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Organized crime and security : drug cartels : the global capacity of a rising security threat
Ibáñez de Foerster, Marcela ; Balabán, Miloš (advisor) ; Střítecký, Vít (referee)
Over the last four decades organized crime groups, particularly, drug trafficking organizations or drug cartels, have managed to be under the spotlight of the security agendas of American countries such as Colombia and the United States. During the last two decades, however, the global securitization of the drug trafficking issue, has led them to become a major security threat not only for the Americas, but also for Europe and more recently for West African countries. These organizations pose a threat not only to the security of the state, but to the very essence of it, by corrupting and damaging everything they come in contact with at the political, social, economical and even cultural level. This graduate thesis presents an analysis on Latin American drug trafficking organizations or drugs cartels, as they are commonly known, focusing on the cases of Colombian and Mexican drug cartels. By comparing these two case studies, I suggest that today's Mexican drug trafficking organizations have gained their momentum and incommensurable strength by following the footsteps of the big three Colombian drug cartels that existed between the 1980s and 1990s. The first chapter will expose the definitions and concepts surrounding the research of organized crime. In the second and third chapters, both the...
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Minimalizace rizik užívání psychedelik za účelem podpory veřejného zdraví v regionu
Ocetková, Tereza
This diploma thesis, first of all, design a typology of users of psychedelics with regard to their motivation and patterns of use, in order to minimize risks, support the regulated clinical administration of psychedelics for therapeutic purposes and improve public health. In the second place, it also collect current data on the use of psychedelics in the EU and European legislation on the use of narcotics and psychotropic substances. Data were collected from structured questionnaires from 2019, which were filled by 890 users of psychedelics in the Czech Republic. For the analysis of the answers, a cluster analysis of the data performed using the Ward method was used, exclusively on the basis of questions concerning the frequency of use in the previous year. In accordance with the results of the cluster analysis, a typology of users of psychoactive substances is subsequently proposed, which consist of 6 groups. It was found that the motivation of use is most influenced by level of information, setting and possibility of processing the experience. On this basis, 4 recommendations are formulated for minimizing the risks of psychedelic substance use – sufficient education, providing a protected and controlled environment for therapeutic use, decriminalizing the use of psychedelic substances and reviewing the pharmacological classification of substances.
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Solution designs for each type of prostitution
Andresová, Kristina ; Cejp, Martin (advisor) ; Kutálková, Petra (referee)
The main goal of this diploma thesis Solution Designs for Each Type of Prostitution is to design particular public policy solution which would be able to regulate prostitution in the area of the Czech Republic, considering different types of prostitution. At first each type of prostitution is described together with typical problems and risks attached to it. Accordingly three approaches to prostitution from legal point of view are compared, including their advantages and disadvantages. Consequently three countries - Germany, Netherlands and Sweden - are described and mutually compared in detail from a perspective of their attitude towards commercial sexual services. Later on, the most important international treaties, current progress of prostitution legal framework and the most relevant actors with their attitudes are introduced. In the main part of this thesis particular solution for each type of prostitution is designed, based on previous findings and knowledge. Purpose of this solution design is to reflect needs of both society and sex workers in such a way that is able to improve the current unsatisfactory situation and maybe to even become a springboard for further regulative measures.
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Paid sex in Czech Republic - how to solve it by legislation?
Krejčová, Veronika ; Nekola, Martin (advisor) ; Čabanová, Bohumila (referee)
Diploma thesis "Paid sex in Czech republic - how to solve it by legislation?" deals with prostitution and the way it is considered by law. In this thesis I first focus on defining the subject by describing different types of prostitution and associated legislative attitudes both in Czech republic and abroad, which makes me understand the complexity of this issue and vast area that is influenced by it. Regarding this I also analyze the stakeholders platform realizing that various groups connected to this subject consider the key problem about prostitution being in different areas and they also demand diverse solutions. My other conclusion is that regarding legislation associated to prostitution we can find a crucial lack of proper cooperation with non governmental organizations that have the closest relationship with sex-workers. This could cause the legislation being disconnected from the reality and not being able to implement its key objectives. In the second part of analysis I focus on analyzing the variety of legislation attitudes towards prostitution - abolition, decriminalization and legalization and evaluate these alternatives by set of criteria regarding technical feasibility, economic possibility, political viability and administrative operability. As a result I suggest the forth...
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Crime of Evasion of Alimony Payments under s. 196 of the Criminal Code
Chvátalová, Petra ; Vanduchová, Marie (advisor) ; Jelínek, Jiří (referee)
This master's thesis is concerned with an issue of the crime of Evasion of Alimony Payments under s. 196 of the Criminal Code. Next to this primary provision is this issue included in the next following provisions of the Criminal Code, namely under s. 196a of the Criminal Code, regulating still relatively new provision of punishment, and under s. 197 of Criminal Code, special provision relating to Effective Repetance. The main aim of this thesis is a comprehensive explanation of all aspects of this crime, increased attention has been paid to potential decriminalization or partial legal regulation of this crime into the future. Purpose of the crime of Evasion of Alimony Payments is interest of the society of proper fulfilment of the statutory duty to maintain subsistence between the family members. With the reference to appearing of this crime entirely in connection with evasion of the statutory duty to maintain subsistence toward the childern, emphasis was put on this part of issue during the writing this thesis. This master's thesis is divided into 12 chapters, introduction and conclusion. Special attention is given to the essential aspects and decription of this crime, hist short analysis of the criminological aspects and historical evalution of this crime in the first three chapters of the...
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Solution designs for each type of prostitution
Andresová, Kristina ; Cejp, Martin (advisor) ; Kutálková, Petra (referee)
The main goal of this diploma thesis Solution Designs for Each Type of Prostitution is to design particular public policy solution which would be able to regulate prostitution in the area of the Czech Republic, considering different types of prostitution. At first each type of prostitution is described together with typical problems and risks attached to it. Accordingly three approaches to prostitution from legal point of view are compared, including their advantages and disadvantages. Consequently three countries - Germany, Netherlands and Sweden - are described and mutually compared in detail from a perspective of their attitude towards commercial sexual services. Later on, the most important international treaties, current progress of prostitution legal framework and the most relevant actors with their attitudes are introduced. In the main part of this thesis particular solution for each type of prostitution is designed, based on previous findings and knowledge. Purpose of this solution design is to reflect needs of both society and sex workers in such a way that is able to improve the current unsatisfactory situation and maybe to even become a springboard for further regulative measures.
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Organized crime and security : drug cartels : the global capacity of a rising security threat
Ibáñez de Foerster, Marcela ; Balabán, Miloš (advisor) ; Střítecký, Vít (referee)
Over the last four decades organized crime groups, particularly, drug trafficking organizations or drug cartels, have managed to be under the spotlight of the security agendas of American countries such as Colombia and the United States. During the last two decades, however, the global securitization of the drug trafficking issue, has led them to become a major security threat not only for the Americas, but also for Europe and more recently for West African countries. These organizations pose a threat not only to the security of the state, but to the very essence of it, by corrupting and damaging everything they come in contact with at the political, social, economical and even cultural level. This graduate thesis presents an analysis on Latin American drug trafficking organizations or drugs cartels, as they are commonly known, focusing on the cases of Colombian and Mexican drug cartels. By comparing these two case studies, I suggest that today's Mexican drug trafficking organizations have gained their momentum and incommensurable strength by following the footsteps of the big three Colombian drug cartels that existed between the 1980s and 1990s. The first chapter will expose the definitions and concepts surrounding the research of organized crime. In the second and third chapters, both the...
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ECONOMIC EVALUATION OF POSSIBLE LEGALIZATION OF PROSTITUTION IN THE CZECH REPUBLIC
Kheil, Adam ; Zajíček, Miroslav (advisor) ; Vopravil, Jiří (referee)
Czech Republic same as many other countries has a national debt. Each state is looking for ways how to reduce their national debt and at best completely repay it. One of the potential sources of money for the state can be taxing the prostitution industry. Everybody knows what prostitution is but nobody can imagine how big the amount of money that revolves in this shadow market is and how many people work in this industry. This business is very well hidden especially to tax authorities in most countries and it is very sophisticated. Nobody neither politicians in the Czech Republic do not want to speak about this topic and try to find a common solution beneficial to all parties. This paper focuses more on prostitution in brothels and flats which sex workers renting for their work which specially in Prague and cities near to borders with Austria and Germany. During research I spoke with owners of the brothels and sex clubs in the Prague and their employees (sex workers) with porn actors who also have a lot of information and data on this topic. I also interviewed sex workers who have their own flats where they work which are still more frequently seen in the Czech Republic. I collected all data and estimated the value of the market with sex service in the Czech Republic and how big impact this shadow economy has on the GDP. I focus primary on Prague, the largest market for prostitutes in the country also due to the large number of tourists. Prostitution has tendency to decrease in most of the regions except of Prague. Also women who work as sex workers more years try to find ways how to tax their incomes to get pension in the future. Owners of the brothels would like to somehow also legalize system of prostitution because problems which they have with local authorities had rising tendency. Estimates show that each year prostitution business earn more than 8 billion Czech crowns which is 0.2% of GDP, but if we counted third parties the amount can be more than doubled.
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Effect of NAFTA agreement on drug trafficking between the U.S. and Mexico
Kováč, Jakub ; Gullová, Soňa (advisor) ; Klosová, Anna (referee)
Diploma thesis "Effect of NAFTA agreement on drug trafficking between the U.S. and Mexico" analyzes the phenomenon of illegal drug trade in the Americas. The aim of the thesis was to seek causes of drug trafficking based on the proven asymmetry of the U.S. - Mexico political and economic relations and analyze its development to the present. Particular emphasis was placed on NAFTA agreement and evaluation of its effect on drug trafficking. The last chapter provides possible solution proposals globally applicable.
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Drug decriminalization against crime
Smil, Martin ; Písař, Pavel (advisor) ; Loužek, Marek (referee)
Purpose of this paper is to determine, if decriminalization of soft drugs, such as marijuana, could decrease the rate of crime. In the first part i will describe the basic relations of drug prohibition, primarily with quality of drugs, offered quantity, price and crimes connected with drug prohibition and drug market (for drug users and drug suppliers separately) in mind. I will also describe reactions of black market on state drug enforcement, mainly in relation with crime. These effects of prohibition I will illustrate on both american alcohol and drug prohibition. I intend to descrime Iron law of prohibition on both these prohibitions. In the analytic part of this paper I will focus on case of decriminilization of marijuana in Netherlands after year 1976, when possession and use of marijuana was allowed. I want to describe, which thoughts led to this change. It will be also interesting to find out with which other steps was the decriminalization accompanied (decentralization of solving drug problem, treatment and prevention). Above all, I want to find out which impact had decriminalization on the crime level, if it raised or decreased.
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