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Use of algae extracts in cosmetics
Plášková, Anna ; Rapta, Marek (referee) ; Márová, Ivana (advisor)
This thesis is focused on a preparation of extracts from selected species of algal and cyanobacterial strains, their characterization, a cytotoxicity testing and a use in cosmetic products. The theoretical part contains the review of a taxonomic classification and parameters of algae and cyanobacteria and basic information about used organisms. There is a description of the most significant factors influencing the algae cultivation and production of biomass. Further, active substances of algae and cyanobacteria, which could be used in cosmetic products as UV protective substances, were described. An overview of extraction techniques, encapsulation of active substance into liposomes and particles characterization, antioxidant activity analysis, and cytotoxicity tests is given too. In experimental part, antioxidant activity of algal extracts and chlorophyll a and carotenoid content were determined spectrophotometrically. The long-term stability of extracts was monitored for three weeks. Liposomes were prepared by sonification and encapsulation activity was analysed. The Dynamic Light Scattering method (DLS) was used for analysis of polydispersity and size of liposomes. Colloid stability of particles was determined by zeta potential. Cytotoxicity tests were performed using MTT assay. The prepared extracts, particles and lyophilized biomass of algal and cyanobacterial strain were further used as active substances in the formulation of cosmetic products (type o/w). These creams were tested on human skin.
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Isolation and characterization of natural antimycotics and their potential applications
Dvořáková, Eva ; Hoová, Julie (referee) ; Skoumalová, Petra (advisor)
This bachelor thesis was focused on preparation and characterization of products containing natural antimycotic ingredients. The theoretical part summarizes the current issue of increased presence of mycoses and yeast diseases in connection with the extension of the problem of reduced immunity. Furthermore, the problem of synthetic drugs and antimycotics compared to alternatives of natural origin was described. In the experimental part, selected extracts (aqueous, ethanolic and lipidic) were prepared, characterized and subsequently encapsulated into liposomes. The content of polyphenols, flavonoids and the total antioxidant activity of extracts was measured. In liposomes, the encapsulation efficiency, size, stability and long-term stability were measured. In addition, the antimycotic activity of individual extracts and liposomes against Candida glabrata was studied. For comparison, the antifungal activity of the commercial drug clotrimazole was also tested. Lipidic extracts showed highest antimycotic activity from all of the prepared extracts, which is why these extracts were used to prepare antifungal gels and suppositories. More specifically, lipidic extracts of nasturcium, cinnamon, ginger and liposomes containing them were used. Their antimycotic activity was also tested and confirmed for these preparations. Finally, the cytotoxicity test on the HaCaT human cell line showed that used extracts and liposome particles are safe and that the prepared products could thus serve as an alternative to synthetically prepared antimycotics in the future.
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Isolation and characterizaation of oil from some types of coffee
Vašků, Barbora ; Hoová, Julie (referee) ; Skoumalová, Petra (advisor)
Coffee, extract, oil, phenolic compounds, flavonoids, antioxidant capacity, SPF, critical wavelenght.
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Plant-based cosmetic products
Horváthová, Iveta ; Pavelková, Renata (referee) ; Skoumalová, Petra (advisor)
The aim of this bachelor thesis was studying an antimicrobial activity of selected herbal extracts and their encapsulated forms as liposomes. Furthemore, the thesis focuses on determonation of biologically active compounds, natural pigments and antioxidant activity. 6 kinds of herbs were studied - Humulus lupulus, Matricaria chamomilla, Taraxum officinale, Bellis Perennis, Cymbopogon citratus and Rubus Fruticosus. In teoretical part, the general characteristics of herbs and their use are described, it also includes the description of active compounds, microorganisms and used methods. Practical part is focused on characterisation of herbs from the perspective of antioxidant activity, determination of totaly phenolic content and flavonoids, chlorophyll and carotenoids. For analysis of antioxidant activity, concentration of phenolic compounds and flavonoids and antimicrobial activity aqueous and 20% ethanol extracts were prepared. Based on the obtained results, selected extracts were encapsulated into various types of liposomes consisting egg yolk, soy or sunflower lecithin. Generally, ethanol extracts showed higher content of active compounds. For chlorophyll and total carotenoid content determination the highest content of natural pigments was found in Taraxum officinale. Furthemore, antimicrobial activity of extracts and liposomes against 6 strains were determined - Micrococcus luteus, Serratia marcescens, Escherichia coli, Propionibacterium acnes, Staphylococcus epidermidis and Candida glabrata. The highest inhibitory effect was found in Matricaria chamomilla and Cymbopogon citratus samples. Encapsulation effectivity, size, stability and long-term stability of liposomes after a week and two months were determined. From the perspective of zeta potential all the particles were stable and reached a good encapsulation effectivity. It turned out that after two monts of storage the particles decomposed and active compounds into surroundings were released. Selected herbs generally had high content of antioxidants and active compouds. The most suitable lecithin for encapsulation was shown to be sunflower lecithin.
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Alleopathic potential of plants of hemp (\kur{Cannabis sativa})
KLEJNA, Tomáš
The aim of the work was to compare the effects of germinating seeds, fresh flowers and aqueous extracts from fresh and dried parts (leaves and flowers) of hemp plants on seed germination of model crops - wheat, oats, white mustard, narrow-leaved lupin, white clover and lettuce in laboratory conditions. After 3 days of germination, the total length of the roots and shoots was measured. In individual variants, the relative allelopathic effect, average germination and statistical significance were evaluated. The effect of the distance of germinating seeds from samples of hemp material was also monitored. The effect of germinating hemp seeds, with the exception of oats, has not proved to be very significant. The effect of parts and aqueous extracts of hemp plants was as follows: -statistically significant inhibitory effect of the aqueous extract of the dried flower on the germination of wheat -statistically significant inhibitory effect of fresh flowers and extract from dried leaves of flowering plants on the germination of oats, there is also a statistically significant effect of the distance of germinating seeds from the sample of hemp material -statistically significant inhibitory effect of fresh flowers and extracts of fresh and dried leaves on the germination of white mustard, there is also an effect on average germination values -practically no or stimulating effect on the germination of legumes: narrow-leaved lupins and white clover -statistically significant inhibitory effect of fresh flowers and fresh leaf extract on lettuce germination, again with an effect on average germination
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Sledování imunomodulačních účinků extraktů z helminta na makrofágové buněčné kultuře
ŘEŽÁBKOVÁ, Lucie
The main aim of the present study was to determine the immunomodulatory effects of extracts obtained from the commensal helminth, Hymenolepis diminuta, on in vitro rat macrophages. Here, I tested two types of crude extracts derived from various tapeworm's life stages (larval stages, adults) and excretory/secretory products (ES-products). The in vitro inflammatory model was induced by bacterial lipopolysaccharides (LPS) to compare the results with normal state of macrophages. To monitoring immune response, I analysed the relative gene expressions of several cytokines TNF, IL-10, IL-1; signal transducer and activator of transcription STAT6 as well as IL-17re using by qPCR. The presence of adult extracts caused no obvious immune response of macrophages. The larval extract and ES-products induced an inflammatory response. All three types of compounds derived from H. diminuta reduced the inflammation of macrophages influenced by LPS.
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USE OF COMPLEX EXTRACTS FROM PLANT AND MICROORGANISMS IN FOODS AND COSMETICS
Uhlířová, Renata ; Kovalčík, Adriána (referee) ; Vorlová, Lenka (referee) ; Márová, Ivana (advisor)
The presented doctoral thesis is focused on optimalization of preparation of extracts of various origin (plant and microbial). The influence of extraction agent, disintegration of microbial cells as well as special techniques for enhancement of extraction process effectiveness (ultrasound and microwaves) were monitored. As part of the characterization, considering the source material, the composition of the prepared extracts was analyzed both spectrophotometrically and using liquid and gas chromatography. The most suitable extraction procedure varies depending on the type of material. For herbal samples, the highest content of active substances was achieved when the extraction facilitated by microwaves was used. Contrarily, the optimal method for cyanobacteria is the traditional extraction method, which is carried out for 24 hours at laboratory temperature. The most suitable method for extracting the active substances from yeast was a combination of DMSO, ethanol and hexane. Further, the effect of extracts on microbial cultures of bacteria (E. coli, S. epidermidis, C. acnes) and yeast (C. glabrata) was observed. For cytotoxicity evaluation MTT and LDH assays were performed on HaCaT and Caco2 human cell lines. The antimicrobial tests have demonstrated the antimicrobial, antibacterial and antifungal effect of a numerous extracts, especially the essential oils of Lavandula angustifolia and Mentha piperita. On the other hand, the cytotoxicity tests showed that the most of the extracts were safe for the use in the food industry and cosmetics within a range of up to 10% by volume. To improve stability, the prepared extracts were enclosed into liposomal particles enriched with PHB polymer (0–100%). Using a ZeteSizer NanoZS device, the particles' size, polydispersity index, and colloidal stability were assessed. The cryoTEM was used to examine the particle´s morphology. Liposomes and liposomes with the addition of 20 % PHB (PHB20) were evaluated as the most suitable particles for encapsulation of the prepared extracts. Excellent stability and high encapsulation efficiency were displayed by the produced particles. Genotoxicity testing with SOS chromotest on the model organism E. coli did not reveal any genotoxic effects. As an alternative method to achieve stabilization of active substances, nanofibers from PHB were prepared by three different techniques and gelatin nanofibers by electrospinning. The fibers were monitored for their diameter, uniformity, distribution on the collector using SEM and the gradual release of active substances from the fiber structure. The evaluations revealed that the forcespinning and electrospinning techniques were the most appropriate for further investigation. A continuous release of active ingredients was achieved by incorporating extracts into nanofibers. Several applications of prepared materials in the food industry and cosmetics were designed and developed as part of this work. The base emulsion's stability and general qualities were improved when green coffee and carotenogenic yeast extracts were added. The usage of emulsions containing coffee and yeast extracts would be suitable as sunscreens, and after the addition of Spirulina extract, as day or night anti-wrinkle creams. Energy drinks of the new type based on coffee with the addition of encapsulated plant extracts enable gradual release of caffeine and antioxidants during digestion.
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Plant-based cosmetic products
Horváthová, Iveta ; Pavelková, Renata (referee) ; Skoumalová, Petra (advisor)
The aim of this bachelor thesis was studying an antimicrobial activity of selected herbal extracts and their encapsulated forms as liposomes. Furthemore, the thesis focuses on determonation of biologically active compounds, natural pigments and antioxidant activity. 6 kinds of herbs were studied - Humulus lupulus, Matricaria chamomilla, Taraxum officinale, Bellis Perennis, Cymbopogon citratus and Rubus Fruticosus. In teoretical part, the general characteristics of herbs and their use are described, it also includes the description of active compounds, microorganisms and used methods. Practical part is focused on characterisation of herbs from the perspective of antioxidant activity, determination of totaly phenolic content and flavonoids, chlorophyll and carotenoids. For analysis of antioxidant activity, concentration of phenolic compounds and flavonoids and antimicrobial activity aqueous and 20% ethanol extracts were prepared. Based on the obtained results, selected extracts were encapsulated into various types of liposomes consisting egg yolk, soy or sunflower lecithin. Generally, ethanol extracts showed higher content of active compounds. For chlorophyll and total carotenoid content determination the highest content of natural pigments was found in Taraxum officinale. Furthemore, antimicrobial activity of extracts and liposomes against 6 strains were determined - Micrococcus luteus, Serratia marcescens, Escherichia coli, Propionibacterium acnes, Staphylococcus epidermidis and Candida glabrata. The highest inhibitory effect was found in Matricaria chamomilla and Cymbopogon citratus samples. Encapsulation effectivity, size, stability and long-term stability of liposomes after a week and two months were determined. From the perspective of zeta potential all the particles were stable and reached a good encapsulation effectivity. It turned out that after two monts of storage the particles decomposed and active compounds into surroundings were released. Selected herbs generally had high content of antioxidants and active compouds. The most suitable lecithin for encapsulation was shown to be sunflower lecithin.
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Isolation and characterizaation of oil from some types of coffee
Vašků, Barbora ; Hoová, Julie (referee) ; Skoumalová, Petra (advisor)
Coffee, extract, oil, phenolic compounds, flavonoids, antioxidant capacity, SPF, critical wavelenght.
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Determination of lead and cadmium in fruits and vegetables extracts by atomic absorption spectrometry
Záškodová, Terezie ; Hraníček, Jakub (advisor) ; Červený, Václav (referee)
The content of this thesis was to analyse fruit and vegetable extracts. In the samples, the concentration of lead and cadmium was determine by atomic absorption spectrometry. First, it was necessary to conduct an optimalization study to find the optimal conditions of the method and select the appropriate method of atomization of the sample. It was chosen between flame and electrothermal atomization. For optimization, the following parameters were studied for atomization in flame: beam height above the burner, fuel flow rate, horizontal burner position, spectral interval width and lamp supply current. An optimization study for electrothermal atomization included the effect of atomization a pyrolysis temperature on signal size. Standard lead and cadmium solutions were used to determine the detection limits of the instruments used. The limit of detection in flame atomization was for lead respectively cadmium 0,002 mg/l, resp. 0,003 mg/l. In electrothermal atomization the detection limit was for lead, resp. cadmium 0,026 μg/l, resp. 0,029 μg/l. The experimentally determined values were statistically processed and the lead and cadmium contents were compared with the lead and cadmium limit values that may be contained in a sample of fruit and vegetables according to Commission Regulation (EC) No...
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