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Circulating biomarkers in colorectal cancer and their application in diagnosis and prognosis
Červená, Klára ; Vymetálková, Veronika (advisor) ; Boublíková, Ludmila (referee) ; Václavíková, Radka (referee)
Despite all the advances in the field of clinical and molecular oncology, the numbers related to the incidence and mortality of colorectal cancer (CRC) remain at unacceptable levels. In recent years, liquid biopsy consisting of circulating biomarkers has come to the forefront of research, offering many advantages over conventional biopsy, such as providing timely information on tumor heterogeneity and the ease of repeated sampling. This dissertation thesis aimed to identify novel candidate circulating biomarkers from microRNAs, long non-coding RNAs, and cell-free DNA that could be used for earlier diagnosis, better prognosis, or prediction of therapy response of CRC patients and thus further advance personalized medicine. The main results of this work are: 1) Circulating microRNAs in plasma (miR-122-5p and miR- 142-5p) can distinguish patients with rectal cancer and cancer-free individuals and could predict therapy response in patients (both in primary and metastatic CRC patients). 2) Gene amplification of the long non-coding RNA MALAT1 can represent an important step in the transition of healthy mucosa to adenoma tissue. Plasma MALAT1 is overexpressed in patients with colorectal adenomas and CRC patients compared to cancer-free individuals and has the potential as a predictive biomarker for CRC...
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The changes in expression of long non-coding RNAs in hepatocellular carcinoma
Krhutová, Magdaléna ; Pávek, Petr (advisor) ; Matoušková, Petra (referee)
Charles University Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology Student: Bc. Magdaléna Krhutová Supervisor: prof. PharmDr. Petr Pávek, Ph.D. Title of diploma thesis: The changes in expression of long non-coding RNAs in hepatocellular carcinoma Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the highly prevalent cancers globally. A number of new cases of HCC and deaths rises every year. Molecular mechanisms of HCC are being intensively studied, yet they are not still fully understood. In addition to genetic alterations, epigenetics also plays an important role in HCC pathogenesis. Long non- coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are RNA molecules that are not capable of coding proteins, and their length is 200 nucleotides or more. Various studies have already revealed lncRNAs involved in tumorigenesis through binding to DNA, RNA and proteins. New studies also demonstrate significant changes in the expression of biotransformation enzymes in HCC, and interactions with microRNAs (miRNAs) and lncRNAs. This diploma thesis deals with the issue of long non-coding RNAs in relation to HCC. It summarizes the epidemiological situation, risk factors, and current possibilities of diagnosis and therapy of this disease. It also summarizes recently described genetic and epigenetic mechanisms contributing...
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The changes in expression of long non-coding RNAs in hepatocellular carcinoma
Krhutová, Magdaléna ; Pávek, Petr (advisor) ; Matoušková, Petra (referee)
Charles University Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology Student: Bc. Magdaléna Krhutová Supervisor: prof. PharmDr. Petr Pávek, Ph.D. Title of diploma thesis: The changes in expression of long non-coding RNAs in hepatocellular carcinoma Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the highly prevalent cancers globally. A number of new cases of HCC and deaths rises every year. Molecular mechanisms of HCC are being intensively studied, yet they are not still fully understood. In addition to genetic alterations, epigenetics also plays an important role in HCC pathogenesis. Long non- coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are RNA molecules that are not capable of coding proteins, and their length is 200 nucleotides or more. Various studies have already revealed lncRNAs involved in tumorigenesis through binding to DNA, RNA and proteins. New studies also demonstrate significant changes in the expression of biotransformation enzymes in HCC, and interactions with microRNAs (miRNAs) and lncRNAs. This diploma thesis deals with the issue of long non-coding RNAs in relation to HCC. It summarizes the epidemiological situation, risk factors, and current possibilities of diagnosis and therapy of this disease. It also summarizes recently described genetic and epigenetic mechanisms contributing...
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