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Vliv délky a způsobu transportu jiker na jejich líhnivost u hlavatky obecné (Hucho hucho)
BERÁNEK, Lukáš
The success of transporting both unfertilized and fertilized artificially stripped ova of huchen from the farm for up to 5 days was tested. A mixture of ova from 8 females was divided into two parts. The first part was inseminated with artificially stripped sperm (a mixture from several males) on-site (1 hour after stripping), and after rinsing the fertilized ova with water, it was placed in water in a plastic sealable container. The second part of the ova, along with the ovarian fluid, was not inseminated with sperm and was placed in another identical container. Both containers were stored in a thermal insulation box for the following 5 days, including transportation from the site of artificial stripping to the incubation site. The mixture of collected sperm from 5 males was stored in syringes in a separate isothermal box at a temperature of +4°C. Both thermal insulation boxes were placed in the luggage compartment of a passenger car for 5 days. For the ova transported in water, the water was exchanged twice a day. Throughout the first day, both the ova and sperm were transported from the site of artificial stripping to a distance of 350 km to the incubation site. In the following days, the car was driven three times a day for at least 0.5 hour each time to simulate vibrations occurring during transportation. The ambient temperature for the ova during transportation was maintained at 10°C. Samples of both fertilized and unfertilized ova were taken at one-day intervals from the artificial stripping, and after counting and fertilization of the ova with transported sperm, they were rinsed and placed in small incubation dishes with separate water inflows and perforations allowing water flow and preventing the escape of subsequently hatched embryos. Thirty ova were always placed in each variant, with 3 repetitions in all variants. The incubation dishes were placed on the bottom of a shallow flow-through channel supplied with water from a recirculating system with cold-water fish farming. The average water temperature during incubation was 12.8°C. Mortality of the ova was monitored during incubation, white unfertilized or dead ova were removed, and hatching of the embryos was recorded. In the first variant, after stripping the fertilized ova transported in water for one, two, or three days, a hatchability of 32.2 ? 21.1%, 27.8 ? 10.3%, and 33.3 ? 32.1%, respectively, was achieved. After simulated transportation for four and five days, the hatchability decreased to 21.1 ? 1.57% and 15.6 ? 8.3%, respectively. The differences between all the aforementioned parameters are not statistically significant. In the second variant, with unfertilized ova transported in ovarian fluid, a comparable hatchability (34.4 ? 11%) was achieved after one day of transportation, as with fertilized ova transported in water for one to three days. Unfertilized ova transported in ovarian fluid for a longer period (two and three days) showed a statistically significant decrease in hatchability to 7.8 ? 8.8% and 2.2 ? 1.6%, respectively. A 100% mortality rate was found for ova transported in unfertilized ovarian fluid for four and five days. No differences were found in the length of the incubation period due to different methods or lengths of ova transportation. The experiment demonstrated the feasibility of using transportation of fertilized ova in water for several days, with transportation of fertilized ova in the aquatic environment being preferable.
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Vliv podmínek inkubace na parametry užitkovosti brojlerových kuřat
Opavská, Tereza
This thesis deals with the effect of increased temperature during first 36 hours of incubation on embryonic development, hatchability, day-old chicks quality and subsequently on their growth. The chickens of the control group were hatched at a standard temperature of 100,8 °F and the experimental group had increased temperature of 102,5 °F for the first 36 hours of incubation. The growth experiment was performer on 423 roosters of the Ross 308 hybrid combination from hatch to day 31 of age. The day-old chicks from the control group weighed statistically significantly (P<0,05) more than the experimental group. However, at 10 and 17 day of age, no statistically significant (P>0,05) difference was found between the groups. At the 24 and 31 day of age, the average weight of control group was again statistically significantly (P<0,05) higher than the weight of the experimental group. There was no significant difference in the hatchability of fertilized eggs, which was 92,2 % in the control group and 90,4 % in the experimental group. However, the mean embryonic mortality was 1,76 % and the late mortality 2,47 % in the control group, while the mean mortality was 0,71 % and the late 4,17 % in the experimental group, these differences were statistically significant (P<0,05). The difference in the average weight of the yolk sacs, in the proportion of yolk sacs from live weight and in the activity of T3 (thyroid hormone triiodothyronine), which reached 1,38 nmol/l in day-old chicks of the control group and 1,35 nmol/l in the experimental group was not statistically significant (P>0,05). No statistically significant (P>0,05) difference was found in feed conversion. Based on the results, the increased incubation temperature (102,5 ° F) has had a negative impact on the growth of broiler chickens.
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Základy užitkového chovu poštovních holubů a jejich etologie
PITZMOS, Jiří
The bachelor's thesis deals with the basics of commercial breeding of carrier pigeons and their ethology. The aim of this thesis is to determine the economic intensity of closed intensive breeding of medium size pigeons and to evaluate the factors influencing profitability. Part of the research is a breeding experiment in which utility and production parameters such as nesting frequency, hatchability, daily pigeon gains, yield in relation to food intake and ethological monitoring are monitored.
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Role of microorganisms in the evolution of reproductive strategies in birds
Novotná, Lucie ; Javůrková, Veronika (advisor) ; Ferenc, Michal (referee)
Microorganisms are ubiquitous and can be found on the body of birds, in avian nests or may be carried into the nest along with nest-lining material. Microorganisms may therefore colonize eggshells of eggs in a clutch and subsequently penetrate into the egg contents. This so called trans-shell infection has been observed to affect hatching success, cause embryo mortality or subsequently influence hatchlings phenotype. Nevertheless, the probability of eggshell bacterial load or trans-shell infection depends on many factors, including environmental conditions, nest type, incubation pattern, and nest-lining material. Furthermore, some modifications of avian reproductive strategies may lead to reduction of negative effect of trans-shell infections, and significantly improve reproductive success. These mechanisms include incubation, mechanical and chemical barriers of egg, eggshell pigments or using of feathers and specific plants as nest lining material. Based on these findings, it can be concluded that the different reproductive strategies in birds should be a result of strong selective pressure caused by microorganisms. Although many recent studies have supported this assumption, research on this issue still suffers from many methodological shortcomings that must be eliminated in future studies.
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Role of microorganisms in the evolution of reproductive strategies in birds
Novotná, Lucie ; Javůrková, Veronika (advisor) ; Ferenc, Michal (referee)
Microorganisms are ubiquitous and can be found on the body of birds, in avian nests or may be carried into the nest along with nest-lining material. Microorganisms may therefore colonize eggshells of eggs in a clutch and subsequently penetrate into the egg contents. This so called trans-shell infection has been observed to affect hatching success, cause embryo mortality or subsequently influence hatchlings phenotype. Nevertheless, the probability of eggshell bacterial load or trans-shell infection depends on many factors, including environmental conditions, nest type, incubation pattern, and nest-lining material. Furthermore, some modifications of avian reproductive strategies may lead to reduction of negative effect of trans-shell infections, and significantly improve reproductive success. These mechanisms include incubation, mechanical and chemical barriers of egg, eggshell pigments or using of feathers and specific plants as nest lining material. Based on these findings, it can be concluded that the different reproductive strategies in birds should be a result of strong selective pressure caused by microorganisms. Although many recent studies have supported this assumption, research on this issue still suffers from many methodological shortcomings that must be eliminated in future studies.
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Function of antimicrobial proteins in albumen of precocial birds
Krkavcová, Eva ; Kreisinger, Jakub (advisor) ; Kratochvíl, Lukáš (referee)
Antimicrobial proteins contained in the albumen represent maternal effects, including the non- genetic component allocated into the egg during its oogenesis. Especially for species, whose broods are exposed to environmental influences until completation, these proteins play a crucial role in the viability of embryos due to their potential to influence the risk of microbial infection, which is considered one of the main causes of reduced hatchability. Also, it is assumed that these proteins, beacause of their specific traits, may influence phenotype of chicks, especially its size and immunity in the early postembryonal stage. In my thesis I focused on three antimicrobial proteins of avian egg white - avidin, lysozyme and ovotransferrin, which vary in their antimicrobial activity. For a better understanding of causal relationships between the concentrations of these proteins in the albumen and their effect on hatching success or offspring phenotype, a series of manipulation experiments and correlative measurements were performed. These experiments were held on the eggs of two precocial species - Japanese Quail (Coturnix japonica) and Mallard (Anas platyrhynchos). Our results indicate a crucial role of antimicrobial proteins in reducing the risk of bacterial infection and their natural concentration...
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Analysis of the commercial properties of an ostrich
KULÍK, Pavel
This thesis deals with the problem of commercial properties of an African ostrich collected on farms in the Czech Republic. Literature review focuses on the history, origin, economic benefits and also the breeding conditions. This work evaluates the utility of selected properties of ostrich farms in the Czech Republic. The values obtained were well described and evaluated by appropriate methods. Egg-laying farms was observed in the range from 15 to 50 pieces (mean 29.07 pieces), the weight of eggs ranged from 1.22 to 1.89 kg (mean 1.51 kg), fertilization of eggs were in the range from 54.55?86.00% (mean 76.36%) and a hatching rate was in the range of 31.82?52.77% (mean 44.61%). Weight of meat obtained from slaughter ostrich ranged from 30 to 50 kg (mean 39.74 kg), the skin area was in the range from 1.10 to 1.50 m2 (mean 1,34 m2) and the production of feathers was from 1.36 to 1.50 kg.
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