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Migration and pathogenicity of neurotropic helminths
Pech, Václav ; Horák, Petr (advisor) ; Chanová, Marta (referee)
A neurotropism of helminths can be observed in their intermediate, paratenic and definitive hosts. Neurotropic helminths migrate through the nervous tissue, where maturation and reproduction can take place. The neurotropic helminths can be found in the family of trematodes (Diplostomum baeri, D. phoxini, Ornithodiplostomum ptychocheilus, Trichobilharzia regenti), cestodes (Taenia multiceps, T. solium) and nematodes (Angiostrongylus cantonensis, Elaphostrongylus cervi, Parelaphostronglus tenuis, Baylisascaris procyonis). Presence of these helminths in the nervous tissue can (usually with contribution of the immune system) lead to neurological or other pathological changes: the infected hosts can even die. Some of the neurotropic helminths (A. cantonensis, B. procyonis, T. solium, T. multiceps) can infect humans as well.
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Larval toxocarosis and CNS
Bernardová, Nicol ; Chanová, Marta (advisor) ; Bulantová, Jana (referee)
Toxocara spp. is an obligate endoparasitic worm of digestive system of canine and feline. During its life cycle the larvae of this parasite can get even into humans and encapsulate in their tissues. If the presence of toxocara larvae in body causes clinical manifestation, then we talk about larval toxocarosis. We can divide it into several forms and this bachelor's thesis is focused on neurotoxocarosis which is caused by toxocara larvae in the nervous system. This thesis summarises basic information about toxocara, its life cycle and hosts and also about its extension in the world (epidemiology), diagnosis, model animals and finally focusing on clinical manifestation of neurotoxocarosis. Key words: larval toxocarosis, neurotoxocarosis, Toxocara canis, migration, paratenic host, definitive host
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Interactions between Schistosoma spp. and their hosts at the metabolome level
Kurečka, Martin ; Kameník, Zdeněk (advisor) ; Mikeš, Libor (referee)
The blood flukes of the genus Schistosoma are important parasites that cause serious chronic diseases in mammals, including humans, in tropical and subtropical countries. Treatment of these diseases is challenging; therefore, new molecular targets are still being sought for the development of vaccines and more effective drugs. To achieve this, better understanding of interactions between the parasite and the host at the molecular level is an important prerequisite. These processes can be studied by quantitative and qualitative determination of metabolite differences in healthy and infected individuals using metabolomics. The work represents a review of low molecular weight substances in tissues and body fluids of schistosome hosts, in which a change in concentration of metabolites putatively related to the infection was observed. Only metabolites with a hypothetical or known mechanism of these changes in the context of infection are covered. The thesis also includes a brief overview of basic methods of analytical chemistry, which are used in studies based on metabolomics. Key words: Schistosoma spp.; intermediate host; definitive host; spectrometry; metabolomics; low molecular compounds
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Interactions of the eggs and miracidia of Trichobilharzia regenti with the duck nasal mucosa
Vlčková, Linda ; Horák, Petr (advisor) ; Chanová, Marta (referee)
Trichobilharzia regenti is a nasal avian schistosome which has during the initial phase of infection an affinity to the nervous system. Larvae migrate through the central nervous system to the nasal mucosa of waterfowl, where they mature and reproduce. Until now this infection phase has been described only marginally. Adults are located in the nasal mucosa approximately from 13th to 24th day post infection. During this life phase, they migrate through the vascularized connective tissue and lay eggs, the presence of which has been detected in the tissue only. Maturation and hatching of miracidia occur in the tissue (unlike human schistosomes). The parasite causes inflammation, and the tissue is infiltrated with immune cells. Lymphocytes, granulocytes, macrophages, plasma cells and giant multi-nuclear cells were described by histological methods. The thesis is focused on a more detailed description of cellular immune response and histopathological changes of the tissue by means of histological stains, and antibody/lectin probes. The flukes were observed more frequently in the blood vessel lumen, together with a higher number of immune cells compared to the healthy duck. Infiltration by a high number of lymphocytes occurred in the tissue, the macrophages were frequently observed in clusters around the...
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Larval toxocarosis and CNS
Bernardová, Nicol ; Chanová, Marta (advisor) ; Bulantová, Jana (referee)
Toxocara spp. is an obligate endoparasitic worm of digestive system of canine and feline. During its life cycle the larvae of this parasite can get even into humans and encapsulate in their tissues. If the presence of toxocara larvae in body causes clinical manifestation, then we talk about larval toxocarosis. We can divide it into several forms and this bachelor's thesis is focused on neurotoxocarosis which is caused by toxocara larvae in the nervous system. This thesis summarises basic information about toxocara, its life cycle and hosts and also about its extension in the world (epidemiology), diagnosis, model animals and finally focusing on clinical manifestation of neurotoxocarosis. Key words: larval toxocarosis, neurotoxocarosis, Toxocara canis, migration, paratenic host, definitive host
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Morphology of Fascioloides magna life stages and histopathological changes in selected species of definitive hosts
Košťáková, Monika ; Kašný, Martin (advisor) ; Hodová, Iveta (referee)
Fascioloides magna is a trematode originating in North America. It is a significant pathogen, especially in cervids, but it can also infect ruminants kept for agricultural purposes.Adult trematodes are found in the liver tissue of their definitive hosts, where they can survive for a long period of time and produce large quantity of eggs. Those are passed through bile ducts and intestine with feces into the external environment. This thesis is focused on the morphology of individual developmental stages of F. magna. To this date only very limited number of literary resources concerning the topic had been published. Recorded results are compared with literary resources on Fasciola hepatica, a closely related trematode. The morphological characteristics of the individual developmental stages were studied by using histological, electron-miscroscopical and other methods (fluorescent labelling). The thesis also describes pathological changes of the definitive hosts' liver tissue. By means of the stated methods, the thesis expands the existing knowledge on the morphology of F. magna especially of surface structures and the distribution of the senzoric organs, some of which have been described for the very first time. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)
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Peroral infections of birds and mammals with the neuropathogenic fluke Trichobilharzia regenti
Pech, Václav ; Horák, Petr (advisor) ; Blažová, Kateřina (referee)
Migration within the body of an infected host is one of the most important parts in the life cycle of flukes, including schistosomes. Migration of avian and mammalian visceral schistosomes has been a quite well studied topic (Haas a Haeberlein, 2009), which became more attractive after the discovery of T. regenti, an avian schistosome which is able to migrate through the nervous tissues of infected birds and mammals as well. Migration of T. regenti and T. szidati schistosomula within the definitive (duck) and the accidental (mouse) hosts is the main topic of the diploma thesis. This work continues with the research of K. Blažová (Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague) who studied migration of T. regenti within the definitive hosts infected perorally with cercariae or hepatopancreases of the infected intermediate snail, Radix lagotis (unpblished). She proved that T. regenti schistosomula are able to use the central nervous system for migration to the nasal mucosa of infected birds. In our work, we focused on the early phase of migration within the perorally infected birds and mice. Invasion of esophagus by T. regenti cercariae in vitro is not conditioned by secretion of glandular products, including cathepsin B2 of T. regenti (TrCB2). Activity of TrCB2 against mucins, the main components...
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Migration and pathogenicity of neurotropic helminths
Pech, Václav ; Chanová, Marta (referee) ; Horák, Petr (advisor)
A neurotropism of helminths can be observed in their intermediate, paratenic and definitive hosts. Neurotropic helminths migrate through the nervous tissue, where maturation and reproduction can take place. The neurotropic helminths can be found in the family of trematodes (Diplostomum baeri, D. phoxini, Ornithodiplostomum ptychocheilus, Trichobilharzia regenti), cestodes (Taenia multiceps, T. solium) and nematodes (Angiostrongylus cantonensis, Elaphostrongylus cervi, Parelaphostronglus tenuis, Baylisascaris procyonis). Presence of these helminths in the nervous tissue can (usually with contribution of the immune system) lead to neurological or other pathological changes: the infected hosts can even die. Some of the neurotropic helminths (A. cantonensis, B. procyonis, T. solium, T. multiceps) can infect humans as well.
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