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Current possibilities and resources of enteral nutrition
Hrnčířová, Naďa ; Heczková, Jana (advisor) ; Meisnerová, Eva (referee)
0BABSTRACT This thesis is focused on enteral nutrition. This issue is an integral part of intensive and resuscitation care, but it is also a part of standard and follow-up care. There are more and more new resources and the products for enteral nutrition are improving. The theoretical part deals with malnutrition, discusses the different components of nutrition. Much of the thesis forms ways of application of nutrition. The issue is a nasogastric tube, a nasojejunal tube, percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy, percutaneous endoscopic jejunostomy, feeding button or sipping. There are further expanded the introductions, nursing care, indications and contraindications of these options. The following chapters analyse the modes of enteral feeding, advantages and disadvantages of enteral nutrition compared to parenteral. The practical part is focused on research using anonymous questionnaires in the area of enteral nutrition. The survey was conducted in four departments of three teaching hospitals in Prague. It was focused on nurses and paramedics in medical intensive metabolic care units. The survey had 73 respondents. The aim was to identify the mode of feeding that nurses prefer and how they apply it, analyze the extent to which the nurses actively involve themselves in this, how they are oriented in...
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Conservative Treatment of Acute Pancreatitis and Use of Enteral Nutrition
Česák, Vojtěch ; Rušavý, Zdeněk (advisor) ; Kvapil, Milan (referee) ; Sobotka, Luboš (referee)
Acute pancreatitis is a disease which can present in a mild or severe form. In the last few years, the incidence of acute pancreatitis has been steadily rising. The treatment of severe cases is complex and nutrition is one of the key treatment factors. Enteral and parenteral nutrition are documented parts of acute phase treatment included in many guidelines. However, there is a controversy about the timing of initiation of peroral nutrition after the acute phase of severe pancreatitis has resolved. This dissertation shows the results of monocentric prospective randomized trial which compares the safety and effectivity of peroral nutrition compared to enteral nutrition in patients with severe acute pancreatitis during hospitalization as well as in long term after hospital discharge. Patients with severe acute pancreatitis were randomized into two groups - enteral nutrition versus peroral nutrition. The randomized nutrition strategy was initiated within the first 14 days of hospitalization. We monitored the length of hospital stay, tolerance of nutrition, complications, body weight and nutrition parameters. The two groups did not differ significantly in the length of hospital stay. The number of complications was similar between the groups, there was no significant difference in the rate of acute...
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Complications of tube enteral feeding in inflammatory intestine diseases
Polachová, Monika ; Meisnerová, Eva (advisor) ; Šatný, Marek (referee)
The diploma thesis is devoted to complications of enteral nutrition in patients with idiopathic inflammatory bowel diseases. The incidence of these diseases has increased in recent years. Nutritional support is an important part of the treatment and the possibility of improving the nutritional status of patients, which plays an important role in responding to other forms of treatment itself or in pre-operative preparation. All forms of artificial nutrition might also cause certain complications. The subject of this work is to observe the complications of enteral nutrition, their solutions and the possibilities of their prevention.
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Crohn's disease exclusive enteral nutrition treatment during childhood
Černá, Martina ; Starnovská, Tamara (advisor) ; El-Lababidi, Nabil (referee)
This bachelor thesis focuses on the problems of Crohn's disease and its treatment with exclusive enteral nutrition in childhood. The thesis is divided into two parts - theoretical and practical. The basic facts about epidemiology, etiopathogenesis, symptoms, diagnostics, diet, treatment and the specifics of Crohn's disease in childhood are given in the theoretical part. The practical part looks at the five casuistries of children suffering from Crohn's disease and treated with exclusive enteral nutrition. The goal of this work was to compare the information from literature and furthermore evaluate the health conditions before and after the treatment.
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Nursing care for a client with percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy at the Department of Subsequent Care.
CHADOVÁ, Anna
The bachelor thesis has been divided into a theoretical and a practical part. The theoretical part dealt with enteral nutrition, percutaneous endoscopic gastronomy. The theoretical part is concluded by a chapter about nursing clients with PEG probe. The practical part contains two aims. The first aim was to map out specifications of nursing clients with percutaneous endoscopic gastronomic probe. The second aim was to find out what problems there are in nursing clients with PEG probe from the nursing staff perspective. Two reseach questions were posed: Question number 1 was focused on the specifications of nursing clients with PEG probe. Question number 2 aims at problems in nursing perceived by nursing staff in clients with PEG probe. The empirical part of the bachelor thesis was processed via a qualitative research survey, using semi-structured interviews and involved observation. Interviews were carried out with eight probants in the aftercare department. Results have proven that interviewed probants manage PEG client nursing using a PEG probe. They manage to nurse the injection spot, serve nutrition and medication through the PEG probe. Problems have been spotted in sucking stomach content away, and client positioning before nutrition serving. Further, the research has proven that probants stated PEG probe blocking as one of the most frequent complications, together with an inflammation of the injection spot, everything was consulted with a doctor. The results of this bachelor thesis could be used for purposes of educational seminars in aftercare department, thus increasing nurses´ awareness as well as imporvement in PEG probe client nursing
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The role of Nutritional Therapist in Education of Patients with Enteral Feeding Tubes
Dvořáková, Martina ; Meisnerová, Eva (advisor) ; Novotný, Aleš (referee)
Enteral nutrition is the only way for many patients to ensure a sufficient supply of nutrients. The bachelor thesis describes the indications as well as the contraindication of enteral nutrition. The chapter on composition of individual nutrition and possible application techniques is also included. I mention the possible complications associated with enteral nutrition, too. The greater part is then devoted to percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG). Enteral nutrition is for many patients only possibility how to survive. During my long practice on the gastroenterology clinic, I have found that there is insufficient educational material for patients with established PEG who are leaving home. Educating these patients how to apply enteral nutrition at home and take care of the probe is in our facility in the competence of a nutritional therapist because of the workload of nurses and their little experience with PEG. The aim of the empirical part was to create a clear educational material for patients, but also for the lower PEG care staff. Keyword: enteral nutrition, tube, percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy
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Conservative Treatment of Acute Pancreatitis and Use of Enteral Nutrition
Česák, Vojtěch ; Rušavý, Zdeněk (advisor) ; Kvapil, Milan (referee) ; Sobotka, Luboš (referee)
Acute pancreatitis is a disease which can present in a mild or severe form. In the last few years, the incidence of acute pancreatitis has been steadily rising. The treatment of severe cases is complex and nutrition is one of the key treatment factors. Enteral and parenteral nutrition are documented parts of acute phase treatment included in many guidelines. However, there is a controversy about the timing of initiation of peroral nutrition after the acute phase of severe pancreatitis has resolved. This dissertation shows the results of monocentric prospective randomized trial which compares the safety and effectivity of peroral nutrition compared to enteral nutrition in patients with severe acute pancreatitis during hospitalization as well as in long term after hospital discharge. Patients with severe acute pancreatitis were randomized into two groups - enteral nutrition versus peroral nutrition. The randomized nutrition strategy was initiated within the first 14 days of hospitalization. We monitored the length of hospital stay, tolerance of nutrition, complications, body weight and nutrition parameters. The two groups did not differ significantly in the length of hospital stay. The number of complications was similar between the groups, there was no significant difference in the rate of acute...
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The influence of enteral nutrition on the course of Crohn's disease
Homzová, Nikola ; Lukáš, Milan (advisor) ; Bortlík, Martin (referee)
Introduction: Crohn's disease is an illness of the digestive tract with an uncertain etiology which threatens the nutritional state of patients and in addition to other problems results in a worsening of the disease in reaction to primary treatment. The possibilities of optimizing the nutritional state are several: changing diet, enteral or parenteral nutrition or combination of both. It is necessary to arrange an entirely individual approach for ensuring the highest measure of attention and nutritional effectiveness. Methods: The influence of enteral nutrition was monitored during a course of Crohn's disease. 84 patients with malnutrition and with an active form of Crohn's disease were included in this study. They were divided into 2 groups according to the type and dosage of enteral nutrition. The first group included patients who used partial enteral nutrition in the form of sipping with an energy value of 1200 kcal daily. Patients covered the remaining energy needs with a low-residue diet enriched by soluble fiber. The second group included patients who were given exclusive oligomeric enteral nutrition with a nasojejunal tube for a period of eight weeks. The amount of enteral nutrition in both groups was individually adjusted and calculated, according to the Harris-Benedict equation. The...
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The nutrition of patients with percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy in practice
JIROVSKÁ, Nikola
The bachelor thesis is focused on patients with percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy in practice. The thesis is divided into theoretical and practice part of the issue. The theoretical part deals with stoma history, nutritional status diagnostics and general information on stoma. The core of the theoretical part contains the most important part of the thesis: introduction to PEG. The next chapter is dedicated to energy values determination and enteral nutrition, followed by the section dedicated to aid tools for enteral nutrition application. The last chapter in the theoretical part describes nutrition complications in percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy. The aim of my work was to evaluate nutraceuticals intake administered to PEG, and to explore patients' or care staff 's awareness of PEG care in general. To achieve my goals, I have used qualitative research. Using a semi-structured interview with a nurse, and with patient and nursing staff in two other cases, I have gradually discussed PEG issues. I have worked with six patients, each of them I have interviewed twice. In the next section, I have determined requirements for nutrients, energy, selected vitamins and trace elements, which I then compared with a real enteral nutrition intake. I have used Nutriservis application to evaluate and determine the diet. Nursing staff often does not have enough information about the care that patients with PEG require, and availability of respective literature in the Czech language is very limited. Nursing education in the past did not include PEG care. The method was introduced in the Czech Republic only in the 1990s. Nearly all patients in my research were underweight. Moreover, despite their weight was changing, the type of nutrition and its quantity remained the same. The most common patients' complication was diarrhea. Although literature reports that the PEG tube should last for several years, it lasts for a year or two, according to the nursing staff. The information contained in my work can help not only patients with PEG and their families, but also health care professionals who look after PEG patients
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Quality of life at home enteral nutriton
Petříčková, Dagmar ; Meisnerová, Eva (advisor) ; Ševela, Stanislav (referee)
Author: Petříčková Dagmar Institution: Univerzita Karlova v Praze, 1. lékařská fakulta Title: Quality of life on home nasoenteral nutrition Tutor: as. MUDr. Eva Meisnerová Number of pages: 58 Number of supplements: 2 Year: 2016 Key words: malnutrition, enteral nutrition, quality of life, SF-36 questionnaire The theme of the thesis is the quality of life for patients at home nasoenteral nutrition. The theoretical part describes the problems of malnutrition as a frequent and serious complication of the disease. It emphasized the importance of prevention or early detection of emerging malnutrition. Various options and types of nutritional support are listed in the middle part. More detailed is characteristics and ways of enteral nutrition, its indications and contraindications . There is further elaborated the concept of quality of life, which may be significantly affected by disease or its treatment. This part includes a description of methods of examining the quality of life . The research part investigates the quality of life of patients at home nasoenteral nutrition. The results were obtained by using a standardized questionnaire SF- 36, which is a widely used tool to determine the quality of life in relation to health .
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