|
|
Neovolcanic Rocks of the SW part of the Most Basin in the area of Tušimice power plant open pit
Sobotka, Martin ; Kachlík, Václav (advisor) ; Novotný, Tomáš (referee)
Diploma thesis deals with geological, petrological and geochemical studies of neovolcanic rocks of the SW part of the Most Basin in the area of Tušimice power plant open pit. There are two lava flows affected by coal mining in northern part of the mine. Petrological and geochemical studies with K-Ar dating relatively recent rocks in mostly weatherworn volcanic rocks showed, that they can be classified as Ti-rich basaltic rocks without olivine (tephrites), which belong to the main volcanic phase in the evolution of the Eger graben. It was evidenced geologicaly and with K-Ar dating, that studied rocks were seperated from underlying beda by hiatus which caused erosion of volcanic rocks as well as crystalline bedrock. Mmajor and trace elements composition of co-magmactic volcanics showed that rock were derived from two slightly different sources of upper mantle. Composition of two samples indicates the formation from low degree of partial melting strongly metasomatic asthenospheric mantle. Chemical features of volcanic rocks show that mantle source was comparamble to recent OIB basalts. Last sample arose from less metasomatized and depth distincted mantle which was affected by higher level of partial melting. Melts from which crystallized both rocks were minimaly affected by asimilation or...
|
|
|
Gold-bearing quartz veins in peripheral parts of the Jílové ore district and their comparison with the orogenic gold type of mineralization
Žitný, Tomáš ; Zachariáš, Jiří (advisor) ; Strnad, Ladislav (referee)
This thesis discusses gold deposit types, reviews historical approaches to their classification, and focuses in more detail on modern classification approaches. A new classification of gold deposits is presented, and the orogenic deposit type is described in detail. All important characteristics and features of this deposit type are presented. The second part of this thesis discusess the geology and mining history of Jílové u Prahy, which historically has been the most important gold-bearing district in the Czech Republic. A number of other, less important gold-bearing areas are located at periphery of this district, but these areas have yet to be geologicaly studied in detail. The Radlík and Zahořany gold-bearing areas are studied in detail in this thesis. Structural measurements in these areas are presented, some of which are from outcrops, while others come from several adits that have been preserved to the present day. Geological maps of parts of some these adits are presented, focusing on those that could be useful for deposit type identification. The thesis goes on to discuss gangue samples, which were studied microscopically, with fluid inclusions in quartz also subjected to study. The final part of the thesis presents a comparison between the orogenic gold deposit type and measured data. However,...
|
|
|
Trace element and Re-Os geochemistry of mantle pyroxenites from the Bohemian Massif
Haluzová, Eva ; Ackerman, Lukáš (advisor) ; Jelínek, Emil (referee)
Mantle pyroxenites are important components of mantle rocks, because they provide important insights into bulk composition and heterogeneity of the Earth's upper mantle and therefore, direct evidence of mantle evolution throughout the Earth history. Studied pyroxenites from localities Bečváry (the Kutná Hora Complex), Níhov, Nové Dvory, Mohelno, Horní Kounice, Karlstteten and Meidling (the Gföhl Unit of the Moldanubian Zone) occur as dykes and/or layers within spinel and garnet peridotites from the Bohemian massif. Whole-rock concentrations of rare earth (REE) and other trace elements in studied pyroxenites yield extreme variability, which most likely reflect: 1) variable garnet/clinopyroxene ratios in bulk rocks, 2) different degree of fractionation of parental melts and 3) different concentrations trace elements in the source host material. Pyroxenites from locality Mohelno (LREE-depleted) may be derived from depleted or only slightly enriched suboceanic mantle. In contrast, pyroxenites from Karlstetten, Meidling, Horní Kounice and Nové Dvory (LREE-enriched) crystallized from the melts derived from enriched mantle source with possibly significant contribution of recycled crust. Studied pyroxenites are characterized by extremely variable 187 Os/188 Os ratios. While the pyroxenites from Mohelno and...
|
|
|
Volcanics of the southeastern flank of the barrandian Neoproterozoic in vicinity of Dobříš
Mráček, Michal ; Kachlík, Václav (advisor) ; Stárková, Marcela (referee)
Diploma thesis deals with geological, petrological, structural and geochemical studies of the most probably neoproterozoic volcanic and sedimentary rocks of the Pičín belt in the area NW from Dobříš, approximately between the villages Trnová and Chouzavá. Volcanics of Kozí hory area, which are demonstrably included into Davle Formation have beeen used for comparison with the Dobříš area. One of the major part of the work includes geological mapping on scale of 1:10 000, which served as a base for a more detailed petrological, structural and geochemical studies. Some lenses of lava and volcanoclastic breccia and minor layer spilite were newly discovered, areal extent of some cherts bodies and basaltic dykes were modified. Basalts, andesites and dacites bodies have been reclassified against the basic geological map of 1:25 000 (Havlíček, 1985; Mašek, 1987). Basalts in the Havlíček's (1985) map actually represent a very fine-grained rhyolites (ignimbrites) with disseminated ore minerals with layers of pyroclastic rocks (ignimbrites, volcanoclastic breccia). Areal extent of andesites and dacites bodies were modified and new body of trachyandesite was detected. Extremely fast cooled grained textures and series of features corresponding to welded tuff (ignimbrites) shows that the tuffs were deposited in...
|
|
|
The origin of podzols and distribution of elements induced by podzolization.
Pánik, Róbert ; Mihaljevič, Martin (advisor) ; Borůvka, Luboš (referee)
Part I. The purpose of this work is to review publications and present a novel approach to the interpretation of available data in attempt to explain process of podzolization. First, we consider all major inputs that affect podzol formation from global to microscopic scale - climate, parent material, vegetation, mycorrhizal fungi, and fire regime in the podzol areas. Important role of fire-produced charcoal in the podzolization process due to its specific properties is also considered. Subsequently, physico-chemical transitions upon the downward progression of podzolization front (i.e., C to Bs, Bs to Bhs, and Bhs to E) are treated, in conjunction with the characterization of secondary phases that precipitate in the Bs horizon, as well as the demonstration of the major role of organic matter in the formation of podzols. Organic carriers exuded by plants and fungi are shown both to decrease mobility of certain elements (e. g., Ca, Al) by the formation of secondary solid phases, and also to increase mobility of otherwise unavailable elements (e.g., Fe) by their chelating abilities. Special emphasis is given to siderophores, group of organic substances that show high and specific affinity for Fe3+ chelation over a wide range of pH. Finally, spatial and temporal trends of podzolization and podzol...
|
|
|
Comparisoon of leucogranitoids from divergent and convergent tectonic settings
Janoušková, Renata ; Kachlík, Václav (advisor) ; Trubač, Jakub (referee)
Granitoid belong to one of the most important rock type in the continental crust, especially in the orogenic belts. We classify them into several basic types, accrording to their mineral composition, petrographic and petrogenetic features, chemical composition and geotectonic environment of their origin. Genetically very interesting type of granitoids, genesis of which is widely discussed in the present literature, are leucogranitoids. They represent, with exception of very old Archaic granitois of tonalite-trondhjemite-granodiorite suite products of extreme differenciation of magmas, which are derived from various crustal and mantle souces, or originate by magma mixing and mingling processes and by reaction of melts with country rocks during magma ascent. According to geotectonic setting of their origin, leucogranitoids can be divided into leucogranitoids, which originate on divergent plate margin, especially on the mid-ocean ridges and in the leucogranitoid, which originate on destructive plate margins - island arcs or active continental margins. The submited work presents petrographic and geochemical characteristic of individual leucogranitoids types, characterizes sources of magmas, tectonic setting and major differentiation processes as partial melting of water and fluids saturated rocks,...
|
|
|
Geochemistry of subvolcanites of Roztoky volcanite complex
Jahoda, Jan ; Jelínek, Emil (advisor) ; Matějka, Dobroslav (referee)
Subvulcanics rocks of the Roztoky volcanic centre consists of trachytic and phonolitic intrusions, accompanied by hypabyssal intrusions of trachybasaltic (essexite, monzodiorite) and syenitic (sodalite syenite) charakter and dyke swarm of lamprophyres > semilamprophyres. Intrusions of the hypabyssal faintly alcalic series (essexite, monzodiorite, sodalite syenite) are 33-28 Ma old, the lamprophyres of greatly alcalic series (monchiquite, camptonite) are 31-26 Ma old and the semilamprophyres of faintly alcalic series (gauteite, bostonite) are 28-24 Ma old (sensu Ulrych, 1998). The datas corresponds to the trachybasalt - basaltit - trachyandesite suite of the Děčín Formation and the interval of České středohoří Mts. volcanic activity to (42-16 Ma, Eocene -Miocene). 14 samples plutonic rocks of the essexite-monzodiorite-sodaliticsyenite suite and 10 samples of theirs venous equivalents from (semi)lamprophyres and tinguaites groups were withdrawaled in the Roztoky nad Labem area. I analyzed in detail 5 essexite samples and 6 (semi)lamprophyres samples in those study. I studied the sampels using polarization microscope and subsequently elektron micro-analyzer in the analitic metods laboratory of the Geologic institute of Academy of Science, Czech Republic. All analyzed samples belong to II., hypabysal,...
|
|
|
Strain coupling versus decoupling of mantle and crust during orogenesis
Kusbach, Vladimír ; Ulrich, Stanislav (advisor) ; Vanderhaeghe, Olivier (referee) ; Tommasi, Andrea (referee) ; Whitechurch, Hubert (referee)
Deformační interakce mezi horninami na významném rozhraní k·ra - litosférický pláš' je jedním z hlavních proces·, jejichž pochopení umožní lépe popsat termomechanické procesy probíhající hluboko v rozsáhlých pohořích a především chování kontinentálního pláště během kolize kontinentálních desek. Tato disertační práce obsahuje tři hlavní kapitoly, představující výsledky r·zných geologických metod, využitých při zkoumání p·vodu a deformačního chování peridotitových těles ve spodní k·ře Variského orogenu. První kapitola prezentuje závěry ze strukturní studie Mohelenského peridotitu a okolních granulit· z Náměštského granulitového masívu. Jako jedinou efektivní metodou pro studium vnitřní stavby peridotitu se kv·li rozsáhlé serpentinizaci ukázalo měření přednostní mřížkové orientace (EBSD). V serpentinizovaném peridotitu byly zjištěny dva odlišné olivínové skluzné systémy, jejichž distribuce společně s detailním strukturním mapováním v okolním Náměš'ském granulitovém masívu umožnily vysvětlit reologické chování peridotitového tělesa v prostředí kořene orogenu. V této kapiole jsme se pokusili vytvořit geotektonický model, který popisuje historii peridotitového tělesa v rámci mnoha fází tektonické historie orogenního kořenu. Ve druhé kapitole představujeme výsledky z analýzy serpentinizačních proces· v...
|
|
|
Mafic and intermediate intrusions accompanying peraluminious granites of the Krušné hory Mts.batholit
Holečková, Pavla ; Jelínek, Emil (advisor) ; Ackerman, Lukáš (referee) ; Leichmann, Jaromír (referee)
Mafic and intermediate intrusions commonly accompany Variscan granitoid plutons in Europe. They are documented from different localities of Iberian Peninsula, from the French Massif Central, Schwarzwald, from different parts of the Bohemian Massif, in Romania, Greece, Corsica and Sardinia. They comprise wide petrographic varieties from quartz gabbros, diorites, granodiorites to monzonites. They usually constitute small bodies or veins, they often occur as mafic microgranular enclaves (MME) in granodiorites and in some granites. Dioritic intrusions are characterized by a relatively high amounts of lithophile elements (Rb, Sr, Ba, Cs, LREE), and they are simultaneously high in compatible elements (Ni, Cr, V a Co). Their isotopic ratios 87 Sr/86 Sr are in all compared locations similar and are close to the Bulk Earth (0.704 - 0.708). εNd values show larger scatter, some intrusions have more crustal composition (to -8), on the other hand, another intrusions have εNd positive, that points to a contribution of basic magma. The age of dioritic intrusions differs according to individual locality suggesting more than one magmatic episode. The oldest occur in the French Massif Central (361 - 365 Ma), whereas the youngest are documented in Iberia (312 - 310 Ma). The oldest mafic intrusions in the Bohemian...
|
|
|
Thalium in soils
Fisher, Meir ; Mihaljevič, Martin (advisor) ; Vaněk, Aleš (referee)
SUMMARY: Thallium is a nonessential element, more toxic than mercury, lead, cadmium, zinc or copper. It exists in the two oxidation states Tl+ and Tl3+ . Thallium is toxic to all organisms in both monovalent and trivalent form. In biological processes it can substitute K+ due to their similar ionic radii. In the past it was extensively used for medicinal purposes and as a rodenticide. In the present there are over 150 uses and potential applications for thallium and its compounds. Thallium is generally present in very low concentrations (less than 1 mg.kg-1 ), however, in artificially polluted areas (in the vicinity of power plants, cement factories, smelting works, sulphide ore wastes from mining activity and others) it may exceed much higher levels. The amount of thallium of natural origin strongly depends on the lithology of the parent rock on which soil was derived. Detection of thallium in soils is usually performed by ICP-MS. The total intake of thallium should be less than 5µg per day, but no recommended maximum values are available in the present time in most countries. Different soil properties can influence the behavior of thallium. Through uptake by plants thallium is entering the food chain. Plant varieties and plant parts differ in the degree of uptake and accumulation of thallium, thus, in...
|
guest ::
