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Media without virtue? Ethical aspects of the digital structural transformation of the public
Vizina, Petr ; Štica, Petr (advisor) ; Ovečka, Libor (referee)
The thesis is an attempt to capture some of the ethical and social challenges posed by the digital structural transformation of the public. In the text I develop the idea of the social doctrine of the Church, which considers media as a means of communication as a gift from God. The paper investigates whether and how this fundamental aspect of Christian social ethics can be considered in the context of the fundamental transformation of social and individual communication during digital structural change. The thesis aims to explore how and where classic norms of journalism such as impartiality, balance and factuality on the part of the media are shifting and changing in a new context, in the context of the spread and availability of digital technologies and how digital platforms have transformed the production and dissemination of media content. Questions around the economic and knowledge asymmetries associated with the development of communication technologies, and the social and ethical implications for the actions of individuals and communities are part of the consideration. Okomentoval(a): [EB1]: Nad tímto odstavcem chybí podle mě volný řádek, podobně níže u Keywords
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Nietzsche's Will to Power
Štolc, Jaroslav ; Sousedík, Prokop (advisor) ; Prázný, Aleš (referee)
Master's thesis focuses on the potential relationships between the philosophy of Friedrich Nietzsche and the ideology of Nazism. With an approach that emphasizes the complexity and wide range of this issue, the study strives to analyze Nietzsche's texts and interpret them in the context of Nazi ideology. The work is structured into four chapters, focusing on Nietzsche's philosophical concepts, ethics, critical views on his philosophy from other authors, and political aspects of his ethics. The key point is Nietzsche's ethics and its potential connections with Nazism. This work attempts to provide a deeper and more objective view of Nietzsche's philosophy, thereby contributing to a better understanding of his work and possible correlations with Nazi ideology.
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Implementace nástrojů AI ve výuce na univerzitách
Provazník, Valentýna
Článek zkoumá historii umělé inteligence (AI) a klíčové milníky jejího vývoje, od počátků během druhé světové války až po současnou éru hlubokého učení. AI je definována jako obor, který se snaží napodobit lidské kognitivní schopnosti. Článek zdůrazňuje pokroky v oblasti hardwaru, software a myšlenkových konceptů, které vedly k rozvoji AI. Dále se věnuje etickým otázkám spojeným s používáním AI, včetně bezpečnosti a soukromí, vlivu na lidské rozhodování a zlenivění uživatelů. Text zdůrazňuje, že AI má potenciál zkvalitnit vzdělávání a pomoci učitelům a studentům v různých oblastech. Nicméně je také nutné řešit etické a bezpečnostní otázky spojené s používáním AI ve vzdělávání. Článek také poukazuje na globální snahy, jako jsou standardy etiky AI od UNESCO a Národní strategie pro AI v České republice. V závěru jsou diskutovány zásady etiky pro umělou inteligenci ve vzdělávání a potřeba zavést rizikové postupy pro zajištění kvality AI ve vzdělávání.
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The Role of Public Editors in a Comparative Perspective
Makhinchuk, Yuliia ; Moravec, Václav (advisor) ; Součková, Barbora (referee)
The bachelor thesis The Role of Public Editors in a Comparative Perspective examines the position of ten ombudsmen from the Czech Republic, the Netherlands, Canada, Portugal, and Denmark. Using a qualitative method of semi-structured interviews conducted with ten respondents representing television, radio, print and online media, it finds out, which of the two models proposed by Dutch media theorists Arjen van Dalen and Mark Deuz they lean towards. The results show that a minority of ombudsmen fall under the definition of the reader's advocate, so the majority represent the paper's ambassador. However, the interviews show that this model does not sufficiently reflect reality, as each medium and ombudsman has a different nature. The findings further show that the rise of social media and misinformation puts ombudsmen in a position where they must not only explain editorial practices to audiences, but also defend certain journalists.
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Aristotle's ethics from the position of Anglo-Saxon thought
Kubica, František ; Hogenová, Anna (advisor) ; Blažková, Miloslava (referee)
The thesis deals with the ethical philosophy of ancient thinker Aristotle and with the development of this philosophy in later periods. The thesis is divided into four chapters, in which the author deals first with Aristotle's ethics, next describes how this ethics changed in Epicureanism, Stoicism and Christianity - in the works of Augustin Aurelius and Thomas Aquinas. In the third part the thesis focuses on decline of Aristotelian ethics and rise od I. Kant's ethics. Finally in the last chapter, the thesis deals with the revival of Aristotelian ethics in the works of A. MacIntyre. The thesis is written from the point of view of the Anglo-Saxon thought. That is reflected in its structure and the choose of literature.
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Ethics of Artificial Intelligence in Kazuo Ishiguro's Klara and the Sun
Fenclová, Barbora ; Topolovská, Tereza (advisor) ; Ženíšek, Jakub (referee)
The aim of this thesis is to examine the ethical dilemma of artificial intelligence as represented in Kazuo Ishiguro's novel Klara and the Sun (2021). The theoretical part of the thesis delves into the topics of AI and its forms, the ethical questions arising from the existence of AI and the connection of AI and ethics with science fiction in general. The practical part of the thesis assesses Klara and the Sun with regard to the topics described. The argument of the thesis mainly focuses on the line which may be drawn between sentient AI and humanity and the ethical dilemmas raised by this notion.
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Legal and ethical aspects of human organ and tissue transplantation
Kubíková, Natálie ; Salač, Josef (advisor) ; Šolc, Martin (referee)
1 Abstract Legal and ethical aspects of human organ and tissue transplantation The topic of this thesis is Legal and ethical aspects of human organ and tissue transplantation. It provides an overview of current legislation related to the issue of transplantation of human organs and tissues. Subsequently, it analyzes the most basic ethical dilemmas, which are faced by the professional and lay public in connection with the legal regulation of the transplantation process, then supplements them with the author's view of the matter, including recommendations de lege ferrenda. The thesis is divided into six chapters, including the introduction and conclusion; the chapters are further divided into individual subsections. The information used to write this thesis was obtained from academic literature in the form of monographs, commentaries, academic articles, jurisprudence and legal regulations, including their explanatory reports. Furthermore, the text is based on internet sources and the podcast of the Institute of Clinical and Experimental Medicine. The aim of this work is to analyze the legal situation, outline the basic ethical questions, including the arguments that are connected with them, and then bring them into confrontation with contemporary legislation through considerations de lege ferrenda....
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Communication about radiation risks in civil protection from the perspective of ethics
DVOŘÁKOVÁ, Žaneta
The present thesis examines the ethical perspective of communicating radiation risks in civil protection. The objective was to determine to what extent and how ethical principles are considered in communicating radiation risks in civil protection. The theoretical part of the thesis apply information to ionising radiation, radiation risks, and the principles and means of radiation protection. It also describes the communication and ethical principles and practices in communication and radiation protection are described therein. The scope of this part of the thesis includes the protection of the population in emergencies. The practical part of the thesis focuses on public awareness of radiation risks and whether ethical principles are used in communicating them. A quantitative research method, namely a questionnaire survey involving 142 respondents, was used to analyse the goals and objectives of the practical part of the thesis. The questionnaire was distributed electronically to residents living near a nuclear facility or in the emergency plan zone of a nuclear power plant. The research results are presented as graphs. The evaluation of the questionnaire results has revealed that the level of public awareness of radiation risks is acceptable. The results also indicate that ethical principles are applied in the communication process. However, some of the respondents found the questions on ethics difficult, possibly due to their lack of knowledge in this area. Nevertheless, they were helpful for the research.
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