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Plant adaptation to climate change
Koláříková, Veronika ; Münzbergová, Zuzana (advisor) ; Sklenář, Petr (referee)
Climate change represents important selective force for plants. They have to deal with this change otherwise they are facing the risk of extinction. Understanding the mechanism which plants use to avoid the risk is essential for effective conservation of biodiversity. The climate change can exceed the tolerance of plants to abiotic factors. The plants can react to the changes by migration, phenotypic plasticity, evolutionary adaption or by a combination of these strategies. Phenotypic plasticity and evolutionary adaption are manifested by a change of physiology, morphology and/or phenology of plants. This work summarizes the findings of these ecological and evolutionary strategies and also presents methods used for studying species response to climate change. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)
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Optical properties of the leaf in relation to its anatomical traits
Neuwirthová, Eva ; Albrechtová, Jana (advisor) ; Tomášková, Ivana (referee) ; Písek, Jan (referee)
Plant functional traits at the leaf level are commonly used to predict ecosystem responses to environmental factors and describe global climate change processes at the ecosystem level. Plant functional traits include both leaf biophysical traits (e.g., photosynthetic pigment content and water content) and structural traits (e.g., leaf thickness and proportion of photosynthetic and non-photosynthetic tissues). Leaf biophysical and structural traits can be detected either destructively in the laboratory or non-destructively using leaf optical properties. Although estimating chlorophyll content from leaf optical properties is a well-established methodology, the influence of leaf structure and internal anatomy on leaf optical properties has only been thoroughly studied in the last two decades. The papers included in my thesis and my thesis itself are mostly focused on the study of typical European deciduous trees of temperate and hemiboreal forests with leaves having a dorsiventral structure (i.e., the mesophyll is differentiated into palisade and spongy parenchyma). Furthermore, my thesis includes a study on the effect of leaf surface structural traits on optical properties. In this study, two groups of phylogenetically close herbs with comparable internal leaf structure were used (mutants of...
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Assessment of vegetation phenology using Sentinel-2 time series data
Danilchyk, Tatsiana ; Štych, Přemysl (advisor) ; Bohovic, Roman (referee)
This work aims to evaluate the detection of phenological phases of vegetation based on phenometric parameters according to archival Sentinel-2 data in the selected areas over the period 2018-2020. The first part of the work describes literature review of the relevant publications, which is followed by the description of the suggested methodology. Then, there are the results with the graphic material and description for each monitored site. In the final part of the work, advantages and disadvantages of the developed algorithm are discussed followed up by suggestions for future research and improvement. The developed algorithm consists of two parts. Masking out cloudy and cloud shadow pixels and generation on the vegetation indices time series is done in the GEE platform. The time series analysis and detection of SOS and EOS as well as statistical analysis are done in the R environment. The study areas of size 20 x 20 m represent different species of perennial vegetation across the Czech Republic. For the assessment of the phenophases detection are selected NDVI, RENDVI, NDRE, NDMI and MCARI. The Asymmetric Gaussian function and Double Logistic function are fitted to the time series of each vegetation season in each tested site, the phenology metrics are derived based on threshold or derivatives...
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How does the current climate change affect the phenology and physiology of selected Central European flood-plain forest tree species?
Vokálová, Karolína ; Lhotáková, Zuzana (advisor) ; Konrádová, Hana (referee)
Floodplain forests are biodiversity-rich ecosystems found in many parts of Central Europe near watercourses and are part-time flooded during the course of the year. Floodplain forests are currently facing changes in environment related to climate change, for example increasing temperature and drought, elevated CO2 levels and excessive flooding. Woody plants respond to these changes by shifting the spring phenological phases, increasingly earlier onset of bud break occurs among different tree. Furthermore, there are various physiological, anatomical and morphological adaptations to these changes, through which plants try to avoid their damage. The plant response to changing environment is influenced by many endogenous factors, such as the degree of tolerance to flooding, the type of wood structure, position of a species on the isohydry-anisohydry scale or plant age, in addition to external factors, to which an extent of stress factor effect and its duration belong. In the future, a further increases in the average temperature, the CO2 concentration in the atmosphere and above-average flooding are expected, therefore it is important to understand the complex reactions and adaptations of floodplain forest trees to these changes in order to manage effectively these ecosystems.
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Vliv klimatu na termíny fenologických fází vybraných živočišných druhů
Tarrová, Adéla
Thesis on "Climate Impact on the Terms of Phenological Phases of Selected Animal Species" examines climate change and its impact on the shift of phenological terms of selected birds population in a long-term period. It also examines the interdependence between phenological terms of selected bird species. Finally, it also focuses on the relationship between managed (fruit trees) and unmanaged ecosystems (bird species). The study is based on the data which were monitored at three sites in southern Moravia during the years 1961 - 2012. The data were compared between each other in time series. The results show a significant increase of temperature in the monitored period with an evident impact on the earlier onset of selected phenological terms. Similarly, the relationship between the individual phenological dates of managed and unmanaged ecosystem is also evident.
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Vliv průběhu počasí a délky fenofází na výnos vybraných polních plodin
Piroltová, Zdenka
The thesis is dealing with phenophases of winter wheat and spring barley. It assesses influence of the sum of active temperatures and the sum of effective temperature on the length of period between commencement of early mil ripeness and hard dough ripeness. Monitoring undertaken at the fields around Cholina village between years was used as foundation for this thesis. Phenological monitoring as well as weather data fron weather station of Czech Hydrometeorological Institute in Luká was used for analysis. In this thesis, data about winter wheat yield and spring barley yield from station of Central Institute for Supervising and Testing in Agriculture in Věrovany werw also used. Analysis was carried out in during twenty yares of monitoring. Evaluation of data shows that earlier commencement of mentioned phenophase does not occur, but begin vary considerably.
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Monitoring mikroklimatu pšenice seté pro fytopatologické a fenologické účely
Konečná, Petra
In 2016, a microclimatic monitoring was established in the Žabčice area on the grounds of the School Farm Enterprise, located in winter wheat. Several aspects have been observed, especially relative humidity and air temperature in this stand. The measurements were made at three heights (ground floor, effective height and 2 meters above ground). Measured values of temperature and relative air humidity in winter wheat were recorded during phenological development and their course was then graphically evaluated. It has been confirmed that the structure of the crop affects its microclimate. Furthermore, the occurrence of leaf pathogens was monitored according to the methods of the UKZUZ, depending on changes in microclimate in the stand. Based on these observations, it is possible to predict pathogen attack.
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Fenologická pozorování ve smrkovém porostu na ekosystémové stanici Rájec, Drahanská vrchovina
Mizerová, Lucie
This diploma thesis evaluates the commencement of phenophases considering the changing microclimate conditions in the habitat of Norway spruce (Picea abies /L./ Karst) in a young and a mature spruce monoculture at the ecosystem station Rájec. The phenology of spruce undergrowth has also been under observation. Regarding the methods, above-ground phenology and observation by means of phenocams have been used. The results have been compared not only among themselves but also in the context of long-term averages. Thanks to the fact that phenophases of forest woody plants and herbaceous plants are dependent on climate conditions, the results of long-term phenological observations are a conclusive indicator of climate changes. The results of this diploma thesis can be a contribution to the phenology database.
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Termíny fenologických fází vybraných živočišných druhů v podmínkách změny klimatu
Valigurová, Jana
Phenology is a science discipline that, together with climate science, provides basic information on climate change and its impacts. The aim of the thesis "The terms of phenological phases of selected animal species in conditions of climate change" is to define the concepts of both disciplines and their interconnection in the literature overview for wild animal species (birds) and to investigate the influence of increasing temperature on microclimate of stables. To achieve the goals I used the available literary sources, con-sultations with experts at MENDELU, for the Global Change Research Institute and the Czech Hydrometeorological Institute. One of the conclusions of the thesis is that phe-nology as a study of organisms' behavior in relation to the environment, is fundamental-ly influenced by climate change.
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Vliv klimatu na termíny vybraných fenologických fází rostlinných druhů jižní Moravy
Steinerová, Klára
The bachelor thesis “The influence of climate on the terms of phenological phases of selected plant species in South Moravia“ is focused on phenological phases dates of selected plant species of South Moravia, specifically the phenological phase of apricot (Prunus armeniaca). Phenophases were elaborated by computer model PhenoClim which allowed us to calculate the values of biological zeroes and sum od effective tem-peratures. Phenological and meteorogical data which are necessary for evaulation were available from various experimental stations, especially from the region of south Moravia. The main result of the study was the determination of the smallest variation in the measurement and thus the most probable start day of the individual phase. It mean we can find star day of phenological phase with a specific days variation. The work thesis include also elaboration of historical phenological data for the loca-tion of South Moravia and also field-monitoring of phenological phases on the Pálava in the season 2017/2018.
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