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Impact of health expenditures on infant mortality in Africa
Bajer, Vladimír ; Šlegerová, Lenka (advisor) ; Bertoli, Paola (referee)
Each year, the infant mortality rate per 1,000 live births in Africa is more than 15 times higher than in the Czech Republic. This thesis investigates whether infant, neonatal and under-5 mortality rates could be lowered by an increase in health expenditures in Africa. We used data from 49 African countries for the last 20 available years, i.e., from 2000 to 2019. Applying the fixed effects estimation method for panel data, we examined the health expenditures as aggregate total current spending, and also separately as domestic private, domestic public and external. Our analyses showed significant negative relationships between both total current and external (i.e., direct foreign transfers and foreign transfers distributed by a government) health spending and infant/under-5 mortality. Additionally, under-5 mortality is also significantly affected by domestic private spending. On the contrary, no significant relationship between neonatal mortality and any health expenditure was found. Previously performed studies claimed that domestic public spending decreases studied mortalities too. However, our results imply that the effect of domestic public spending has disappeared and transferred instead into external and private health funds. Thus, it is crucial to invest in these segments more to lessen...
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The deficit of children skeletal remains in European cemeteries
Vejnarová, Rebeka ; Brůžek, Jaroslav (advisor) ; Brzobohatá, Hana (referee)
This bachelor thesis seeks explanations for the deficit of juvenile skeletons on cemeteries of past populations. First we briefly describe the process of extinction of human populations in which the distinction between today's developed and developing countries is made. It is the age-specific mortality rate in developing countries, in particular the level of child mortality, which is very close to the mortality pattern of past pre-industrial populations. Then the research methods of child mortality in the past are outlined including their problems and obstacles. Subsequently, the causes which led to higher child mortality rate in the past are stated and the probable values of child mortality are found out from the available literature which uses the above mentioned methods. Particular attention is paid to the representation of children skeletal remains in cemeteries. Comparing the empirical number of children from twelve Central European cemeteries with theoretical values indicated that especially the youngest children are under-represented. Therefore, the thesis focuses on the explanation of this phenomenon by biological, cultural and methodological factors. On the basis of available data we conclude that the biological and physicochemical properties of child bones lead to poorer preservation of these...
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Child mortality in less developed countries
Magenheimová, Kateřina ; Rychtaříková, Jitka (advisor) ; Šustová, Šárka (referee)
Child mortality in less developed Abstract The Bachelor thesis explores trends of child mortality in the age group under five years in developing countries in the period from the start of statistical data registration to the present. Selected demographic indicators are used in order to depict patterns of child mortality in world regions according to the classification of UNICEF, in which developing countries are located. Next, the development of child mortality is examined in selected developing countries. The specific factors affecting child mortality are taken into account. The study of child mortality also focuses on gender differentials, medical causes of the death, and development in the coming decades. Keywords: child mortality, less developed countries, gender, medical cause
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The deficit of children skeletal remains in European cemeteries
Vejnarová, Rebeka ; Brůžek, Jaroslav (advisor) ; Brzobohatá, Hana (referee)
This bachelor thesis seeks explanations for the deficit of juvenile skeletons on cemeteries of past populations. First we briefly describe the process of extinction of human populations in which the distinction between today's developed and developing countries is made. It is the age-specific mortality rate in developing countries, in particular the level of child mortality, which is very close to the mortality pattern of past pre-industrial populations. Then the research methods of child mortality in the past are outlined including their problems and obstacles. Subsequently, the causes which led to higher child mortality rate in the past are stated and the probable values of child mortality are found out from the available literature which uses the above mentioned methods. Particular attention is paid to the representation of children skeletal remains in cemeteries. Comparing the empirical number of children from twelve Central European cemeteries with theoretical values indicated that especially the youngest children are under-represented. Therefore, the thesis focuses on the explanation of this phenomenon by biological, cultural and methodological factors. On the basis of available data we conclude that the biological and physicochemical properties of child bones lead to poorer preservation of these...
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Mortality trends by selected causes of death in children and youth in the Czech Republic
Přibil, Karel ; Kraus, Jaroslav (referee) ; Rychtaříková, Jitka (advisor)
Mortality Trends by selected causes of death in children and youth in the Czech Republic Abstract The aim of this study is to describe mortality development of children and the youth in the Czech Republic between 1949 and 2008 according to selected causes. The study examines evolution of the most significant groups of death of children and the youth in the last decades. Trends in these mortality groups are analyzed with the use of structural and intensity indicators. Individual, the most frequent causes for the selected groups of death are described with the use of total numbers. The most interesting development of individual causes of death is set into a broader context. Generally, we can say that from the intensity perspective mortality of children and the youth has decreased and from the structural perspective the mortality has stagnated. Keywords: mortality trends, children mortality, youth mortality, mortality groups, death causes
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Research September 1947 ÚVVM: Clinical thermometer, infant mortality, black market, work attitude, literature, culture, leisure time. B 60, B 60
Ústav pro výzkum veřejného mínění
Research was initiated by the Ministry of Health, the Ministry of Food and the cultural department of Planning board. Questions deal with the medical equipment of households, infant mortality, the black market, work attitude and job performance, spending of leisure time, preferred literature and attending art exhibitions.
Fulltext:  PDF
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Children´s death and dying in the baroque epoche in Czech countries
SKALICKÁ, Terezie
This work refers to the questions of dying and death during the baroque epoche and is mainly focused on children?s age. It reflects the view of death and dying, conception of good death, notions of eternal life and the funeral ceremony. Within the context of infant age it ? above all ? inquires into infantile mortality, the connection between breast-feeding and the measure of mortality and the importance of baptism. It appears from demographic research on family and draws attention to the relation between the high measure of natality and mortality. It tries to find out causes of infant mortality ? population undernourishment, absence of medical care, easy spread of contagious diseases, wars and demographic crises, female condition and employment. It also inquires into the parents? attitude towards children and their death, and tries to disclose their intellectual and emotional life, whereto the analysis of memoirs by Alžběta Lidmila from Lisov helps distinctively. In relation to mortality it also doesn?t pass the situation of natural children.
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