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Infectious complications in chronic renal failure
Kielberger, Lukáš ; Eiselt, Jaromír (advisor) ; Dusilová Sulková, Sylvie (referee) ; Matoušovic, Karel (referee)
INFECTIOUS COMPLICATIONS IN CHRONIC RENAL FAILURE Infections represent a serious problem in chronic kidney disease (cohort and they are) associated with signifficant morbidity and mortality. The thesis originated in the nephrology division of the Department of Internal Medicine I., Charles University Teaching Hospital and Medical Faculty in Pilsen, an institution with a long standing research activity in the field. In the theoretical part of this work, a general summary of infectious complications in chronic kidney disease population is presented. The other part of this work presents results of our research dealing with pharmacoeconomical aspects of cytomegalovirus infection and finally our results in the field of influenza vaccination. The Aim of the first presented work was to evaluate the cost impact of four different strategies for prevention of cytomegalovirus infection after renal transplantation. We provide post hoc analysis of 2 randomized studies performed in our department and calculating direct CMV-related expenses using valacyclovir prophylaxis, ganciclovir prophylaxis, preemptive vlaganciclovir treatment and deferred therapy. To simulate ihe impact of varying prices of prharmacotherapy or diagnostic procedures, a sensitivity analysis was performed. With respect to our results, valacyclovir...
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Pharmacoeconomic Analysis of Direct Costs of Treatment of Migraine Disease
Hárovník, Jan ; Klimeš, Jiří (advisor) ; Fuksa, Leoš (referee)
6 1. ABSTRACT Background: This study is primarily aimed at describing migraine illnesses, the existing patient care algorithm with this diagnosis and to estimate the direct costs of treatment of migraine from the point of view of the health care system in the Czech Republic. In the theoretical part, the basic concepts and procedures of health economics and the health technologies assessment are examined, especially the cost-of-illness of the analysis that is conducted in the practical part, namely just on the illness of migraine. Methods: The cost of drugs used to treat migraine is determined using FNHK (Fakultni nemocnice Hradec Kralove) prescription data. Further, using the data on health care (both ambulatory and inpatient care), these services are being appraised and this way the cost of treatment of a patient with the disease estimated from the point of view of the health system in the Czech Republic. Results: The average annual cost of treatment of one patient with episodic migraine was assessed at CZK 1,182 for outpatient care, CZK 786 for hospitalization and CZK 2,707 for medication. For chronic migraines, the average cost is higher and estimated at CZK 3,321 for outpatient care, CZK 2,745 for hospitalization and CZK 7,415 for medication. Conclusions: The total direct annual cost of the patient was...
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Pharmacoeconomical analysis of multiple sclerosis in the Czech Republic
Grishko, Anna ; Sobíšek, Lukáš (advisor) ; Zouhar, Jan (referee)
Pharmacoeconomics is an interdisciplinary scientific field that serves to guide optimal health care resource allocation. Pharmacoeconomics evaluates costs and effects of pharmaceutical products. Conclusions from pharmacoeconomical studies are used as a basis in the process of registering new medicines, pricing and reimbursement of new and already registered medicines. In addition, such studies are also important for health insurers, patient organizations and doctors. Besides evaluating financial costs, pharmacoeconomical studies evaluate non-financial outcomes, for example, effects on the patient's quality of life. The aim of this bachelor thesis is to applicate Continuous-Time Markov Model on clinical data of patients with multiple sclerosis in Czech Republic. In this thesis, disease progression models for two distinct groups of patients are compared. The disability progression in multiple sclerosis affects the costs of illness and increases the overall economic burden of disease. One of the goals of this study is to find out whether early treatment with disease modifying drugs is able to delay progression to functional disability. Furthermore, the research of papers and literature on multiple sclerosis and pharmacoeconomics was carried out.
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Evaluation of cost effectiveness of NOAC (New Oral AntiCoagulants) in the indication of atrial fibrillation
Vothová, Petra ; Lešetický, Ondřej (advisor) ; Pažitný, Peter (referee)
In my thesis, in the theoretical part I deal with atrial fibrillation. I also deal with management of atrial fibrillation treatment. In the paper I explain the basic principles of pharmaco-economic evaluation in the Czech Republic, on the basis of which laws these pharmacological interventions are evaluated and who are in the Czech Republic. In the work I present cost breakdown and what are the most commonly used pharmaco-economic analyzes. In the practical part I will apply the theoretical knowledge. I have developed cost utility analysis based on available clinical evidence - randomized clinical trials ARISTOTLE (Granger, 2011), RE-LY (Connolly, 2009), ROCKET AF (Patel, 2011). I made an indirect comparison of the total benefits of NOACs. In the baseline scenario, I have calculated QALY to evaluate the benefits of effectiveness, safety and reduction of mortality. I have also dealt with a bleeding-related scenario. The ICER's greatest contribution to the public healthcare system has shown the active substance apixaban in both scenarios. I added the results and confirmed the clinical results of a recent, robust, retrospective study by Mayo Clinic (Yao, 2016).
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Infectious complications in chronic renal failure
Kielberger, Lukáš ; Eiselt, Jaromír (advisor) ; Dusilová Sulková, Sylvie (referee) ; Matoušovic, Karel (referee)
INFECTIOUS COMPLICATIONS IN CHRONIC RENAL FAILURE Infections represent a serious problem in chronic kidney disease (cohort and they are) associated with signifficant morbidity and mortality. The thesis originated in the nephrology division of the Department of Internal Medicine I., Charles University Teaching Hospital and Medical Faculty in Pilsen, an institution with a long standing research activity in the field. In the theoretical part of this work, a general summary of infectious complications in chronic kidney disease population is presented. The other part of this work presents results of our research dealing with pharmacoeconomical aspects of cytomegalovirus infection and finally our results in the field of influenza vaccination. The Aim of the first presented work was to evaluate the cost impact of four different strategies for prevention of cytomegalovirus infection after renal transplantation. We provide post hoc analysis of 2 randomized studies performed in our department and calculating direct CMV-related expenses using valacyclovir prophylaxis, ganciclovir prophylaxis, preemptive vlaganciclovir treatment and deferred therapy. To simulate ihe impact of varying prices of prharmacotherapy or diagnostic procedures, a sensitivity analysis was performed. With respect to our results, valacyclovir...
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Identifikace a kvalifikovaný odhad nákladů na léčbu cévní mozkové příhody v ČR na základě farmakoekonomické analýzy a návrh alternativního řešení
Pokorná, Hana
Background: Stroke is the second most frequent cause of death in developed countries and the most frequent cause of permanent disability. This way this illness creates high costs for society which should be minimized as much as possible. One of the possibilities is to administer cost-saving drugs which are at the same time from the medical point of view of the top quality and their economic effectiveness can be identified by means of pharmacoeconomic analysis. Objective: The objective of the work is to identify and carry out a quantified estimate of costs connected with the stroke treatment in the Czech Republic. Next is the necessary to confront the results with the alternative solution to the treatment (taking drug Xarelto instead of Warfarin) and to carry out comparison of the both the possibilities from the quantitative point of view. Methods: Costs of stroke treatment are evaluated from the social point of view. From their determination COI method with type of bottom-up approach has been picked out which includes all-life cost-of-illness. For comparison of costs both the treatment vari-ants the Cost-Minimization Analysis (CMA) has been chosen, the results of which shows net cost savings. Data are taken from non-public data of the provider (St. Anne 's Uni-versity Hospital Brno), Institute of Health Information and Statistics of the Czech Republic, Czech Statistical Office, foreign studies and consultations with neurologists as well. Results: Total social costs of treatment of stroke were 12 991 273 843,65 CZK. COI method was used to calculate average costs for one patient with Warfarin in the amount of 1 203 423,68 CZK, in case of alternative treatment with Xarelto in the amount of 1 465 963,32 CZK. Relaps creates the biggest item of the costs. CMA method was used to identify savings when Warfarin is administered in the average amount of 262 539,64 CZK per patient. The hypothesis that Xarelto is more effective from the economic point of view has not been confirmed. Conclusion: Because of high cost of Xarelto, this drug has not beaten the economic effectiveness of Warfarin with lower quality. It is possible to search for savings in other items of identified costs as well.
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Farmacoeconomic analysis of distribution of health care product CoreValve
Chaloupková, Aneta ; Klečka, Jiří (advisor) ; Kouřil, Michal (referee)
This diploma work is focused on using economic analysis methods to compare cost-effectivness of an innovative technology for treating aortic stenosis that is transcatheter implantation of an artificial valve CoreValve by Medtronic with traditional treatments. During the analyses we utilized only publicly available data which are often too general while more specific data might not be available because they do not exist or are not publicly available. This work sets up a theoretical foundation for the analyses, performs the analyse sof the product, PEST analyses and cost analyses. Since pacient's willigness to pay index (WTP) in the Czech republic has not yet been measured for this treatment, it is not posible to confirm the cost-effectivness of CoreValve, even though it has been confirmed in several countries based on the literature search related to this topic.
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Compare the Cost of Breast Cancer Treatment with Conventional and Biological Methods
Falisová, Katarína ; Lešetický, Ondřej (advisor) ; Jankůj, Miroslav (referee)
The cancer treatment is, thanks to new technologies, very expensive, nowadays. According to demographic data and analysis the Czech population is aging, and it is highly probable that these costs will rise even more. Therefore it is necessary to look through pharmacoeconomic analyzes to find optimal solutions of treatment. The goal of this thesis is to clarify the concept of pharmacoeconomics, cancer and breast cancer. Through the use of demographic data the aim is to assess the status of cancer patients in the future, determine the amount of expenditures for the treatment of breast cancer I have used a model patient, suffering this disease, determine the amount and cost of the conventional and biological method of treatment.
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The trajectory of drugs from basic research to the consumer
Novotná, Ivana ; Drozen, František (advisor) ; Šípek, Ladislav (referee)
This bachelor's degree thesis focuses on the trajectory of drugs from basic research to the consumer and after its succesful completion, the consumer can use efficient and safe drugs. The purpose of this thesis is to describe the trajectory of drugs from basic research to the consumer as a complete unit (research & development, marketing, pricing, distribution, advertising of drugs). Key terms, procedures and actors are explained and defined. Great emphasis is placed on understanding the technical passages, so that the reader without pharmaceutical education could join to topic and after reading would able to "absorb" and understand the basic information.
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