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Breach of marriage vows in the 16th and 17th centuries
KABÍČEK, Pavel
This bachelor thesis focuses on marital conflicts in the early modern period, taking into account cases of breach of marriage vows, especially from noble or bourgeois backgrounds. It also refers to the choice of partners, courtship, the consummation of marriage and property related to marriage issues. In addition, it discusses the judiciary of the time, individual courts that dealt with similar matters, and the course of court proceedings. The main sources for this work were preserved records of disputes from the National Archives in Prague, from the Old manipulation collection from the 16th to 17th centuries. In these letters, the lawsuits and the progress of the given cases are recorded. The goal is to reconstruct these cases and get a picture of how such marital disputes are resolved.
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The role of male external glands in sexual behaviour of insect
Dvořák, Tomáš ; Kotyková Varadínová, Zuzana (advisor) ; Hanus, Robert (referee)
The body of some insect's males is covered by glands, which females are interested in during or after courtship and copulation. Female can palpate this glands or feed on their secretion. My bachelor thesis describes these glands in five orders of insect, where they are known: Zygentoma, Zoraptera, Coleoptera and especially Orthoptera and Blattodea. In the introduction i describe briefly their histology, morphology and ontogeny. But the main part of the work deal with their ethological and ecological function. This glands have four main functions. They can serve to maneuver female into proper position and allow the male to clasp her genitalia. Another function is prolonging of copulation, which enable the male to transfer more sperm. Glands can also provide nutritious secret, through it the male directly affects the female fitness. The last function is simple signal of male quality, which through the production of secret demonstrates his good condition. The role of the glands is often uncertain and their functions are often overlaping.
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Individuality of a courtship in semi-feral horses (Equus caballus)
Boušková, Adéla ; Komárková, Martina (advisor) ; Fuchs, Roman (referee)
In most of the mammalian species the courtship is a very important event preceding the reproduction itself. In some species specific courtship strategies are well described, however, in horses they are not, although courtship may have a major impact on the reproductive success of the individual. In horses (Equus caballus), polygynous mammals with harem type of social organization, courtship naturally involved wide spectrum of behaviour, by contrast, under domestic conditions they almost do not occur. This diploma thesis addresses the courtship and reproduction in semi-feral and domestic horses, specifically Exmoor pony and Merens horse breed, and individual reactions of mares to the stallion in the breeding season. A total of 45 individuals were observed for 240 hours from February to June 2018. We assumed the similarity of courtship within particular couples, but the result of the statistical analysis was the opposite, a high variability in the behavioural pattern repeatability (ICC 0,235-0,832), which, however, did not correlate with individual mare characteristics, i.e. age (ρ=-0,194, p=0,472), parity (t=0,569, p=0,578) or postpartum estrus (t=-0,070, p=0,945). We also assumed that the mare, which would show aggressive behaviour to the stallion during the courtship, would end the courtship by leaving or...
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Diversity of cockroach mating behaviour (Blattodea: Blaberidae)
Dvořák, Tomáš ; Kotyková Varadínová, Zuzana (advisor) ; Nedvěd, Oldřich (referee)
Mating behaviour of cockroaches is spectacular phenomenon with three different mating patterns traditionally distinguished. The most common and probably ancestral is type A - female climbing. Then it is type B - male climbing and type C - no climbing. Mating type was described in around 30 Blaberidae species. As it is the only cockroach family where all three types are present, it is an interesting model group for studying evolutionary questions. The main goal of the thesis was detail exploration and description of mating sequences in 21 Blaberidae species, 17 of which haven't been examined in this aspect before. An intrageneric diversity in mating patterns (genus Pycnoscelus) was described for the first time. Moreover, in case of P. tenebrigera, it was not possible to assign its mating pattern to any of the three traditional types. Multidimensional statistical analysis and biological interpretation of qualitative behavioural elements revealed two well separated clusters of mating sequensces. Consequently, we propose to distinguish only two types of mating pattern - ancestral type (identical with type A) and derived type. We also discussed the relationship between wing reduction and occurence of derived mating types. Evaluation of quantitative behavioural elements revealed positive correlation between...
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The role of male external glands in sexual behaviour of insect
Dvořák, Tomáš ; Kotyková Varadínová, Zuzana (advisor) ; Hanus, Robert (referee)
The body of some insect's males is covered by glands, which females are interested in during or after courtship and copulation. Female can palpate this glands or feed on their secretion. My bachelor thesis describes these glands in five orders of insect, where they are known: Zygentoma, Zoraptera, Coleoptera and especially Orthoptera and Blattodea. In the introduction i describe briefly their histology, morphology and ontogeny. But the main part of the work deal with their ethological and ecological function. This glands have four main functions. They can serve to maneuver female into proper position and allow the male to clasp her genitalia. Another function is prolonging of copulation, which enable the male to transfer more sperm. Glands can also provide nutritious secret, through it the male directly affects the female fitness. The last function is simple signal of male quality, which through the production of secret demonstrates his good condition. The role of the glands is often uncertain and their functions are often overlaping.
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Representing Courtship and Marriage in the English Novel, 1780-1860
Vomáčková, Lenka ; Nováková, Soňa (advisor) ; Beran, Zdeněk (referee)
This thesis focuses on the motifs of courtship and marriage as experienced by the female characters in the novels published from the end of the 18th century till the second half of the 19th century. These novels include Evelina (1778), Pride and Prejudice (1813), Jane Eyre (1847) and The Mill on the Floss (1860). As all these novels are written by female authors, the thesis provides a unique female perspective of the issue. The chosen texts deal with the motifs of courtship and marriage, play with the conventional discourse, and at the same time challenge the established perception of the role of a woman in the process of courting. Besides discussing the novels, I explore also the way the themes of courtship and marriage are presented in the original 18th and 19th century literature. For this purpose, I scrutinized various conduct books and essays of the period. The first chapter of the thesis is introductory and explains the main ideas and terms used in the thesis. The second chapter focuses on the social background the heroine comes from - her family, character and education. Hence, the role of the family is discussed in reference to the process of courtship. Great attention is given primarily to the role of a father as a possible social guardian and the model of a future husband. The third...
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Association of nonverbal behavior and menstrual cycle
Kučerová, Radka ; Havlíček, Jan (advisor) ; Lindová, Jitka (referee)
In previous years, researches have found significant increase of the female attractiveness around the time of ovulation. Among changes, that have been identified, were for example changes in olfactory, vocal, facial and body attractivenes. However, it has not been examined so far, whether this perception is also reflected in non-verbal expressions of women and men interacting with women. We also examined if attractiveness of men influences women nonverbal behavior depending on menstrual cycle phase. The study used a speed-dating paradigm (each person meets several people of the opposite sex for 3 minutes) and interactions were videotaped. We analyzed 391 videotapes of 92 men interacting with women who were in the follicular (187 interactions) or luteal (204 interactions) cycle phase and 391 videotapes of 34 women (18 in the follicual and 16 in luteal cycle phase). We recorded specific behavioural acts and states and these behavioural components loaded into two factors: (i) expressions of interest and (ii) expressions of disinterest. We found no significant differences in overall score of interest or disinterest in relation to the women's menstrual cycle. However, men communicating with women in the fertile phase spoke significantly longer than those communicating with women in the luteal phase of the cycle...
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