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Organized crime and security : drug cartels : the global capacity of a rising security threat
Ibáñez de Foerster, Marcela ; Balabán, Miloš (advisor) ; Střítecký, Vít (referee)
Over the last four decades organized crime groups, particularly, drug trafficking organizations or drug cartels, have managed to be under the spotlight of the security agendas of American countries such as Colombia and the United States. During the last two decades, however, the global securitization of the drug trafficking issue, has led them to become a major security threat not only for the Americas, but also for Europe and more recently for West African countries. These organizations pose a threat not only to the security of the state, but to the very essence of it, by corrupting and damaging everything they come in contact with at the political, social, economical and even cultural level. This graduate thesis presents an analysis on Latin American drug trafficking organizations or drugs cartels, as they are commonly known, focusing on the cases of Colombian and Mexican drug cartels. By comparing these two case studies, I suggest that today's Mexican drug trafficking organizations have gained their momentum and incommensurable strength by following the footsteps of the big three Colombian drug cartels that existed between the 1980s and 1990s. The first chapter will expose the definitions and concepts surrounding the research of organized crime. In the second and third chapters, both the...
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Minimalizace rizik užívání psychedelik za účelem podpory veřejného zdraví v regionu
Ocetková, Tereza
This diploma thesis, first of all, design a typology of users of psychedelics with regard to their motivation and patterns of use, in order to minimize risks, support the regulated clinical administration of psychedelics for therapeutic purposes and improve public health. In the second place, it also collect current data on the use of psychedelics in the EU and European legislation on the use of narcotics and psychotropic substances. Data were collected from structured questionnaires from 2019, which were filled by 890 users of psychedelics in the Czech Republic. For the analysis of the answers, a cluster analysis of the data performed using the Ward method was used, exclusively on the basis of questions concerning the frequency of use in the previous year. In accordance with the results of the cluster analysis, a typology of users of psychoactive substances is subsequently proposed, which consist of 6 groups. It was found that the motivation of use is most influenced by level of information, setting and possibility of processing the experience. On this basis, 4 recommendations are formulated for minimizing the risks of psychedelic substance use – sufficient education, providing a protected and controlled environment for therapeutic use, decriminalizing the use of psychedelic substances and reviewing the pharmacological classification of substances.
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Regulationship between delicts and criminal offences
Parýzková, Julie ; Prášková, Helena (advisor) ; Millerová, Ivana (referee)
Relation between Administrative and Criminal Offenses Abstract This thesis deals with the analysis of the relation between two public offenses; administrative offenses as delicts of administrative law to criminal offenses as delicts of criminal law. The thesis introduces the historical development in the Czech lands, illustrating the origin of the division of offenses of public law and its gradual transformation over time. The chapter on history concludes with the description of the models of relation between administrative and criminal offenses which have arisen in civil law over the course of history. It is followed by an analysis of the conceptual features of offenses de lege lata, in which the definition of an administrative offense is compared to the definition of a crime. The main topic of the thesis is the boundary between administrative offenses and criminal offenses, which compares the current legal regulation with the theoretical basis and further analyses the aspects of the division of public-law offenses with the indication of alternative possibilities of this division. The thesis also looks at criminal records and the influence of European Union law in determining the boundary between offenses and crimes. Furthermore, the thesis deals with the comparison of administrative and criminal...
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Legalization of psychotropic substances as a potential developmen of the Czech (anti-)drug policy
Al-Halabiová, Ria ; Radimecký, Josef (advisor) ; Šejvl, Jaroslav (referee)
Background: Current drug policy seek to have a balanced approach, but the supply of drugs has no potential to significantly influence, as well as the quality of drugs on the black market. Drug legalization could be one of the most effective harm reduction tools and could help to reduce the negative effects of drug prohibition. Aim: The aim of the thesis is to describe the current drug control regimes and their treatment and to group the arguments supporting or not supporting the effectiveness of the given drug measures and especially drug legalisation. The aim of the research is to map the trends of thinking about drug legalization and other possibilities of their regulation among Czech drug policy makers and other stakeholders involved in its form. The sub-research questions present the opinions of the respondents on other related topics and they are defined by the uniformity of the terminological interpretation of the important terms. Methods: Qualitative methods were used for the research, namely a semi-structured interview conducted with seven representatives of the current form of Czech drug measures presenting the spectrum of Czech drug policy. For data analysis, the method of clustering and the plain enumeration method were used. Results: The analysis of the data revealed a disagreement...
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Crime of Evasion of Alimony Payments under s. 196 of the Criminal Code
Chvátalová, Petra ; Vanduchová, Marie (advisor) ; Jelínek, Jiří (referee)
This master's thesis is concerned with an issue of the crime of Evasion of Alimony Payments under s. 196 of the Criminal Code. Next to this primary provision is this issue included in the next following provisions of the Criminal Code, namely under s. 196a of the Criminal Code, regulating still relatively new provision of punishment, and under s. 197 of Criminal Code, special provision relating to Effective Repetance. The main aim of this thesis is a comprehensive explanation of all aspects of this crime, increased attention has been paid to potential decriminalization or partial legal regulation of this crime into the future. Purpose of the crime of Evasion of Alimony Payments is interest of the society of proper fulfilment of the statutory duty to maintain subsistence between the family members. With the reference to appearing of this crime entirely in connection with evasion of the statutory duty to maintain subsistence toward the childern, emphasis was put on this part of issue during the writing this thesis. This master's thesis is divided into 12 chapters, introduction and conclusion. Special attention is given to the essential aspects and decription of this crime, hist short analysis of the criminological aspects and historical evalution of this crime in the first three chapters of the...
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Organized crime and security : drug cartels : the global capacity of a rising security threat
Ibáñez de Foerster, Marcela ; Balabán, Miloš (advisor) ; Střítecký, Vít (referee)
Over the last four decades organized crime groups, particularly, drug trafficking organizations or drug cartels, have managed to be under the spotlight of the security agendas of American countries such as Colombia and the United States. During the last two decades, however, the global securitization of the drug trafficking issue, has led them to become a major security threat not only for the Americas, but also for Europe and more recently for West African countries. These organizations pose a threat not only to the security of the state, but to the very essence of it, by corrupting and damaging everything they come in contact with at the political, social, economical and even cultural level. This graduate thesis presents an analysis on Latin American drug trafficking organizations or drugs cartels, as they are commonly known, focusing on the cases of Colombian and Mexican drug cartels. By comparing these two case studies, I suggest that today's Mexican drug trafficking organizations have gained their momentum and incommensurable strength by following the footsteps of the big three Colombian drug cartels that existed between the 1980s and 1990s. The first chapter will expose the definitions and concepts surrounding the research of organized crime. In the second and third chapters, both the...
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Effect of NAFTA agreement on drug trafficking between the U.S. and Mexico
Kováč, Jakub ; Gullová, Soňa (advisor) ; Klosová, Anna (referee)
Diploma thesis "Effect of NAFTA agreement on drug trafficking between the U.S. and Mexico" analyzes the phenomenon of illegal drug trade in the Americas. The aim of the thesis was to seek causes of drug trafficking based on the proven asymmetry of the U.S. - Mexico political and economic relations and analyze its development to the present. Particular emphasis was placed on NAFTA agreement and evaluation of its effect on drug trafficking. The last chapter provides possible solution proposals globally applicable.
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Drug decriminalization against crime
Smil, Martin ; Písař, Pavel (advisor) ; Loužek, Marek (referee)
Purpose of this paper is to determine, if decriminalization of soft drugs, such as marijuana, could decrease the rate of crime. In the first part i will describe the basic relations of drug prohibition, primarily with quality of drugs, offered quantity, price and crimes connected with drug prohibition and drug market (for drug users and drug suppliers separately) in mind. I will also describe reactions of black market on state drug enforcement, mainly in relation with crime. These effects of prohibition I will illustrate on both american alcohol and drug prohibition. I intend to descrime Iron law of prohibition on both these prohibitions. In the analytic part of this paper I will focus on case of decriminilization of marijuana in Netherlands after year 1976, when possession and use of marijuana was allowed. I want to describe, which thoughts led to this change. It will be also interesting to find out with which other steps was the decriminalization accompanied (decentralization of solving drug problem, treatment and prevention). Above all, I want to find out which impact had decriminalization on the crime level, if it raised or decreased.
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Prohibition vs. decriminalization - two different approaches to the drug abuse problem
Tomány, Lubomír ; Šťastný, Daniel (advisor) ; Hudík, Marek (referee)
The main subject of this study is a comparation of two different policies which are used to cope with the drug abuse problem - prohibition and decriminalization. Example is set on the U.S. and the Netherlands. First, each policy is described in detail. Subsequently, both policies are compared according to criteria of the drug use prevalence and the direct costs related with them. The Netherlands, which applies decriminalization, has maintained lower drug use prevalence than the U.S for long time and in almost all kinds of drugs and age groups. Moreover, Netherlands it achieves at the same or lower relative costs. Yet, the higher drug use prevalence does not prove ineffectiveness of policy prohibition. It seems that the U.S. is more likely to have higher prevalence due to more general tendency of using drugs in population. The study also shows that the decriminalization can be linked to increase of drug use that followed its introduction in Netherlands.
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