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Výskyt starobylých výmladkových lesů v okolí Ketkovic
Zakuťanský, Miroslav
This work concerned the occurrence of ancient coppice forests in the vicinity of Ketkovice. The survey was carried out in the cadastres of Rapotice, Sudice and Ketkovice. The field survey identified and evaluated both natural and historical features, from which a summary assessment of the site was subsequently made. The ratings were A - important ancient coppice forests, B - ancient coppice forests, C - false logs and then a number was added after the letter, either 1 (representation of coppice trees on 100% of the area), 2 (representation of coppice trees over 50%) and 3 (representation of coppice trees up to 50%). Thus, if the site is rated A1, it is the most valuable, and if C3, it is the least valuable. Individual trees or small groups of trees were also recorded as having a coppice origin. Subsequent work has converted the results into electronic form in the form of summary tables and, more importantly, maps produced in ArcMap, which graphically differentiate sites by importance. In total, there were 32 sites of coppice forests across the area. Their area was 46.14 ha. Most of them were located in the cadastre of Ketkovice municipality. Only three sites were found in the cadastre of Rapotice. All of them were assessed as ancient coppice forests. A total of 14 areas of coppice forest were found in the cadastral area of Sudice. Two of them were classified as non-native logged forests, ten as ancient coppice forests and two as important ancient coppice forests. A similar pattern was found in the Ketkovice area, where a total of 15 sites of coppice forest were identified. Two of these were assessed as significant ancient coppice forests, six as ancient coppice forests and the remaining seven as false logged forests.
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Methods and procedures for the protection of anthropogenic objects of historical human activities in forests
Kadavý, Jan ; Sklenář, Karel ; Novák, Jakub ; Knott, Robert ; Kneifl, Michal
The methodology focuses on the use of information about identification, documentation and presentation of anthropogenic objects - relics of historical human economic activity in forests,. These information result from linking forestry, heritage conservation and archaeology. Anthropogenic objects in forests are mainly old roads, sites of historical raw material extraction, raw material processing objects, abandoned settlements, signs of past coppice management, etc. The reason for the development of the methodology is the fear of loss (damage) of these objects by forestry activities. exacerbated at present by the processing of a bark beetle calamity of big proportions on a substantial part of the Czech Republic. If we accepted damage tor destruction of these objects, we would also accept a loss of cultural and historical heritage of the Czech Republic.
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Processes in the forest vegetation of thermophyticum in the past decades
Pospíšková, Marie ; Hédl, Radim (advisor) ; Szabó, Péter (referee)
The thermophilous forests, especially their herb layer, are important from the conservational as well as from the cultural point of view because they represent unique communities directly and indirectly affected by man on the long term basis. Since the 19th century the way these communities are affected changed significantly, the same way as the whole society changed, and the vegetation responded by shift of species composition, diversity and also changes of the spatial structure. This thesis brings together the most relevant changes of vegetation and their causes. However, there is similar situation in the whole Europe, or more widely in the whole temperate zone, thus there are references also for other countries. Regarding historical ecology, one of the most studied countries is the Great Britain, which is mentioned the most often in this work.
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Comparison of drought effect on young coppiced and standard individuals of sessile oak
Stojanović, Marko ; Čater, M. ; Pokorný, Radek
Assimilation and photosynthetic efficiency (quantum yield) of young oaks were compared in coppice and standard sessile oak stands of comparable age (100-120 years) under different light intensity categories. Measurements of assimilation response were performed during three consecutive growing seasons (2012, 2013 and 2014). In every category 8 young oaks of generative origin and same number of coppice sprouts of different stool were measured. The quantum yield in optimal conditions in standards was highest in the category A of closed canopy, while in coppices in category C. During severe drought in 2013 the drop in efficiency of standards was evident in all categories, while in coppices no differences in efficiency were confirmed between optimal and drought stress, proving the advantage of young coppices over standards.
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Processes in the forest vegetation of thermophyticum in the past decades
Pospíšková, Marie ; Hédl, Radim (advisor) ; Szabó, Péter (referee)
The thermophilous forests, especially their herb layer, are important from the conservational as well as from the cultural point of view because they represent unique communities directly and indirectly affected by man on the long term basis. Since the 19th century the way these communities are affected changed significantly, the same way as the whole society changed, and the vegetation responded by shift of species composition, diversity and also changes of the spatial structure. This thesis brings together the most relevant changes of vegetation and their causes. However, there is similar situation in the whole Europe, or more widely in the whole temperate zone, thus there are references also for other countries. Regarding historical ecology, one of the most studied countries is the Great Britain, which is mentioned the most often in this work.
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Communities of xylophagous insects in floodplain forest: distribution and host specificity
VODKA, Štěpán
During the last century the forests of Central Europe changed from open woodlands to even-aged stands with closed-canopy. This change resulted in severe decline of forest biodiversity. This study examines how, and why such change affected xylophagous insects. I have studied microhabitat preferences, i.e. distribution of xylophagous insects in canopy and understorey of closed forests, forest edges and wooded meadows. I used method of rearing insect from timber baits exposed to ovipositing females of xylophagous insects in different situations in the forest at the beginning if vegetation season. After one season of exposition,the baits were collected enclosed in fly-wire cages, where emerging insects were collected for two seasons. This thesis consists of two parts: The first part is an unpublished manuscript dealing with effect of habitat insolation, vertical stratification, forest structure and amount of dead wood on community of long-horned beetles (Cerambycidae) and jewell beetles (Buprestidae) feeding on wood of pedunculate oak (Quercus robur). Baits were exposed in the canopy and the understorey of forest interior, the canopy and the understorey of forest edge and on solitary trees on wooded meadows. Most insect species do prefer insoled wood for their development, and were more common in the understorey than in the canopy. Insolation of bait was thus the prime factor affecting composition of reared insects. No relation was found between dead wood volume and species composition or abundance of reared insects This shows that insolation of the dead wood is crucial to conservation of most xylophagous insects. The second part of the thesis studies effect of vertical stratification and insolation on distribution of xylophages feeding reared from wood of 8 tree species (Alnus glutinosa, Populus alba, P. x canadensis, Salix alba, Carpinus betulus, Quercus robur, Tilia cordata, Ulmus laevis) and host specificity of xylophages. Results show that: (i) community composition of xylophages reflects evolutionary history of their host plants; (ii) communities reared from different trees exhibit different preferences for forest strata and insolation of the habitat, probably in connection to preferred growth conditions of the host plant, (iii) many xylophagous insect species exhibit strong preferences to insoled habitats, and are thus confined to forest edges in extensively managed forests as well as in unmanaged forest reserves.
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