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Ethics, truthfulness and objectivity in the history of photography, esp. journalistic
Folprecht, Vladimír ; Ovečka, Libor (advisor) ; Lorman, Jaroslav (referee)
Ethics, credibility and objectivity in the history of photography, especially journalistic This work deals with photography as with a socio-ethical pictorial medium, and covers the period from its invention to the mid-fifties of 20th century. I describe the history and development of ethical aspects of photography in the context of the process from image taking to its publication in the press, and its importance in the context of the time. The photos presented in the thesis are selected from those that have, due to their specific impact at the time they were taken, particular importance, and have extraordinary informative value related to ethical aspects in the historical development of photography. I mention photographers and photos that draw attention to the newly emerged ethical problems enable others to see pains, wickedness and injustice in the society, to rouse conscience of the society, and give impetus to correct these. In this respect, photography has played an important and irreplaceable role. There are also presented photographs documenting ethical failures of whole nations under the influence of monstrous ideologies of charismatic leaders, as a memento for future generations to help them to avoid similar events. Keywords Photography, journalism, social ethics, child labor, propaganda,...
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Statistika & My (č. 6/2016): měsíčník Českého statistického úřadu
Český statistický úřad
Měsíčník informující o aktuálním dění v Českém statistickém úřadě. Přináší analýzy, komentáře, výsledky statistických šetření realizovaných a organizovaných ČSÚ, statistické údaje o ČR, jejich obyvatelích včetně mezinárodního srovnání. Uveřejňuje informace o ediční činnosti úřadu, odborných úspěších pracovníků, již uskutečněných a plánovaných tiskových konferencích, seminářích, akcích a dalších aktivitách.
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Rationality of child labour and its effects on labour market
Vislous, Václav ; Benáček, Vladimír (advisor) ; Bauer, Michal (referee)
Child labor is still a big issue in the developing world. However, with an expand- ing literature base, we can conprehend its sources and policies in which we try to affect it in a much more precise way. This thesis reviews relevant literature regarding child labor. The scope of this review covers historical origins of child labor during the Industrial Revolution, its basic economic modelling, coercive measures against child labor, the effects of globalization, international trade, transitory income shocks and credit constraints on child labor and education. The main contribution to the literature are the three lessons about child labor. First, the parallels between findings about child labor in today's developing countries and the Industrial Revolution are studied. Second, it is showed that in the case of an import ban on child labor produce, there is always a better solution for children. Finally, previously unstudied consequences of Conditional Cash Transfer programs on children's motivation for education are related. Keywords Child labor, history, international trade, globalization, transitory income shocks, credit constraints, education, food for education, coercive measures, intrinsic motivation
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Charitable organizations such as a significant element of aid for education in South India
Paličková, Petra ; Nová, Monika (advisor) ; Stretti, Sylvie (referee)
The thesis "Charitable organizations, as an important element in helping schools in South India" discusses what is currently the situation in education in India and how charities can contribute to its improvement, and therefore that this role of government in his country doesnot so much attention it would deserve the Indian population. At the beginning of his work dealing with the issue of psychological personality formation and describe the conditions in which Indian children grow up, the negative aspects of India and its education. The thesis also deals with the current reference of great spiritual teachers of India, explores his life's work, demonstrates a unique and sophisticated system of education at the same time proposing a solution, how can India improve their current situation. The practical part deals with ethnographic research charities from South India, which created a unique concept to help abandoned street children in India and has already saved many lives and children's souls. In my work I come from personal knowledge and experience of Bindu civic association, which I founded in 2010 to support the education of children in southern India.
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Strategies of Agricultural Development in Angola. Case study: Catabola municipality
Rušarová, Kristina ; Havrland, Bohumil (advisor) ; Jiří, Jiří (referee)
Catabola municipality is one of the most damaged areas of civil war in Angola. Although the climatic as well as soil conditions are favorable for intensive agriculture, small farmers in the municipality are subsistence with the main income source of dried beans, dried cassava and vegetables. Hand-tool technology prevails in the Catabola municipality as it is employed in 95.38 % of the cultivated land of small farmers. The majority of small farmers uses only power of their family members (with a mean of 1.80 kW and standard deviation of 2.37 kW), hired labour is used by 38.0 % of small farmers. In addition, high engagement of child work was found out as 63.88 % of the children age 5-14 are involved in field operations. Primary data collection was conducted in the Catabola municipality in the period July - August 2011, semi-structured questionnaires and focus group discussions were the most frequent methods used. In total, 151 small scale farmers out of 9 villages participated in the survey. 10 factors that influence the dependent variable -- type of farmer regarding technology used on field in combination with hiring of extra labour -- were defined. The factors were statistically analyzed with use of ANOVA. Out of the factors expected to influence adoption of more sophisticated technologies than the hand-tool, increasing in size of the cultivated land and enhancement of education of both parents and children are found to be the limiting factor in the adoption process for use of animal traction or mechanical power from small farmers in the Catabola municipality. Strategy was formulated with use of simplified quantified SWOT analysis separately for animal-draught and mechanical-power technologies. The result can be interpreted as 8.0% assumption of success in animal traction adoption, contrary to 10.1% assumption of failures in mechanization adoption by small farmers in the Catabola municipality. Thus, tractors are not considered as an appropriate technology for small farmers in the Catabola municipality. The most critical criteria in animal traction adoption that should be considered are support of farmers' cooperatives and associations, FFSs, education in the form of general schooling as well as trainings for farmers, blacksmiths, extension workers and animal breeders.
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Enviro-sociální dopady elektronického průmyslu v Číně
Pirkovský, Rudolf
This Bachelor thesis is discussing issues of how electronic devices production, its input and output production processes and subsequent recycling of those devices have impact on individual components of the environment: air, soil and water systems. The thesis describes workers conditions as well as state of child labour in the context of the electronics industry in China. Regarding other social aspects, the work is concerned about impact on health condition of two groups: workers in production and recycling and residents in areas impacted with the electronics industry. This text is based on literary research. Scientific papers in database journals, statistical data, annuals and expert publications were used as sources for this work. Based on research data of individual authors, the work discusses the current situation in China with respect to excessive pollution and human rights violations due to the Chinese electronics industry.
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Access to education in the developing world: tool to eradicate child labor and poverty reduction
Coufalíková, Lenka ; Kotýnková, Magdalena (advisor) ; Začalová, Pavla (referee)
This thesis deals with child labour, mostly in developing countries, which are also one of the poorest regions of the planet. The aim is to determine the method of comparative analysis here the emphasis on improving children's education can be a tool to eradicate both child labour and poverty. The thesis also deals with the idea that child labour is a consequence or cause of poverty. The theoretical part deals with basic concepts, such as child labour, childhood, the importance of education. The theoretical part also deals with international organizations such as ILO, UN and OECD which are actively involved in the fight for children's rights and actively promotes the idea of removing children from work. In the practical part of my thesis I examined whether in the past programs for reduction of child labour and increase education to be successful. I also discussed a unique approach to education of young workers in companies of Henry Ford and Thomas Milton Hershey and Jan Antonín Bata. In the practical part I analyze also a new approach to the eradication of child labour through education programs for reduction of child labor in India, primarily in the state of Andhra Pradesh.
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Business and cultural specifics of Albania
Netíková, Kateřina ; Müllerová, Františka (advisor) ; Novák, Pavel (referee)
The aim of this Bachelor's thesis is to explain the specifics of Albania in the business and cultural area, also helpful for business and tourism. The first chapter introduces Albania as a country located in Southeastern Europe, on the Balkan Peninsula. This chapter mentions its natural conditions, history, and population. Also important is the knowledge of the economic situation of the country, religion, and individual economic sectors. The second chapter analyzes the foreign trade of Albania, its major trading partners, Albania's membership in international organizations, and the question of entry into the EU. The chapter also deals with mutual relations between the Czech Republic and Albania. Following this chapter is a subchapter with a questionnaire survey conducted among companies in the Czech Republic. The aim of the investigation was to determine whether the companies are aware of Albania, or are interested in business cooperation. The third and final chapter discusses the Albanian culture and its impact on business. Finally, the darker sides of this country are mentioned, including organized crime and child labour.
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Corporate social responsibility and child labor
Maierová, Beata ; Zemanová, Štěpánka (advisor) ; Melounová, Irena (referee)
Nowadays it is increasingly mentioned concept of corporate social responsibility. This concept, however, can not completely ensure to respect human rights and to not use child labor in the context of business activities. There are cases of companies claiming to be socially responsible, which are also affected by human rights violations and abuse of child labor. The primary objective of this bachelor's thesis is to discover and analyze the possible causes of the use of child workers by socially responsible companies . Furthermore , this work aims to answer the question why companies use child labor and where is the major problem of socially responsible companies. Another aim is to conclude if the concept of corporate social responsibility is effective and can eliminate the exploitation of child labor . The work is divided into four chapters on theoretical and empirical part. The theoretical part defines the concept of corporate social responsibility and describes documents dealing with social responsibility by internationally respected institution. The work also defines child labor and describes its incidence in the world and in economic sectors. The empirical part analyzes the causes of the abuse of child labor by the demand for child labor and weaknesses of CSR leading to the exploitation of child labor. In the next part of the work there is examined incidence and causes of child labor abuse at Apple, which has implemented into its running supplier responsibility.
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