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Effect of D8 motorway salting in the winter months: Results of monitoring the species composition and abundance of aquatic organisms in adjacent streams during the 2020 growing season.
Blabolil, Petr ; Kučerová, Andrea ; Matěna, Josef ; Peltanová, Jana ; Bešta, Tomáš ; Rychtecký, Pavel ; Peterka, Jiří
The aim of the report is to document the effect of chloride toxicity on aquatic organisms in the recipients in the vicinity of the D8 motorway, km 48,276 - 64,689, where the motorway passes through the České středohoří Protected Landscape Area. The summary of the achieved results for the vegetation season 2020 is the content of the presented report.
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Effect of D8 motorway salting in the winter months: Summary of the results of monitoring the species composition and abundance of aquatic organisms in adjacent streams during the growing seasons 2018 to 2020.
Peterka, Jiří ; Blabolil, Petr ; Kučerová, Andrea ; Matěna, Josef ; Bešta, Tomáš ; Rychtecký, Pavel
The aim of the report is to document the effect of chloride toxicity on aquatic organisms in the recipients in the vicinity of the D8 motorway, km 48,276 - 64,689, where the motorway passes through the České středohoří Protected Landscape Area. The summary of the achieved results for the vegetation seasons 2018 till 2020 is the content of the presented report.
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Photobiont dynamics of Stereocaulon lichens
Vančurová, Lucie ; Škaloud, Pavel (advisor) ; Bérešová, Anna (referee) ; Dal Grande, Francesco (referee)
7 Abstract Lichens are an iconic example of symbiosis. They are widespread throughout the world. In some ecosystems, lichens are dominant autotrophs, sometimes one of the few living organisms capable of surviving local conditions. They grow on a variety of substrata, including artificial surfaces. Great diversity of their life strategies is related to the diversity of symbiotic partners forming the lichen thalli, which remains largely unresearched. Lichens as sessile organisms often have to face a changing environment or adapt to conditions at new localities where their propagules can spread. We have chosen the widespread genus Stereocaulon as a model system for studying symbiotic relationships in lichens and the connection of this relationships with environmental conditions. The main goals of this thesis were (1) to uncover the diversity of phycobionts (i.e., green algal photobionts) associated with Stereocaulon within the whole genus and particular species-level lineages; (2) to identify environmental factors affecting the distribution of phycobionts and their relationships with mycobionts on a global and local scale; and (3) to inspect the possibility of sharing phycobiont pool with other lichens and soil. For this purpose, we used phylogenetic analyses (ITS rDNA, 18S rDNA, rbcL, and actin type I gene),...
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Functional diversity in ecological communities
Džamba, Roman ; Hořák, David (advisor) ; Doležal, Jiří (referee)
Functional diversity is an important component of biodiversity. Value and range of functional traits and the number and composition of functional types are crucial for the short and long term functioning of ecosystems. Functional traits of species affect their performance in ecosystems and we can classify them as continuous or discontinuous. It has been suggested many ways to choose the appropriate traits and functional differences between species in estimating functional diversity. It is necessary to consider the nature and importance of ecosystem processes and environmental factors and consider properties of employed methodological approaches. There are many ways to estimate functional diversity. Functional diversity can be expressed by the number of functional groups, functional index or functional dendrograms. In natural communities, we see a positive relationship between species and functional diversity. Species diversity doesn't seem to be an adequate surrogate for functional diversity because the loss of an equal number of species may have different effects on the ecosystem, depending on the identity of the species. Functional redundancy refers to the functional similarity in the ecological niches occupation and is a source of stability in the ecosystem functioning.
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The study of bryophyte species richness and community composition on a very fine spatial scale connected to in situ measured microclimate
Růžičková, Anna ; Man, Matěj (advisor) ; Marková, Ivana (referee)
The life of bryophytes is closely connected with their surrounding environment. Changes in atmospheric conditions on the microscale directly affect the physiological functions of bryophytes, which in turn determine their distribution. The current development of technologies allows us to measure the microclimate affecting bryophytes directly in the field. Nevertheless, there have not been many studies published examining the response of bryophytes to in situ measured microclimate. This diploma thesis is one of the first in Europe to provide data from continuous field microclimatic measurement performed on a scale relevant to bryophytes. It deals with the influence of the microclimate on the bryophyte species richness and community composition within a single gorge in the Bohemian Switzerland National Park. For 17 months, 38 HOBO Pro v2 Onset dataloggers were recording air temperature and air humidity 10 cm above the ground. I performed detailed bryological survey on two differently sized plots (circle with a radius of 1 or 2 m) around each of the dataloggers. The microclimate is influenced by the topography and character of the vegetation, therefore I derived topographical data from a digital terrain model (resolution of 1 m), calculated the canopy openness using hemispherical photographs and...
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Floristic and mollusco-vertebratological survey on four localities of the blind branches of Blanice river close to Milenovice, Myšenec, Protivín and Vitice. Floristic and mollusco-vertebratological survey on seven localities of the blind branches of Blanice river close to Čejetice, Krašlovice, Skály u Protivína, Slaník and Žďár u Protivína
Kučerová, Andrea ; Čtvrtlíková, Martina ; Blabolil, Petr ; Muška, Milan ; Peterka, Jiří
The aim of the study was to investigate occurrence of aquatic and wetland macrophytes, large water molluscs and vertebrates, and assessment of the effect of planned actions on species composition and protective measures of endangered species
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Functional diversity in ecological communities
Džamba, Roman ; Hořák, David (advisor) ; Doležal, Jiří (referee)
Functional diversity is an important component of biodiversity. Value and range of functional traits and the number and composition of functional types are crucial for the short and long term functioning of ecosystems. Functional traits of species affect their performance in ecosystems and we can classify them as continuous or discontinuous. It has been suggested many ways to choose the appropriate traits and functional differences between species in estimating functional diversity. It is necessary to consider the nature and importance of ecosystem processes and environmental factors and consider properties of employed methodological approaches. There are many ways to estimate functional diversity. Functional diversity can be expressed by the number of functional groups, functional index or functional dendrograms. In natural communities, we see a positive relationship between species and functional diversity. Species diversity doesn't seem to be an adequate surrogate for functional diversity because the loss of an equal number of species may have different effects on the ecosystem, depending on the identity of the species. Functional redundancy refers to the functional similarity in the ecological niches occupation and is a source of stability in the ecosystem functioning.
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Insect herbivores drive the loss of unique chemical defense in willows
VOLF, Martin
The thesis examines the effects of chemical and mechanical defensive traits on insects in a local community of 11 Salicaceae species growing in sympatry. The results repeated loss of willow specialized chemical defense. This could be due to its low protective value and high energy costs. Our study thus shows that the balance between costs and benefits of defensive traits is not necessarily in favor of specialized defenses and illustrates a process, which may lead to the reduction in a defensive trait.
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