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Biology and control of weeds in root crops (Solanum tuberosum Wild.)
SAMOHEJL, Petr
In the theoretical part, agricultural techniques in the cultivation of potatoes were described and selected weed species were characterized, those that cause damage not only regarding root crops. Chemical protection is currently considered to be an important and most represented method for the regulation of weed species. It resides in the use of plant protecting herbicide products to limit the population of weed species below the economic hazard threshold. The practical part of the bachelor's thesis is focused on monitoring the biology and regulation of weeds in the cultivation of root crops (Solanum tuberosum Wild.). On an experimental plot of land managed by the Samohejl family near the village of Malešice (district České Budějovice) in the South Bohemian Region. Three potato varieties (Adéla, Belana, Marabel) and three different herbicides (Arcade 880 WG, Mistral and Sencor Liquid) were compared and the yield of tubers of cultivated potato varieties was monitored at the same time. The results showed that the effect was different for each herbicide. Due to their active substance (metribuzin), the small effect of these products was manifested on sow thistle and creeping spider. As a secondary result, the yield of tubers of individual varieties of potatoes in different treatments was monitored, when individual varieties responded to different herbicide treatments and thus provided different yields in these cases.
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Způsoby regulace plevelů při pěstování kukuřice seté (Zea mays L.).
VLÁŠKOVÁ, Milena
Corn is an important crop that is increasingly being applied and expanded in our countries. Due to the cultivation technology, weeding can significantly affect its yield. Weed control is mainly solved by the use of herbicides. One of the main objectives of this method is to achieve maximum effect at minimal economic cost. At the same time, the factor of minimizing negative effects on the environment is increasingly taken into account. The thesis describes the basic characteristics of maize, its basic agrotechnics and the extent of its cultivation in the Czech Republic. The basic characteristics and weed distribution are described, including the possibilities of their control. The actual work deals with the effectiveness of two combinations of herbicides used postemergence on land with different maize hybrids and evaluation of their effectiveness with regard to economic aspects.
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Weed control in minimal soil cultivation
CHENÍČEK, Ondřej
This work monitored weeds in three variants of soil cultivation. In three fields was used different variants of soil cultivation, first of them used disc stubble plough, second of this used stubble plough and third variant used classic plough. In this field test was monitored weedy in single years. In first years was be minimal soil cultivated variants more weedy then classic cultivated variant. In next years weedy go down.
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Plevele v máku setém a možnosti jejich regulace
Olexa, Michal
ABSTRACT The aim of my final bachelor thesis on the basis of a literary overview, was to find out what are the most important types of weeds in vegetation of opium poppy and how to interfere them effectively. There are two type of options, a chemical (by using herbicides) or a mechanical. Mechanical regulation is not feasible either with normally intermedia distance because most of agronoms use chemical way to defence weeds in vegetation of opium poppy. Chemical treatment can be done premergently or post-emergence. Herbicides registered directly for use in poppy are not, because the poppy is not a very important crop. However, herbicides originally intended, for example, for use in maize have been identified. Important is when the app is used. It´s good to start with regulation of weeds when they start to growth. In the vegetation of opium poppy is a big space for a lot of species of weeds.
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Development, causalities and perspectives of cultivation of genetically modified and "clear field" crops in the context of world agriculture.
Němečková, Lucie ; Kuchtová, Perla (advisor) ; Josef, Josef (referee)
The introduction of genetically modified crops raised controversial reactions that divide not only the professional community into two camps. Considering that rapeseed, soya beans and corn belong to the most important crops of the world, significant attention is given to the development of their GM varieties. Based on available information, a comparative study was compiled involving the effects of genetically modified varieties of these crops on the environment, human and animal health and socio-economic area.
The cultivation of genetically modified crops is profitable especially for companies developing these varieties and for the growers. However it was found that the reduction of the amount of applied herbicides was not achieved as expected. Additionally a negative affect of the active herbicide substances on the environment and human and animal health has been shown. There is a positive impact of the reduction in carbon dioxide emissions due to less frequent entries into the stands. Feeding with GM products also manifested in negative way. There is a very risky possibility of crossing and emergence of resistant weeds, in particular rape and related species as well. The reduction of biodiversity, which is often discussed, was not confirmed in all cases. The changes in the microbial community in the soil have been demonstrated. The coexistence of GM crops with conventional agriculture, and even more ecological agriculture has been shown as problematic.
In accordance with the findings, it is recommended to follow the precautionary principles, to follow the varied crop rotation and to target the production to sustainable agriculture, verified by time and experience.
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Chemical weed management in potatoes
Smolík, Ondřej ; Hamouz, Pavel (advisor) ; Holec, Josef (referee)
Presented thesis is focused on the topic of regulation of weeds in potatoes. The advantages and disadvantages of chemical control of weeds are investigated, including the comparison of the results obtained in both herbicidal and mechanical treatments. The core of this thesis is to find out what kind of influence has weeds on potato yield and how is the weed infestation affected be herbicides. The research was undertaken by a field experiment with eight treatments. The first one brought a field completely without any interventions. On the second field a mix of Sencor Liquid (PRE), Command 36 CS (PRE) and Roundup Klasik (PRE) was used. The third treatment was sprayed by Sencor Liquid (PRE), Command 36 CS (PRE) and Pantera QT (POST). The fourth one was treated by both Sencor Liquid (POST) and Titus 25 WG (POST). The fifth treatment obtained only mechanical interventions (machine hoeing). On the sixth one Sencor Liquid (PRE), Command 36 CS (PRE) and Roundup KLASIK (PRE) were applied in combination with the mechanical treatmant. The seventh treatment used Sencor Liquid (PRE), Command 36 CS (PRE) and Pantera QT (POST), again combined with the mechanical treatment. On the last of the experimental fields Sencor Liquid (POST), Titus 25 WG (POST) and a mechanical treatment. Treatments 2-8 were compared to the first one. In this comparison it turned out that the herbicides help on a great scale with the regulation of the weed. By the treatments 2, 3, 6 and 7 the potato yield was three time higher compared to untreated control. Treatments 4 and 8 showed that the application of some post-emergent herbicides can (due to their phytotoxicity) decrease the yield to the level of the untreated plots.
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Zhodnocení výskytu polních plevelů ve vybraných plodinách
Daňhel, Vladimír
The aim of this thesis was to evaluate weed infestation of chosen crops, to compare weed infestation among each crop and evaluate used regulation interventions, eventually to suggest another solution. Evaluation was made in winter oilseed rape, winter wheat and in spring barley. In the winter oilseed rape were found Viola arvensis, Triticum aestivum, Thlaspi arvense, Chenopodium album, Geranium pusillum, Fallopia convolvulus, Stellaria media, Lamium purpureum, Capsella bursa-pastoris, Veronica persica, Tripleurospermum inodorum and Cirsium arvense. In winter wheat were Viola arvensis, Veronica persica, Brassica napus ssp. napus, Lamium purpurem, Galium aparine, Geranium pusillum, Capsella bursa-pastoris, Thlaspi arvense, Chenopodium album, Stellaria media, Matricaria recutita and Cirsium arvense. In spring barley were Viola arvensis, Raphanus raphanistrum, Lamium purpureum, Veronica persica, Thlaspi arvense, Fallopia convolvulus, Polygonum aviculare, Galeopsis tetrahit, Chenopodium album, Galium aparine, Geranium pusillum, and Matricaria recutita. Weed infestation was processed by canonical correspondent analysis (CCA). Finally it was suggested to use different methods for weed regulation.
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Hodnocení jakosti ostropestřce mariánského [Silybum marianum (L.) Gaertn.]
Cekovská, Pavla
The aim of the thesis on topic: "Evaluation of the quality of milk thistle [Silybum marianum (L.) Gaertn.]" was to evaluate the quality indicators achenes milk thistle. To ratings were used achenes Silyb varieties that were grown in experimental plots AGRITEC s.r.o. in Šumperk and harvested in 2013 in a variety of herbicide treatments. In experiments were used the following herbicides: STOMP 400, REFINE 50 SX, BUTISAN STAR, AFALON 45 SC, TARGA SUPER 5 EC, GARLAND FORTE, GLEAN 75 WG + STARANE 250 EC. For harvested achenes were evaluated following characteristics: yield of achenes (g.m-2), HTS (g), germination of achenes (%), content dry matter (%), the quantity of oil, linoleic acid, oleic acid and palmitic acid (%) and the content silymarin complex (%). The obtained data were statistically processed in the program STATISTICA 10.
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Regulation of Weeds in Grown Hybrids of Maize
NAHODIL, Antonín
The degree work describes the biology and morphology of the weed plants, which are found in maize vegetation most frequently, as well as their spreading and possible regulation. Based on the findings acquired, the methods of chemical and mechanical regulation are described. The degree work describes briefly both the plant of maize itself and the process of its growing. The attempt took place on the school farm of the Agricultural School in Tábor; a small plot attempt was carried out at the same place. The frequency of the occurrence of weed species on the selected small plots was evaluated in the hybrids of maize (Zea mays). The degree work contains data on the extent of the occurrence of weeds on individual plots, on which the individual hybrids of maize were compared with one another. It also includes an economic evaluation and possible measures to eliminate the spreading of weeds.
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Biology, presence and methods of weeds regulation on a land planted with permanent grasses.
ONDRÁK, Aleš
This thesis is aimed at biology, presence and methods of weeds regulation on a land planted with permanent grasses. Lately, ruderal weed species have been spreading uncontrollably throughout the lawns. It is very difficult to control their occurrence and also very economically challenging. Therefore, the farms should focus more on the possibilities of preventing excessive weed infestation and they should also define and apply the cheapest and the most favorable precautions. On the grassland, which belongs to the ZD Třebelovice, were observed the most abundant weed species. The weeds which occurred the most were: Taraxacum Officinale, Rumex Obtusifolius L, Ranunculus Repens L., Geranium Pratense L., and Urtica dioica L. The influence of the individual hay cuts on the occurrence of the chosen weed species was monitored. The influence of various herbicides was also the matter of observance. The componential task was to appraise the achieved effect after applying chosen herbicides on the weed species.
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