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Factors determining distribution of mycotrophic plants
Novák, František ; Ponert, Jan (advisor) ; Kolaříková, Zuzana (referee)
Myco-heterotrophic plants acquire carbon from fungi. They are distributed all around the world except Antarctica. Despite wide distribution these plants are rare. The aim of this review is to find factors important for their distribution. They can be found only in places where their host fungi occur, but not at all places where the host fungi grow. Typical environment where we can find these plants are shady and moist sites in forest understoreys where competition of autotrophic plants is not so high. Their dust seeds are dispersed by wind, water or animals. However, air movement is usually limited in forest understoreys and dispersal by water is also limited in a layer of leaf litter, likely restricting distribution of the plants. Suitable sites apart from being moist, shady and containing host fungi, should also meet specific soil nutrient requirements. These plants usually occur on soils with low amount of available inorganic forms of nitrogen and phosphorus. In these environments autotrophic plants likely need mycorrhizal fungi to obtain nutrients, so they feed them with enough carbon that can be subsequently transported to myco-heterotrophic plants. Myco-heterotrophic plants can be observed only during flowering and fruiting so proper timing is necessary for observation. Understanding of interactions...
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Morphological adaptations of spores of ectomycorrhizal fungi and their role in dispersal
Jašková, Eliška ; Janošík, Lukáš (advisor) ; Kohout, Petr (referee)
The spore morphology determines the distance and the substrate on which they land. Recent studies show that colonization of a suitable substrate is more important than long-distance dispersal itself. Spore morphology therefore likely reflects specific ecological requirements of a particular species and is shaped by the selective pressure on their effective dispersal. In the case of ectomycorrhizal fungi, on which the work is focused, an important ecological requirement is a substrate where the spore can find a suitable partner for ectomycorrhiza. The beginning of the thesis is dedicated to a brief characterization of ectomycorrhizal fungi. The main part is divided into the summary of current knowledge about the key morphological features of ectomycorrhizal fungi (fruiting body, spore size, spore shape and cell wall ornamentation) and the specific ways how their spores can be dispersed. In the end, I also mention the possibilities of further research in this area.
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Vliv antropogenních vstupů dusíku na strukturu a funkci ektomykorhizních společenstev smrkových lesů
CHOMA, Michal
The effect of anthropogenic nitrogen (N) inputs on the structure of ectomycorrhizal fungal communities in Norway spruce forests was investigated. With the use of soil DNA amplicon sequencing, ectomycorrhizal communities were described in spruce forests exposed historically to different anthropogenic N deposition and experimental manipulative N treatments. This information was put into context with soil biochemical properties and rates of soil processes involved in C and N cycling in order to reveal possible consequences of ectomycorrhizal community restructuring for soil and ecosystem functioning.
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Diversity of ectomycorrhizal fungi in selected beech stands in Blanský les
HEJNA, Ondřej
The diversity and abundance of ectomycorrhizal fungi in three beech stands were compared during 2012 and 2013 years in two soil horizons. Individual ectomycorrhizal roots tips were morphologically and anatomically characterized. Representative morphotypes were identified by using molecular methods to confirm and verify ectomycorrhizal fungal species.
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Diversity of ectomycorrhizal fungi in beech forest \kur{(Fagus sylvatica)}
HEJNA, Ondřej
The objectives of this work described here were to summarize and evaluate current knowledge in ectomycorrhizal fungi with the intention at the colonization of root system beech Fagus sylvatica to ectomycorrhizal fungi. This work mainly was targeted at diversity of these ectomycorrhizal fungi in beech forest affected positive and negative by environmental and anthropogenic factors. Last part of this work describes qualitative and quantitative methods used in investigation of ectomycorrhizal fungi and their diversity.
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