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The similarity of the Member States of the European Union in the field of Excise Duties
DOLEŽÁLKOVÁ, Markéta
The diploma thesis deals with the issue of excise duties in the EU. The aim is to answer what extent the EU member states are similar in terms of these taxes. It represents a harmonization process and excise legislation binding on all Member States. The actually excise duty rates in the Member States for 2021 and selected studies that have been carried out on the examination of taxation in EU are presented. The most recent data available from 2019 are examined using discriminant analysis, which makes it possible to determine the links between the variables. It presents the factors that can affect the data and can be used to justify the similarity of EU Member States in taxation.
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Excise taxes in the tax system of the Czech Republic
KNĚŽÍČKOVÁ, Simona
The term 'tax' means a mandatory and statutory payment that flows into the public budget which is non-refundable, non-equivalent and ineffective. The taxes with the matter of consumption are classified as indirect taxes. The tax is applied indirectly to the seller who pays the taxes. The seller adds the tax to the price of a product which means that the tax is transferred to the consumer who becomes a taxpayer that pays them indirectly. The indirect taxes are divided into two sections - general and selective taxes. The consumption tax belongs to the group of selective taxes. Taxes are regulated by the state which determines the subject of taxes, the tax rate and the obligation to declare and pay the taxes. The basic task of consumption taxes is to tax product that are harmful to the environment or human health. The products are mineral oil, alcohol, beer, wine and intermediate goods and tobacco products. The rate of consumption tax is determined according to the degree of harmfulness of the product and it determines the tax rate that is included in the selling price of the product.
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Comparison of excise duty on tobacco products in the Czech Republic and the EU
JÍLKOVÁ, Petra
This thesis is concerned with a comparison of excise duty on tobacco products in the Czech Republic and the member countries of the European Union. Its aim is to find groups of countries with similar indicators, to explore the similarities between these countries and to try to identify the possible effects that may cause differences. The thesis is divided into two parts. The theoretical part is focused on the characteristics of excise duties and primarily on excise duty on tobacco products. It deals with European Commission directives and minimum excise rates. The practical part deals with selected indicators related to excise duty on tobacco products. These indicators are excise duty on tobacco products as percentage of GDP and percentage of total taxation, specific excise per 1 000 cigarettes as percentage of WAP and excise yield in EUR per 1 000 cigarettes of the WAP. The last indicator is cigarettes consumption per capita, which is not included in the analysis. Data is processed by cluster analysis for the years 2003 and 2014 in computer software STATISTICA 12. The task of cluster analysis is to find groups of countries which are similar. The results of cluster analysis are described in the next chapters. The differences of the individual clusters and the possible influences that these differences may have caused are also described in the last chapters.
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Fuel Demand Elasticity on Car Fuel Taxes
Vágner, Dalibor ; Rečka, Lukáš (advisor) ; Khymych, Olha (referee)
The main focus of this thesis is to estimate the fuel demand elasticity on excise tax levied on gasoline and diesel. This work utilizes and subsequently develops the model and data set already published in the literature devoted to fuel taxation. The main contribution is the close analysis of the data from the Czech Republic and following comparison with the results from other countries. Furthermore, this paper extends the model by allowing it to filter out interstate shifts in purchases induced by different fuel price levels in neighboring countries. The relationship between interstate price differences and domestic fuel demand is consequently analyzed. JEL Classificiation C23, H23, L91, Q31 Keywords fuel, demand elasticity, car fuel tax, Europe, price Author's email dalibor.vagner@gmail.com Supervisor's email lukasrecka@gmail.com
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Is a tax policy imposed on cigarettes in the context of the EU effective?
Lichterová, Markéta ; Tepperová, Jana (advisor) ; Tecl, Jan (referee)
This thesis is based on the question, whether a taxation have an effect on consumption of cigarettes. At the first there was needed to find factors which affect the cigarettes consumption. These factors are socioeconomic status of the population or using regulatory politics for tobacco products. Analysis is based on estimation econometrics model of regression analysis on panel data set. The panel data set consist from information about member states of European union for years 2003 to 2015. The goal of the thesis is to find an answer whether the tax policy of member states in according to taxation of cigarettes is effective. It means whether taxation of cigarette have an impact on cigarettes consumption. The analysis show that the explanatory variable for taxation is statistically inefficient. That say that the level of taxation does not affect the cigarettes consumption.
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Mineral oil tax policy in the EU
Miklová, Lenka ; Kubátová, Květa (advisor) ; Hartlová, Alena (referee)
This thesis summarizes the findings of the current application of mineral oil taxation policy in the European Union and individual Member States. Attitude and editing this field from the perspective of the European Union is engaged in a chapter called harmonization of taxes on mineral oils in the EU. Comparative analysis of tax revenues from mineral oils in the EU is the second chapter in which I deal with the taxation of mineral oils in the Member States and their tax revenues from energy taxes, which include revenues from mineral oil. Next chapter competition duties on mineral oils focuses on the development of tax rates on mineral oils, the mobility of the tax base and the related variability in rates over time and between countries. The content of the last chapter named Evolution taxation of mineral oils from the perspective of the European Union, the EU primarily intended changes in the taxation of energy products.
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Relation between alcohol consumption and excise tax
Voráč, Michal ; Dlouhý, Martin (advisor) ; Princ, Peter (referee)
The aim of this study was to explore the relation between alcohol consumption and excise duties concerning alcohol. After a short presentation of alcohol itself we mentioned the possibilities of econometrics and in the following part we used econometric modelling for our estimates. We satisfactorily explained the consumption of wine and the change in consumption of spirits in reaction to change of excise duties concerning it. We made conclusion that at least the consumption of spirits can be affected by excise duties.
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Modelling Impacts of the Ecological Tax Reform and Possible Ways of its Further Progress
Koderová, Alena ; Kubátová, Květa (advisor) ; Vítek, Leoš (referee) ; Široký, Jan (referee)
The main objective of the thesis is to identify appropriate approach to evaluation of impacts of the first phase of the ecological tax reform in the Czech Republic, its consequent adaption and application for the particular purpose. The input-output analysis has been found as the most convenient solution for such a sort of analysis. The analysis has been used for the evaluation of impacts on final production prices of each NACE sector resulting from introduction of new taxes on electricity, solid fuels, natural gas and some other kinds of gases in the Czech Republic. Because of unavailability of information about the final impact of taxes on particular objects in the economy, the analysis is conducted on the basis of five incidence assumptions about the impact of taxes on distributors and customers. While the aforementioned analysis is the essential chapter of the thesis, the work starts with a theoretical introduction related to optimal tax theories and theories about possible positive effects of environmental tax implementation. Additionally, energy tax implementation in the Czech Republic and in the European Union is mentioned. Furthermore, an important starting point in finding the most convenient model was to summarize various approaches to modelling energy tax impacts on the economy. Therefore, theoretical description of particular models is provided when history of the models, type of equations and dependences in the model are described. Moreover database requirements and possibilities to use the model for another purpose are discussed. The thesis also comprises of the analysis of pros and cons and additional important characteristics of relevant models together with the summary for which purpose was the particular model used in the Czech Republic. The introduction of energy tax in the Czech republic on the final production prices was proved to be unimportant and with only exceptions (namely the sector of production and distribution of electricity, natural gas and water) an increase in final production prices does not exceed 0,2 % and for a half of all the sectors the increase does not exceed 0,1 %.
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