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Analysis of primary photosynthetic processes in conifers: A comparison of selected methods and their possible utilisation for the study of genetic variability
Palovská, Markéta ; Holá, Dana (advisor) ; Albrechtová, Jana (referee)
Conifers are important both ecologically and socioeconomically, however, same parts of their biology are not that well researched. This includes genetics and breeding and partly even physiology. Because quantitative genetic analyzes applied in breeding necessitate an analysis of a large number of samples, and conventional methods of analysis are quite time-consuming, certain parameters describing e.g. the activity of photosynthetic electron-transport chain (ETC) are considered for such use. Several methods of the measurement of the activity of photosynthetic ETC exist, but there are some problems with their usage in conifers. I studied this issue from different points of view in three parts of this thesis. 1) I compared the photosynthetic ETC activity in 8 species of conifers using chlorophyll (Chl) fluorescence measurements on intact needles and polarographic measurements in isolated chloroplasts. Each method brought different information. 2) I measured Chl fluorescence parameters, reflectance spectra and pigment content in 536 genetically defined trees of Pinus sylvestris L. Many parameters showed relatively high genetic variability and heritability. I have also determined the suitability of various reflectance indices to estimate pigment and water content of needles. 3) I have optimized the...
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Kinship relationships and morphological features of the human skeleton in genealogically documented osteological assemblages: use in bioarchaeology and forensic anthropology.
Cvrček, Jan ; Velemínský, Petr (advisor) ; Stingl, Josef (referee) ; Beňuš, Radoslav (referee)
The influence of biological relationships on the morphology of the human skeleton is a current theme in bioarchaeology and forensic research. Whether it is the discovery of kinship relationships in an anonymous cemetery or the question of individual identification based on familial similarity, research is limited by a number of factors. Above all, there is the shortage of osteological assemblages with genealogical documentation. Most such samples also include only a small number of individuals, and thus the number of different degrees of their relatedness is limited. Related to this is the lack or absence of methods suitable for either the exact expression of the degree of morphological similarity between individuals or the statistical evaluation of results. However, for this dissertation an opportunity arose to analyze several osteological assemblages with genealogical documentation from the 17th to 20th centuries, comprising almost one hundred individuals. This represents one of the largest such units in the world to date. The individual samples also include several cases of consanguineous marriages with subsequent generations. The aim of the first part of the dissertation is to propose new methodological approaches to expressing the degree of similarity of individuals based on different types of...
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Sledovanie rastu koní plemena Norik Muránsky
Vlnová, Pavlína
This diploma thesis with the title Growth monitoring in Norik muransky horses is processing the growth data from birth until the age of 4 years. The monitored data are body measurements (tape withers height, circumference of the cannon bone, chest circumference, weight) measured by Dobšiná stud farm during the years 2007 until 2017. The observed group consisted of 170 horses of both sexes, and the horses were descendants after 6 stallions. In the research part the thesis is discussing the influence of the father on the body measurements of the offspring and it was proven that only the measurements with high heritability coefficient are being inherited. The growth amongst both sexes had been compared and it was determined that the differentiation in growth appears at the age of about 2 years. After comparing the body measurements of seven different year births at growth it was proven, that the norik muransky horses are balanced in type.
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Assortative mating in Endler's Livebearer
SCHAFFELHOFEROVÁ, Dana
The thesis deals with assortative behaviour of Poecilia wingei. The aims of the thesis are to describe character traits of fish and their heritability, then set breeding pairs of Endler's Livebearer (Poecilia wingei) and to determine their traits (shy or bold). After that, the offspring generation of such pairs was bred and their personal traits were determined too. Finally a comparison of the parents and the offspring generation was carried out and the heritability was analyzed. The traits were analyzed using the Open Field test. Fifty pairs of the parent generation were measured, coupled into pairs according to their traits. After that the offspring generation was measured too. The intraclass correlation coefficient was calculated, determining the share of the total phenotypic variance that is conditioned by the variability of genetic information in the population. The results were analysed using Statistica 12. The comparisons of the results revealed the heritability of the traits.
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Analysis of primary photosynthetic processes in conifers: A comparison of selected methods and their possible utilisation for the study of genetic variability
Palovská, Markéta ; Holá, Dana (advisor) ; Albrechtová, Jana (referee)
Conifers are important both ecologically and socioeconomically, however, same parts of their biology are not that well researched. This includes genetics and breeding and partly even physiology. Because quantitative genetic analyzes applied in breeding necessitate an analysis of a large number of samples, and conventional methods of analysis are quite time-consuming, certain parameters describing e.g. the activity of photosynthetic electron-transport chain (ETC) are considered for such use. Several methods of the measurement of the activity of photosynthetic ETC exist, but there are some problems with their usage in conifers. I studied this issue from different points of view in three parts of this thesis. 1) I compared the photosynthetic ETC activity in 8 species of conifers using chlorophyll (Chl) fluorescence measurements on intact needles and polarographic measurements in isolated chloroplasts. Each method brought different information. 2) I measured Chl fluorescence parameters, reflectance spectra and pigment content in 536 genetically defined trees of Pinus sylvestris L. Many parameters showed relatively high genetic variability and heritability. I have also determined the suitability of various reflectance indices to estimate pigment and water content of needles. 3) I have optimized the...
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Influence of the sex of calf on milk production of cow
Fialová, Zuzana ; Přibyl, Josef (advisor) ; Jiří, Jiří (referee)
The current modern time brings knowledge that help streamline the efforts of breeders and interfere with the originally untouchable action, fertilization. Genetics and reproduction have become the main interest of biotechnological research. It was develop and operating implementation of biotechnological methods such as artificial insemination, embryo transfer, longterm cryopreservation of semen or sexsorting semen, which became the impetus the topic of this thesis. Milk production performance of cattle is the property caused by a plethora of internal and external influences. Recent interest in professional public switched to other options affecting the milk yield, which is the sex of the calf. The aim of this study, processed in following up on the research GRANT QJ1510139 National information system of genetic evaluation of livestock, was to verify the influence of the sex of the calf on the milk yield of the mothers in our conditions. From previous studies (Hinde et al., 2014; Grasboll et al., 2015), arose the hypothesis, that gender affects the milk yield.
To evaluate the two files have been used the measured data from the 1995-2015 with data on the sex of the calf and milk yields of the holstein dairy cattle in the control days provided by ČMSCH, a.s. From raw data has been created file of cows with three lactations, while each breeding had registered at least 3 control days on lactation. Abnormal data, wrong control days and sires with low number of daughters were eliminated as well. After editing the file contained 4.7 million milk yields from 197 thousends cows. Thesis worked with model based test-day access. Average daily milk yield in the file was 27.29 kg. In the method of least squares for 10 models were used the following effects: HTD (herd test day), Pohl (the effect of gender), Porl (effect of lactation), Skup (group) (for first lactation created by age of calving, calving period, service period and year of calving, for second and third lactations is the intervening period used instead of the age of the calving). Fixed regression the Legendre polynomial (LP) was used with 4 parameters. Milk yield fitted using LP showed normal shape of the lactation curve. According to the approved models is the effect of the sex of the calf on milk yield of the mother of the calf statistically insignificant. Having bulls increase productivity of milk yield about 0.07 kg/day which is about 21 kg per lactation. Genetic parameters were not examined due to the insignificance of the effect.
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A potency of heritability demonstration in a classroom aquarium longterm experiment
ZAHRADNÍKOVÁ, Milena
The bachelor thesis is focused on a heritability of a development rate in a semiaquatic bug Microvelia reticulata (Heteroptera: Gerromorpha) as a model species of an aquatic organism. The main aim of this study was to estimate the heritability and evaluate if such experiment can be proceeded in a school conditions. A nested full-sib / half-sib design was used for the experiment. This setting is based on an analysis of several offspring of a unique mother and a father shared among several groups of siblings. The final estimate of a heritability is low (h2 = -0.03; SE = 0.25), offspring thus do not share a development rate with their parents. This long-term experiment is not appropriate for school conditions because of an extreme daily-care demands and unpersuasive results.
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