterogeneity in expression of other virulence factors has been shown to be crucial for their function. This work focuses on the heterogeneity of expression of selected SPI-2 T3SS effector proteins under the influence of host factors (pH, ROS, RNS) affecting bacteria during intracellular infection of macrophages. Using a fluorescent reporter system suitable for flow cytometry the expression of selected effector proteins was detected at the level of individual bacteria. The obtained data show, that individual bacteria respond differently to the decrease in pH in their vicinity. Part of the bacterial population starts to express the studied effector...
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Heterogeneity of antigen-presenting cells in the thymus and its relevance for the establishment of central tolerance
Sýkora, Vojtěch ; Filipp, Dominik (advisor) ; Černý, Jan (referee)
The crucial function of the thymus is the establishment of central tolerance. In this process, developing T-cells are tested for their self-reactivity, since self-reactive T-cells might cause the autoimmunity if they would escape from the thymus to the periphery. Many thymic antigen-presenting cells are essential for establishment of central tolerance. Their role is to present self-antigens to the developing T-cells. Such presentation is capable to reveal the self-reactive potential of T-cells which can be then directly removed or deviated into suppressive T-regulatory cells. In the last several years, a high level of heterogeneity has been described among the thymic antigen-presenting cells and the molecular mechanisms that govern their functions towards enforcement of tolerance began to be uncovered. This thesis summarises recent knowledge in the field of heterogeneity of the thymic antigen-presenting cells and its relevance for establishment of the central tolerance, with the major focus on conventional dendritic cells and post-AIRE medullary thymic epithelial cells. This thesis also outlines recent advances in understanding of functional mechanisms and regulations of maturation of the antigen-presenting cells.
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Social isolation during Covid-19 pandemic: the perspective of the elderly living alone
Picková, Šárka ; Povolná, Pavla (advisor) ; Lejsal, Matěj (referee)
This thesis concerns the problem of social isolation in older adults living alone. It authentically captures the unique experience of older people during the Covid-19 pandemic. The aim of this work is to understand whether older people think their needs changed during the period of Covid-19 pandemic in comparison with the time before it, and moreover to formulate recommendations for field workers providing health and social services, general practitioners and municipalities with extended powers. This thesis is processed by the method of interpretive phenomenological analysis. The theoretical part presents a view of social isolation in older adults, risk factors leading to it and possibilities of prevention through various social institutions. It focuses not only on the period of the Covid-19 pandemic when the risk of social isolation was significantly influenced by the emergency measures against the spread of the diseases but also on the period before its onset. The empirical part presents the issue of social isolation of older adults during the Covid-19 pandemic from the perspective of the adults themselves. The research survey is supplemented with the experience of experts working with the target group of older adults. The real experience of participants in the research survey shows that the...
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Military training areas as anthropogenic biodiversity refuges
Bušek, Ondřej ; Reif, Jiří (advisor) ; Marhoul, Pavel (referee)
Military training areas are used by armed forces as training territories. These areas are exposed to intensive anthropogenic disturbances. It may seem paradoxical that a number of studies had shown that on those particular areas is often present remarkably high biodiversity and numerous species of conservation concern. In this respect, military training areas are more valuable than most parts of surrounding landscape and thus form true biodiversity refuges. Particularly important are those areas for open habitats species. There are two main causes of uniqueness of military training areas. First, they are closed for any human activities not connected to military training. Because of this, these areas were not exposed to negative influences such as agricultural intensification or urbanization. Second, military activities create very heterogeneous habitat mosaic. This allows coexistence of many species with different ecological requirements. However, biota of military training areas is currently endangered due to abandonment by armed forces caused by downsizing national troops. The end of unique disturbance regime caused by military training leads to gradual homogenization of landscape mosaic and therefore to population decline of habitat specialists. Subsequent commercial development of these areas is another...
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