|
|
Elemental analysis of cheese with white mold on the surface
Pavlechová, Alžbeta ; Vítová, Eva (referee) ; Diviš, Pavel (advisor)
This Master's thesis deals with elementary analysis of cheeses with white mold on the surface. Theoretical part describes general characteristics of cheese, classification of cheeses, their nutritional aspects and characteristics of cheeses with white mold on the surface. Large part is focused on description of mineral substances selected for analysis. At the end of the theoretical part, the Kjeldahl method and emission spectrometry with inductively coupled plasma (ICP-OES) were described. Experimental part deals with preparation of samples, approach of analysis and processing of measured results. Eleven samples of cheeses were used for analysis. These samples were from Czech Republic, France and Slovak Republic. Kjeldahl method was used to determine protein contents and ICP-OES was used for elemental analysis. The results were compared to each other and also with results from other studies. Subsequently, they were statistically processed and evaluated in the final part.
|
|
|
Hodnocení ekonomické efektivnosti pěstování smíšených kultur vojtěšky seté a trávy
Richterová, Nikola
The aim of this study was to compare the yields of mixed crops of sown alfalfa and grasses depending on variety, cutting, ratio (alfalfa to grass rows) and year. Small-plot experiments at the Troubsko site, and field experiments at Vatín were evaluated. The quality of forage was also evaluated, namely crude fibre and crude protein content. The yields of the crops decreased with each successive cutting (p<0.05). With regard to green matter yields, the most advantageous is the cultivation of sown alfalfa in a mixed culture with alfalfa sorghum, where the ratio of alfalfa to sorghum rows is 3:1. For dry matter in the same ratio, a combination with festulolium (Hykor) is better. The crude fibre content of the mixed cultures ranged from 20.73% to 27.5% and the crude protein content ranged from 9.82% to 18.32%. It was found that the protein content was directly proportional to the amount of alfalfa in the crop.
|
|
|
Determination of nutritional values and antioxidant capacity of different edible roots
Ciffrová, Karolína ; Bendová, Agáta (referee) ; Němcová, Andrea (advisor)
This bachelor thesis deals with selected edible roots, their nutritional composition, antioxidant capacity and use in healthy eating. Eight selected edible roots were analyzed: type A, B and C potatoes, red potatoes, sweet potatoes, and purple potatoes were selected as representatives of potatoes. Jerusalem artichoke and cassava represent the other two root crops. The theoretical section of the thesis describes the basic characteristics of root crops, as well as the description and composition of the nutritional substances they contain, i.e. proteins, carbohydrates, fats, vitamins and antioxidant properties. The general characteristics of the methods used for analysis are also described here. The experimental part is based on specific analyses, procedures, results, chemicals and laboratory equipment used to determine the basic nutritional values and antioxidant capacity of these selected root vegetables. First, the total dry matter content was established to be about 23 % in the selected root crops. Higher dry matter content was determined for the cassava at 35 %. Crude protein content determined by the Kjeldahl method ranges from 6.5-9.9 %. The gravimetrically determined fiber in the given root crops was in the range of 0.27–0.91 %. The starch content is significantly higher in the cassava (46 %) than in other root crops. The inulin content was determined in sweet potatoes and Jerusalem artichokes instead of starch content; this value is significant for the Jerusalem artichoke (258.58 g/kg). Fat content in grams per 100 grams of dry matter was determined by Soxhlet extraction. Significant fat content was determined for sweet potatoes (12.6 g/100 g). From the extracted fats, the fatty acid profile was determined for individual root vegetables, such as the content of saturated (SFA), monounsaturated (MUFA) and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA). Total and reducing carbohydrates, determined by the spectrophotometric method, were measured separately in the peel and pulp of the root crops. Antioxidant capacity was determined using antioxidant activity values, polyphenol and flavonoid concentrations. Of the vitamins, vitamin C was determined, vitamin E only in type B, C and purple potatoes. For sweet potatoes, beta-carotene was determined to be 540.56 g/g. The measured and calculated results are plotted in graphs. Finally, there is a discussion of the conclusions of the individual methods.
|
|
|
Elemental analysis of cheese with white mold on the surface
Pavlechová, Alžbeta ; Vítová, Eva (referee) ; Diviš, Pavel (advisor)
This Master's thesis deals with elementary analysis of cheeses with white mold on the surface. Theoretical part describes general characteristics of cheese, classification of cheeses, their nutritional aspects and characteristics of cheeses with white mold on the surface. Large part is focused on description of mineral substances selected for analysis. At the end of the theoretical part, the Kjeldahl method and emission spectrometry with inductively coupled plasma (ICP-OES) were described. Experimental part deals with preparation of samples, approach of analysis and processing of measured results. Eleven samples of cheeses were used for analysis. These samples were from Czech Republic, France and Slovak Republic. Kjeldahl method was used to determine protein contents and ICP-OES was used for elemental analysis. The results were compared to each other and also with results from other studies. Subsequently, they were statistically processed and evaluated in the final part.
|
|
|
Characteristics of crude protein fractions in ruminant nutrition
KOUKOLOVÁ, Marie
Physiology of nutrition and feeding of farm animals is an essential factor influencing production efficiency and its quality. For these factors is important to provide optimal supply of nutrients by suitable feeds. Felicitous feed ration raise the economic realization of genetic potential of animals. Therefore we have to know the nutritional requirements of animals, including microorganisms, whose function in the diet of cattle is irreplaceable. The aim of this study was to determine the nutritional value of forage and lupine feeds (n = 8) by laboratory methods. Samples were analyzed for individual feed nutrients (crude protein (CP), fat, crude fiber, ash, neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF), acid detergent lignin (ADL)), gross energy and nitrogen fractions, and the results were statistically processed. Determination of individual nitrogen fractions was according to methods of Licitra et al. (1996). For this purpose were used following laboratory methods: (1) determination of non-protein nitrogen (NPN) (2), determination of soluble nitrogen and protein, (3) determination of nitrogen insoluble in acid detergent (ADIP), (4) determination of nitrogen insoluble in neutral detergent (NDIP). From these were obtained the results of NPN, IP (insoluble protein), SOLP (soluble protein), ADIP (nitrogen insoluble in acid detergent) and NDIP (insoluble nitrogen in neutral detergent). Averaged values (g.kg-1 of dry matter) of were 144.3 for NPN, 97.5 for IP, 78.7 for SOLP, 30.4 for ADIP and 80.3 for NDIP. Nitrogen fractions, i.e. fraction A (nonprotein nitrogen), fraction B1 (rapidly degraded protein), fraction B2 (intermediately degraded protein), fraction B3 (slowly degraded protein) and fraction C (bound protein) were calculated by equations of Ghoorchi and Arbabi (2010). The range of values was from 2.5 to 51.2 % of CP for fraction A, from 13.4 to 20.7 % of CP for fraction B1, from 0 to 19.9 % of CP for fraction B2, from 5.5 to 51.9 % of CP for fraction B3 and from 10.1 to 32.4 % of CP for fraction C.
|
guest ::
