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Dietary measures in gastroesophageal reflux disease
Thiel, Simona ; Maruna, Pavel (advisor) ; Horák, Pavel (referee)
The bachelor thesis focuses on dietary measures in gastroesophageal reflux disease. The main aim was to investigate the adherence to recommended dietary measures aimed at reducing the frequency of unpleasant symptoms accompanying this disease. In some cases, dietary measures may help to completely eliminate the symptoms. The hypothesis is that patients with reflux disease do not adhere to these measures. A secondary aim was to test the effectiveness of dietary measures in patients who faithfully follow them. By means of a questionnaire survey, a total of 33 patients were asked primarily about their adherence to dietary and regimen measures, as well as about the nature of their complaints and the level of their quality of life. The results show that almost 70% of patients do not currently follow any dietary measures. On the contrary, patients following a diet showed an improvement in symptoms (reduction in the number of reflux episodes), and some individuals even had no symptoms. Finally, some recommendations that may contribute to the improvement of this issue are described. Keywords: Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease, Dietary Measures, Nutrition, Proton Pump Inhibitors
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Effect of breathing training and DNS on lower esophageal sphincter and back pain in patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease
Jandáková, Vladana ; Mádle, Kateřina (advisor) ; Babková, Lenka (referee)
This thesis focuses on lower esophageal sphincter and low back pain in patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). Common etiological factor of both GERD and low back pain frequently present in GERD patients is diaphragm dysfunction. Diaphragm fulfils respiratory, postural and sphincter functions, all these functions are interrelated which we benefit from in therapy. Theoretical section presents anatomy of the esophagus, upper and lower esophageal sphincters, diaphragm, follows etiology, diagnostic methods and treatment of GERD and LBP as well as common therapeutical approach by means of postural and respiratory physiotherapy. Basic principles of Dynamic Neuromuscular Stabilization and Respiratory muscle training are presented and their use in the treatment of GERD and LBP. Practical section contains a case study of a patient diagnosed with GERD, kinesiological analysis, high resolution manometry of esophagus and therapy focused on diaphragm activation achieved by improving trunk stabilization and by optimising patient's breathing stereotype.
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New diagnostic methods in bronchology
Votruba, Jiří ; Daneš, Jan (advisor) ; Marel, Miloslav (referee) ; Pešek, Miloš (referee)
The aim of this work has been the development and optimization of methods for early diagnosis of lung cancer, their utility and integration into daily practice. Firstly, we developed a device for measurement of endobronchial temperature (thermobronchoscopy) and found significant difference in endoluminal temperature above tumors and infiltrated lymph nodes compared to healthy regions. We further designed an appliance for near infrared spectroscopy of the bronchial mucosa and identified spectroscopic features useful for localization of solitary pulmonary nodule. The use of the appliance improved yield of endobronchial biopsy compared to endobronchial ultrasound. In the next part of the study, we describe further techniques for early diagnosis of lung cancer including endobronchial ultrasound, optical coherence tomography, confocal fluorescence microendoscopy, reflectance spectroscopy, autofluorescence bronchoscopy, fluorescence bronchoscopy, and narrow band imaging with concise introduction of our experience gained in several pilot projects. Next, we showed the utility of measurement of acetic acid in exhaled air as a promising biomarker for non-invasive identification of patients with symptomatic acid gastroesophageal reflux. Lastly, we demonstrated significant difference in radiation dose in HRCT...
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New diagnostic methods in bronchology
Votruba, Jiří ; Daneš, Jan (advisor) ; Marel, Miloslav (referee) ; Pešek, Miloš (referee)
The aim of this work has been the development and optimization of methods for early diagnosis of lung cancer, their utility and integration into daily practice. Firstly, we developed a device for measurement of endobronchial temperature (thermobronchoscopy) and found significant difference in endoluminal temperature above tumors and infiltrated lymph nodes compared to healthy regions. We further designed an appliance for near infrared spectroscopy of the bronchial mucosa and identified spectroscopic features useful for localization of solitary pulmonary nodule. The use of the appliance improved yield of endobronchial biopsy compared to endobronchial ultrasound. In the next part of the study, we describe further techniques for early diagnosis of lung cancer including endobronchial ultrasound, optical coherence tomography, confocal fluorescence microendoscopy, reflectance spectroscopy, autofluorescence bronchoscopy, fluorescence bronchoscopy, and narrow band imaging with concise introduction of our experience gained in several pilot projects. Next, we showed the utility of measurement of acetic acid in exhaled air as a promising biomarker for non-invasive identification of patients with symptomatic acid gastroesophageal reflux. Lastly, we demonstrated significant difference in radiation dose in HRCT...
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Diaphragm in the role of external esophageal sphincter - spirometric - manometric study
Veličková, Barbora ; Bitnar, Petr (advisor) ; Šnajdauf, Martin (referee)
The aim of this thesis is to present a complex information about the etiology, diagnosis and treatment of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) and to further elucidate the function of the diaphragm as the external esophageal sphincter and as a part of the antireflux barrier in patients with GERD. The study included 87 patients with verified GERD. Patients were subjected to a set of postural and respiratory maneuvers - caudal position of chest, abdominal breathing and measuring of the maximal respiratory pressures, all performed on the basis of tolerance to position and maneuver. The high-resolution manometry (HRM) was chosen to record the changes in pressure in the lower esophageal sphincter and for the measurement of respiratory pressures was used the spirometric system MasterScope. It was found that postural and respiratory maneuvers, that activate the diaphragm, increase the pressure in the EGJ. The most significant increase occurred during the maximal inspiratory maneuver, which increased LES pressure up to 261.2 %. The results also show that patients with GERD have reduced the strength of respiratory muscles, especially inspirational muscles. Reaching only 66.5 % of predicted PImax. We have demonstrated that patients with GERD have significantly lower diaphragm muscle strength, what...
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