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Metabolically syndrome - threat of civilisation diseases
Březinová, Marie ; Kulhavá, Miluše (advisor) ; Podaná, Jana (referee)
The aim of the bachelor's thesis is the metabolic syndrome as a threat of civilization diseases. The thesis is divided into a theoretical and an empirical part. The theoretical part is divided into two chapters . The first chapter deals with very general civilization diseases, the causes, and the prevention of various diseases. The second chapter is devoted to comprehensive metabolic syndrome, its characteristics, etiology, occurrence, diagnosis, treatment and prevention. The empirical part, implemented quantitative research, based on a questionnaire survey of 102 randomly selected respondents, patients of internal departments and private ambulance Hospital Brandys nad Labem with the objectives to determine how patients are informed about MS who provided them the information and whether they are interested in a greater awareness of the issues. It also determines whether observance of the regime measures for the prevention of MS. The survey shows that respondents are informed about MS the most from the medical staff and the media. There was less than half of them who expressed interest in additional information about MS. From the results it is also clear that respondents fully respected preventive measures regime. For a better awareness of MS I suggest in patient care, regular group meetings of...
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The role of gut microbiome in the development of type 2 diabetes
Movsesian, Lilit ; Cahová, Monika (advisor) ; Funda, David (referee)
In recent decades, ample evidence of the impact of intestinal microbiota and metabolome on the development of type 2 diabetes and other metabolic disorders such as obesity has been obtained. This thesis provides an overview of known information about this correlation and aims to highlight the importance of further research to identify prospective treatments. Bacterial taxa and metabolites most associated with the incidence of diabetes, as well as those associated with improved glucose and insulin tolerance, are considered. The thesis also compares similarities, differences and contradictions of the discussed studies. Key words: type 2 diabetes, obesity, microbiome, metabolome
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Effectiveness of variety dietary approaches in the therapy of type 2 diabetes
Šindelář, Miloslav ; Krejčí, Hana (advisor) ; Sadílková, Aneta (referee)
Diabetes mellitus is a serious chronic disease, ranking as one of the most leading causes of death in the world. This condition causes a substantial increase in the total cost of healthcare and decreases the quality of life of hundreds of millions of people around the world. Despite all preventive measures and the rise of healthcare quality, the total number of patients with diabetes is increasing. There are several types of diabetes distinguished, however, most cases (90 %) are diagnosed as type 2 diabetes mellitus. Although diabetes is genetically predisposed, we are able to modify the risk and treatment with our lifestyle. It turns out that the diet plays a crucial role in therapy, even in possible remission of type 2 diabetes. The aim of this bachelor thesis is to objectively and critically compare dietary approaches which are used in type 2 diabetes therapy. On the basis of 10 RCT studies analysis, which were published between 2011-2021, it emerges that there are several dietary approaches showing effectivness in terms of their ability to reduce levels of glycated hemoglobin, lower medication intake, reduce weight and even to induce complete or partial remission in patients with type 2 diabetes. Results of this work show that the effective dietary approaches are low-carb diet, low-fat diet,...
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Remission of type 2 diabetes in patients on various dietary regimens
Kábelová, Adéla ; Krejčí, Hana (advisor) ; Šeda, Ondřej (referee)
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) is a highly prevalent metabolic disorder linked with the development of specific complications and comorbidities that negatively affect life quality and greatly increase the risk of an early death. The main goal of T2D treatment, which in common clinical practice comprises lifestyle changes and pharmacotherapy, is to delay onset of these complications. Evidence from many recent studies shows the ability of some interventional methods to induce remission of T2D, meaning a major improvement or complete disappearance of T2D symptoms. Besides bariatric surgery procedures, some dietary regimens such as low-energy diet, low-carbohydrate diet and intermittent fasting, can also lead to T2D remission. Attributes of these dietary regimens, especially their effect in T2D treatment, is summarized in the theoretical part of this theses. The aim of the practical part of this thesis was to assess the effect of the dietary regimens mentioned above on morphometric and biochemical parameters associated with T2D by clinical and survey research. In most of the subjects with T2D, the individual dietary regimens, more precisely low-energy diet and low-carbohydrate diet, decreased body weight, where the weight loss induced by low-carbohydrate diet was caused by major decrease in the amount...
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Role of PGC-1 coactivators in the regulation of mitochondrial function in adipose tissue
Funda, Jiří ; Janovská, Petra (advisor) ; Mlejnek, Petr (referee)
Metabolic pathways in adipose tissue affect the whole-body energy homeostasis. De novo lipogenesis and futile metabolic cycling based on lipolysis and fatty acid re-esterification which is engaged in regulation of fatty acid level in bloodstream are occuring there. These processes are partly regulated by nuclear receptor PPARγ. Mitochondrial biogenesis and oxidative phosphorylation in adipocytes are controlled by interacting of PPARγ with transcriptional coactivators PGC-1α and PGC-1β. The aims of this thesis were to find out whether PGC-1β is connected with regulation of futile cycling and de novo lipogenesis in white adipose tissue and also how specific inactivation of PGC-1β gene in adipose tissue affects phenotype of mice during short-term cold exposure or treatment based on high fat diet enriched by n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in combination with mild calorie restriction. The results show that inactivation of PGC-1β probably does not affect futile cycling based on lipolysis and fatty acid re-esterification. In mice with PGC-1β ablation compensation in weight of brown adipose tissue was observed as well as increase in the gene expresion of nuclear receptors PPAR, transcriptional coactivator PGC-1α and UCP1 during cold exposure. Even though the inactivation of PGC-1β in brown adipose tissue...
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Metabolically syndrome - threat of civilisation diseases
Březinová, Marie ; Kulhavá, Miluše (advisor) ; Podaná, Jana (referee)
The aim of the bachelor's thesis is the metabolic syndrome as a threat of civilization diseases. The thesis is divided into a theoretical and an empirical part. The theoretical part is divided into two chapters . The first chapter deals with very general civilization diseases, the causes, and the prevention of various diseases. The second chapter is devoted to comprehensive metabolic syndrome, its characteristics, etiology, occurrence, diagnosis, treatment and prevention. The empirical part, implemented quantitative research, based on a questionnaire survey of 102 randomly selected respondents, patients of internal departments and private ambulance Hospital Brandys nad Labem with the objectives to determine how patients are informed about MS who provided them the information and whether they are interested in a greater awareness of the issues. It also determines whether observance of the regime measures for the prevention of MS. The survey shows that respondents are informed about MS the most from the medical staff and the media. There was less than half of them who expressed interest in additional information about MS. From the results it is also clear that respondents fully respected preventive measures regime. For a better awareness of MS I suggest in patient care, regular group meetings of...
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