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Diptera in food webs of wetland ecosystems
Pijálková, Helena ; Hadrava, Jiří (advisor) ; Kolář, Vojtěch (referee)
Families of the order Diptera are frequently found in freshwater wetlands, affecting nearly all trophic levels, serving as detritivores, herbivores and predators. Diptera are characterised by an enormous ecological variability of their larval life strategies, which often differ even within individual families. Their adults form an important connection between the aquatic environment of a wetland with its terrestrial surroundings. As a result, adults of various wetland Diptera may serve as pollinators, predators and a prey of other animals including humans. Until now, research of food webs in wetland ecosystems has been focused mainly on a few economically significant groups of Diptera such as mosquitoes, or has been focused on the role of Diptera in transfer of heavy metal from wetlands to other ecosystems. However, overall wetland dipteran diversity still remains understudied. Examining the roles of insects as well as other organisms in food webs is important for example to simulate possible consequences of introduction or extinction of certain species on ecosystems. Further research is therefore necessary to understand how do various dipteran taxa affect other organisms in wetlands as well as their surroundings. Keywords: Diptera, wetlands, ecological webs, detritivory, herbivory, predation
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Periodic Water Bodies and Their Biota.
Bušová, Tereza ; Říhová, Dagmar (advisor) ; Škodová, Jana (referee)
This thesis is focused on a description of small periodic water bodies and their biota. These telms are formed as a result of heavy spring rains, floods, melting snow or the ground water level rising. They are formed on green parts, non-green parts or fallen parts of a plant (in that case they are called phytotelmes), in water-filled tree-holes (dendrotelmes), in fissures of rocks (lithotelms) or in various cavities, artificially created by human - in empty jars, water- filled tires, flower-holding vases in cemeteries etc. The thesis deals mainly with dendrotelmes and phytotelmes which are the most frequent, especially in tropics. It provides the information about their formation and animals that lives in these small habitats. Also, a taxonomical review of the main reported fauna was added for better orientation of the reader. The most common taxa which occur in temporary pools are families of mosquitoes (Culicidae), chironomids (Chironomidae) and ceratopogonids (Ceratopogonidae). There are also present other Dipteran larvae or larvae of scirtid beetles from the family Helodidae. Some of the animals living in the pools used different evolution strategies to be well adapted to deal with periodicity and drying out of the water bodies. Their overview is also included in this thesis. Furthermore,...
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Preferences of the main groups of pollinators for the functional floral traits
Malá, Karolína ; Janovský, Zdeněk (advisor) ; Hadrava, Jiří (referee)
This bachelor thesis summarizes the preferences of the main functional groups of pollinators towards floral traits of plants. Due to coevolution and mutual selection pressures, these two life forms have begun to adapt to each other and develop traits on which the future of their life depends. The plant seeks to attract its pollinators, thus ensuring efficient pollen transfer or reproduction for its species. Attractants are used to motivate visitors to its flowers. These attractants provide pollinators with either direct rewards (food, shelter, brood) or rewards in the form of sensory perceptions (colour, scent, morphology). Recently, it has become apparent that flower colour, morphology and the type of food reward offered by the flower have the greatest influence on pollinator choice. Based on preferences towards attractants, we can organize several functional groups whose representatives have the same or similar choice preferences. Key words Pollination syndromes, pollinator, selection pressures, plant traits, coevolution, preferences, fidelity, diptera, coleoptera, lepidoptera, hymenoptera, birds, colour, morphology, rewards
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Vliv klimatických podmínek na rozklad těl obratlovců v zimních měsících
Horáková, Jana
This work deals with decomposition of the vertebrate body during the winter months. The introductory, theoretical part is devoted to the vertebrate decomposition processes and the insect body settlement. It also describes individual insect families with their representatives on cadavers, and the influence of climatic conditions on their development. Also mentioned isdiapauza, which contributes to the level of cold resistance of insects. At the site of Brno, 7 experimental fields were set up, the object of the experiment was chickens. The research ran from 02.12.2016 to 30.03.2017. At weekly intervals, muditoring of cadavers based on ongoing decomposition and later on the collection of necrophagous fauna in connection with current climatic conditions took place. During the experiment, 11 species of necrophagous fauna were found on cadavers, 5 of them from Diptera and 6 from Coleoptera. Determination of insects took place at the Prague Institute of Criminology by pplk. Ing. Hana Šuláková. The results were compared with those of other authors with whom they basically agree.
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Selected Meadow Pollinators and Their Didactical Use
Huňková, Helena ; Říhová, Dagmar (advisor) ; Hanel, Lubomír (referee)
This Master thesis is focused on selected pollinators of our meadows and their didactic integration into education. The thesis is divided into two parts - theoretical and practical. In theoretical part, there are defined two orders (Hymenoptera and Diptera), process of pollination, plants pollination strategies and pollen grain. Practical part is focused on research of dipterans (particularly on hoverflies) of which purpose was to find out which plants are most pollinated. Subsequent section deals with analysis of secondary school Biology textbooks in terms of representation of selected pollinators. Next section contains plan of practical exercise, which deals with whether honey contains pollen grains. In final section of practical part, a worksheet is presented, which verifies pupil's knowledge about pollinators. KEYWORDS Hymenoptera, Diptera, hoverfly research, pollinators, pollen, textbook analysis
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Periodic Water Bodies and Their Biota.
Bušová, Tereza ; Říhová, Dagmar (advisor) ; Škodová, Jana (referee)
This thesis is focused on a description of small periodic water bodies and their biota. These telms are formed as a result of heavy spring rains, floods, melting snow or the ground water level rising. They are formed on green parts, non-green parts or fallen parts of a plant (in that case they are called phytotelmes), in water-filled tree-holes (dendrotelmes), in fissures of rocks (lithotelms) or in various cavities, artificially created by human - in empty jars, water- filled tires, flower-holding vases in cemeteries etc. The thesis deals mainly with dendrotelmes and phytotelmes which are the most frequent, especially in tropics. It provides the information about their formation and animals that lives in these small habitats. Also, a taxonomical review of the main reported fauna was added for better orientation of the reader. The most common taxa which occur in temporary pools are families of mosquitoes (Culicidae), chironomids (Chironomidae) and ceratopogonids (Ceratopogonidae). There are also present other Dipteran larvae or larvae of scirtid beetles from the family Helodidae. Some of the animals living in the pools used different evolution strategies to be well adapted to deal with periodicity and drying out of the water bodies. Their overview is also included in this thesis. Furthermore,...
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Vliv klimatických podmínek a ročního období na výskyt a vývoj nekrofágních druhů dvoukřídlých (Diptera)
Bittnerová, Adéla
The purpose of this work was to minitor , which Necrophagous Dipteran Species are found at the experimental cadaver during a few months, and how they affect the occurrence and development of climatic conditions in the region. The research was carried on one habitat (Drvalovice) in the South Moravian Region an altitude of 450 meters above sea level. The research was started in March 2013 and finished in June 2014. For research was used five cadavers (homemade chicken), two with feathers and three without feathers. Overall, in this area were observed 12 species of dipterans from which were common 11 for all of cadavers. The presence of many species is dependent on wheather. General, in the colder weeks with often rainfall were observed decrease in number of species. The research also showed faster degradation of the feathered dead body.
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Bezobratlí na rozkládajících se tělech obratlovců - druhy, výskyt, význam
Velecký, Vlastimil
This bachelor thesis deals with organisms found on decomposing bodies of vertebrates. The manuscript is based mainly on works of foreign authors, anyhow, Czech literature was used as well. The aim of this thesis was to determinate, as the ambient temperature affects on decomposition. The subject for this research was a pig. The research was proceeded from March 15 to June 16. Changes were recorded at weekly intervals and the samples of invertebrate were collected. The determination of samples were carried out in laboratories of MENDELU. The results were compared with the research, which was proceeded in a different location. The observed results were coresponded to results, which were reported by others authors of literature. Older literature comprises also Protozoans, anyhow, these were not the object of the study. The research was focused mainly on Coleoptera and Diptera. Part of the work presents obtained knowledge for its use in forensic entomology.
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