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Genetic factors of familial hyperlipidemia and prevention of cardiovascular diseases
Todorovová, Veronika ; Češka, Richard (advisor) ; Blaha, Vladimír (referee) ; Karásek, David (referee)
Familial hyperlipidemias are still a current cause of premature development of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD). Heredity plays an important role in the development of these diseases. Genetic testing helps to specify a definite variant of a given disease and thus the degree of genetic family burden. Together with the clinical examination, it defines the exact diagnosis of the patient and reduces the risk of developing ASCVD in individual specialized care. In the theses, we focused on biochemical and genetic differences and their risk factors for the development of ASCVD in long-term monitored patients with familial hypercholesterolemia (FH), in receptor-mediated FH and familial defect of apolipoprotein B- 100 (FDB). Efficacy, safety, and tolerability of therapy were evaluated in a subgroup of FH patients with PCSK9i therapy. Furthermore, the polygenic genetic risk score (GRS) in patients with the APOE2E2 genotype and its influence on the early detection of the development of familial dysbetalipoproteinemia (FD) were analyzed. Receptor-mediated FH patients carry a mutation in LDLR while FDB patients have a prevalent mutation in APOB. LDL-C and TC levels are high in both groups, although levels are slightly higher in receptor-mediated FH patients. APOE genotype and risk factors such as...
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Polymorphisms of nutrigenetics-active genes in Vietnamese and Czech population
Pham, Khanh Ha ; Hubáček, Jaroslav (advisor) ; Freiberger, Tomáš (referee)
This Master's thesis analyzes and compares the allele distribution of some polymorphisms within nutrigenetics-active genes in the Czech and Vietnamese population. The theoretic part of this thesis describes the genes along with their polymorphisms that can contribute to the metabolism of some nutrients or which are long known for their association with the onset and manifestation of some metabolic diseases and other pathologic processes. It also discusses the possible causes of positive selection and its impact on the allele and genotype frequenccy of said polymorphisms. The own research is composed of the processes of DNA obtaining and extraction, genetic analysis' methods including PCR-RFLP and Realtime PCR along with the food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) method. Results of the analyses and questionnaire are statistically evaluated and presented with the aid of tables and graphs. The discussion brings some possible causes for said outcomes. The results show that the distribution of the risk alleles of observed polymorphisms are usually lower in the Vietnamese community than it is in the Czech population especially within: the FTO gene which can predict the development of obesity, the CTF7L2 gene which is associated with type 2 diabetes, in ADH1B which can regulate alcohol consumption and lastly...
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Pathogenesis of nephrotic syndrome in children and predictors of corticosteroid treatment response
Bezdíčka, Martin ; Souček, Ondřej (advisor) ; Doležel, Zdeněk (referee) ; Reiterová, Jana (referee)
Nephrotic syndrome is a kidney disease caused by injury of the podocytes. It can be secondary due to infection, systemic disease or certain drugs, but it may also present as sudden primary nephrotic syndrome without obvious inducer. Current standard treatment has many severe adverse effects. In some patients that are resistant to the initial several-week-long glucocorticoid treatment it is possible to reveal the causative genetic aetiology of the disease, whereas in the rest of them aetiology remains unknown. Those who respond well to initial glucocorticoid treatment and achieve remission may later on develop repeated relapses requiring long-term glucocorticoid therapy. This work describes our original research studies focusing on the improvement of genetic diagnostics of nephrotic syndrome, on the exploration of molecular mechanisms of the second most common genetic cause of the steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome (transcription factor WT1 mutants) and on the search of clinical and laboratory factors that could predict the resistence to glucocorticoid treatment. By combining Sanger and next-generation sequencing (NGS) we were the first to identify monogenic cause in 38 % of Czech and Slovak children with steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome whose samples had been collected for 18 years. The most...
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Different response of maize inbred and hybrid genotypes to drought: analysis of leaf proteome and photosynthetic processes
Benešová, Monika ; Holá, Dana (advisor) ; Prášil, Ilja (referee) ; Pospíšilová, Jana (referee)
Drought is one of the most important stress factors affecting plants. Increasing drought resistance via plant breeding is currently the main approach for improvement of plant productivity and reduction of water usage. Plant breeders and scientists search for reliable and easy methods of the determination of drought sensitivity in different genotypes. A precise knowledge about processes underlying plant stress response and defence against limited water availability is necessary for this. The aim of this study was a detailed analysis of photosynthetic processes and changes in leaf proteome (again aimed especially at proteins involved in photosynthesis) during drought stress. This analysis was a part of a complex project focused on the possible causes of genetic variability and drought resistance in agronomically important crops. Another goal was to analyse whether the measurement of selected photosynthetic parameters can be used for the determination of drought sensitivity per se and/or for the prediction of the response of hybrids based on known behaviour of their parents. Young plants of maize inbred lines and their hybrids were used as a model for this analysis, which was made under conditions of moderate and more severe drought. Two inbred lines which were (together with their F1 hybrids) used...
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Different response of maize inbred and hybrid genotypes to drought: analysis of leaf proteome and photosynthetic processes
Benešová, Monika
Drought is one of the most important stress factors affecting plants. Increasing drought resistance via plant breeding is currently the main approach for improvement of plant productivity and reduction of water usage. Plant breeders and scientists search for reliable and easy methods of the determination of drought sensitivity in different genotypes. A precise knowledge about processes underlying plant stress response and defence against limited water availability is necessary for this. The aim of this study was a detailed analysis of photosynthetic processes and changes in leaf proteome (again aimed especially at proteins involved in photosynthesis) during drought stress. This analysis was a part of a complex project focused on the possible causes of genetic variability and drought resistance in agronomically important crops. Another goal was to analyse whether the measurement of selected photosynthetic parameters can be used for the determination of drought sensitivity per se and/or for the prediction of the response of hybrids based on known behaviour of their parents. Young plants of maize inbred lines and their hybrids were used as a model for this analysis, which was made under conditions of moderate and more severe drought. Two inbred lines which were (together with their F1 hybrids) used...
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Different response of maize inbred and hybrid genotypes to drought: analysis of leaf proteome and photosynthetic processes
Benešová, Monika
Drought is one of the most important stress factors affecting plants. Increasing drought resistance via plant breeding is currently the main approach for improvement of plant productivity and reduction of water usage. Plant breeders and scientists search for reliable and easy methods of the determination of drought sensitivity in different genotypes. A precise knowledge about processes underlying plant stress response and defence against limited water availability is necessary for this. The aim of this study was a detailed analysis of photosynthetic processes and changes in leaf proteome (again aimed especially at proteins involved in photosynthesis) during drought stress. This analysis was a part of a complex project focused on the possible causes of genetic variability and drought resistance in agronomically important crops. Another goal was to analyse whether the measurement of selected photosynthetic parameters can be used for the determination of drought sensitivity per se and/or for the prediction of the response of hybrids based on known behaviour of their parents. Young plants of maize inbred lines and their hybrids were used as a model for this analysis, which was made under conditions of moderate and more severe drought. Two inbred lines which were (together with their F1 hybrids) used...
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Different response of maize inbred and hybrid genotypes to drought: analysis of leaf proteome and photosynthetic processes
Benešová, Monika ; Holá, Dana (advisor) ; Prášil, Ilja (referee) ; Pospíšilová, Jana (referee)
Drought is one of the most important stress factors affecting plants. Increasing drought resistance via plant breeding is currently the main approach for improvement of plant productivity and reduction of water usage. Plant breeders and scientists search for reliable and easy methods of the determination of drought sensitivity in different genotypes. A precise knowledge about processes underlying plant stress response and defence against limited water availability is necessary for this. The aim of this study was a detailed analysis of photosynthetic processes and changes in leaf proteome (again aimed especially at proteins involved in photosynthesis) during drought stress. This analysis was a part of a complex project focused on the possible causes of genetic variability and drought resistance in agronomically important crops. Another goal was to analyse whether the measurement of selected photosynthetic parameters can be used for the determination of drought sensitivity per se and/or for the prediction of the response of hybrids based on known behaviour of their parents. Young plants of maize inbred lines and their hybrids were used as a model for this analysis, which was made under conditions of moderate and more severe drought. Two inbred lines which were (together with their F1 hybrids) used...
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Genetic analysis of hip dysplasia by dogs breeds
Sedláčková, Karolína ; Vostrý, Luboš (advisor)
The researchers' hypothesis: the genetic evaluation of the incidence of dysplasia of the hip in the Czech Republic is rated breeders developed countries. The aim of the work is a literary analysis of possible causal factors that influence the incidence of hip dysplasia by dogs. Furthermore, the objective analysis of the genetic evaluation of breeding in developed countries.
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Options and current practice of determining ferrets paternity (Mustela putorius furo)
Henclová, Tereza ; Sedlák, Petr (advisor) ; Vostrý, Luboš (referee)
Paternity tests dealing with the origin of individuals within breeds. It is an important parameter for those interested in the targeted livestock and lead to the improvement of their breed. This thesis deals with paternity tests used by the animals at the current level of genetic research and their potential application in ferrets form of literary analysis. The literature review is a basic characteristic of ferrets. Furthermore, there are contained basic genetic data, including molecular taxonomy, information, testing and paternity testing paternity insight into carnivores (Carnivora). In the discussion are discussed possibilities of using this test in ferrets.
In addressing the issue of the literature, I found that at present is carried out by PCR (polymerase chain reaction), which enables rapid DNA amplification. Using this method is performed comparing STR trio mother-baby-father. Preferably STR polymorphism is of good resolution, high variability and easy amplification by PCR, but the main disadvantage is the high mutation rate and limited number of markers in a single reaction (maximum 17). STR profiling results are expressed paternity index (Pi). The index is the result of paternity probability calculation that helps us express how big probability of paternity this alleged male. Equivalent expression Pi is the percentage ranging from 0% to 100%. The result is either confirming or disproving fatherhood. This problem is in ferrets yet elaborated and testing is currently not used. Within the current knowledge of the paternity test in ferrets contributed to the improvement of their breed that would reduce the risk of inbreeding, the transmission of hereditary diseases or defects in the next generation and to prevent fraudulent behavior in order to deceive the future owner.
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