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Comparing Climate Change Adaptation Measures: The Cases of the Czech Republic, Germany and Poland
Skupa, Marek ; Ditrych, Ondřej (advisor) ; Kučerová, Irah (referee)
The diploma thesis "Comparing Climate Change Adaptation Measures: The Cases of the Czech Republic, Germany and Poland" compares national adaptation strategies on climate change of the Czech Republic, Germany and Poland. These strategies represents general politics of selected states on the field of climate change adaptation and the author compares them regarding the adaptation measures they contain. For this comparison, framework based on options and recommendations provided by Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) and the EU is used. Author also analyses mitigation policies of selected states and examines similarities and differences in both approaches. In conclusion author relates his findings towards existing research and using both, he introduces limited theoretical findings about possible relationship between mitigation and adaptation policies of states.
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The analysis of glacial retreat of selected mountain regions of New Zealand and natural hazards from GLOFs
Brambus, Ondřej ; Vilímek, Vít (advisor) ; Šobr, Miroslav (referee)
This thesis analyses the glacier fluctuations in New Zealand since late Pliocen until today (2017) and evaluates GLOFs (Glacier Lake Outburst Floods) hazards from all proglacial lakes of New Zealand. Background research of a wide range of scientific sources was used to describe New Zealand glacier fluctuations during the last ~2.6 Ma, uncover local climatic and tectonic specifics, describe uneven behaviour of different glacier types and summarise current knowledge about climatological forcings to New Zealand glaciers. Compared to the timing of glaciations in the Norther Hemisphere, an earlier onset of LGM (Last Glacial Maximum) and LIA (Little Ice Age) was recorded in New Zealand. A dramatic glacier advance of short- to medium-response time glaciers was recorded between 1983 and 1999. This advance was caused by changes of atmospheric and oceanic circulation patterns around New Zealand. A detailed study of the past events revealed that really few events were recorded in New Zealand history. While englacial outburst floods are relatively common from Franz Josef Glacier, no moraine dam rupture and only two GLOFs from a proglacial lake were recorded in New Zealand history. Inventory of proglacial lakes of New Zealand completed from remote sensing data was done to further evaluate the hazards of GLOFs. 25...
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Long-Term Changes in Cloudiness and Sunshine Duration in Europe
Bílková, Jarmila ; Huth, Radan (advisor) ; Holtanová, Eva (referee)
LONG-TERM CHANGES IN CLOUDINESS AND SUNSHINE DURATION IN EUROPE Abstract The aim of this paper is to study long-term changes of two climatological parameters known as sunshine duration (SD) and cloudiness (CC) using several stations data located in Europe in the period 1965 - 2016. This paper is devided into two main parts. First part is paying attention to the literary research, which firstly introduce the chosen climatical variables (SD and CC) and then introduce the issue of the already known long term changes of this variables. Second part of this work is based on practical research. This paper uses a statistical linear regression to find out the seasonal and annual trends in sunshine duration and cloudiness. Data series were obtained from database ECA&D in total from 48 european climatic stations. Klíčová slova: cloud cover, sunshine duration, climate change, trends, Europe
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Creating of Dispatcher Graph for a Selected Dam Reservoir Considering Climate Change
Hakl, Petr ; Sobek, Martin (referee) ; Menšík, Pavel (advisor)
The aim of a thesis is construct a several dispatcher graphs for a selected Vír I. water dam, from real flow series, then extended by synthetic flow series generated by regional climatic models. Particular models will be discribed, so the construction of dispatcher graph. Graphs will be compared by appropriately selected parameters. In the end of the thesis will be comparision of requirements sets by manipulate order with predicted evolution of affluent to the dam and sustainability for todays claims relation on improved outflows in future with the same condition.
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Seasonal and long-term dynamic of plankton communities of small water-bodies
Pejsar, Patrik ; Černý, Martin (advisor) ; Juračka, Petr Jan (referee)
Zooplankton pool-inhabiting organisms form metacommunities and metapopulations. Locations are connected through dispersion which is an essential part of colonization-extinction dynamic. Locations vary with the environmental conditions, the specifics of the community and the biotic interactions taking place there. Differences in these parameters may occur between spatially separated pools or in one pool throughout time. These changes are caused by seasonal dynamics, disturbances, long-term development of environmental conditions or biotic factors such as predation, competition and parasite influence. On a long-term scale the locations are classified into rather stable and ephemeral. In pool environment the ephemeral locations may unexpectedly be the driving force of metacommunity and metapopulation processes according to the "inverse mainland-island" theory. Global climate change has an essential influence on zooplankton dynamic in smaller water-bodies. Hydrology of pools and through it also life dynamics of plankton organisms is directly influenced by temperature changes and precipitation. Regional metacommunity and metapopulation dynamics are changing in dependency on regional course of climate change and the specifics of these water-bodies and the communities living there.
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Analysis and assessment of ensemble simulations of regional climate models in Europe for selected scenarios of greenhouse gases
Kluková, Zuzana ; Halenka, Tomáš (advisor) ; Belda, Michal (referee)
An analysis of the air temperature and precipitation for historical and future experiments of regional climate models from Euro-CORDEX activity is presented. A validation of models was performed for the time period 1989 - 2005 using the comparison of model results with E-OBS dataset which represents real values. For this period results show good agreement for temperature, much worse agreement appears for precipitation where their overestimation is more typical. The future evaluation based on the scenarios of greenhouse gases RCP4.5 and RCP8.5 was investigated for periods 2021 - 2050 and 2071 - 2100 in comparison with the period 1971 - 2000 as reference. For the simulations of the future climate we can notice an approximately linear increase of temperatures which is most significant in the northeast Europe. For precipitation models predict their increase in the north Europe and decrease in the south Europe.
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Climate Skepticism in the Czech Republic: Countermovement and Its Strategies
Vidomus, Petr ; Loužek, Marek (advisor) ; Strmiska, Maxmilián (referee) ; Vráblíková, Kateřina (referee)
The climate change skepticism has been becoming a more and more distinct and apparently increasing social phenomenon. To date, western scholars have described the different forms it can take and the factors supporting its increase. In the recent years, we've been observing some signs of a similar trend in the Czech Republic because the number of people who find the anthropogenic climate changes significant has been decreasing and the proportion of the "skeptic population" has been growing. Although in the first part of this paper I present an overview of data concerning the "public climate change skepticism" (available poll data), its primary focus is on the research of activities carried out by individuals and groups that relativize the importance of climate changes constantly, publically and in a more or less organized manner. In such case we can talk about a certain form of a countermovement against the environmentalism and the mainstream climatology. This paper draws mainly from a qualitative study conducted between 2011 and 2014 by means of semi-structured interviews with active Czech climate change skeptics. The goal of the study was to describe the strategies of climate change skeptics actions in the changing political and discursive environment, the forms of their organization and the...
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Analysis of the interconnection between adaptation measures and disaster risk reduction in the context of environmental security
Sebőková, Angelika ; Vačkářová, Davina Elena (advisor) ; Pondělíček, Michael (referee)
The main objective of this thesis is to present a detailed analysis of the currently achieved level of common interconnection between adaptation measures to climate change and disaster risk reduction approach in selected documents. The analysis was based on a group of predetermined keywords. The theoretical basis for this research is the concept o environmental security. According to the selected theoretical concepts the thesis identifies current obstacles of the synergy of both types of measures, and offers suggestions and solutions to overcome them. Results of the analysis showed an insufficient level of interconnection between measures, especially in the internationally binding agreements. They define only the widest context of their implementation and, moreover, do not work with the aspect of building and sustaining environmental security at all. Nationally binding documents on the contrary show a detailed mutual interconnection of the both types of measures. They are sector-oriented and complement each other in the terms of more effective implementation of measures. They are as well the only documents referring directly to the need of building environmental security, as one of the basic preconditions for maintaining the overall security of natural and socioeconomic systems. Key words:...
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Changes in spatial extent of dwarf pine stands in the Krkonoše Mts.
Bernhäuserová, Veronika ; Treml, Václav (advisor) ; Romportl, Dušan (referee)
Since alpine and subalpine plant communities including shrubs are sensitive to climate change, they are suitable to study the recent climate change. Dwarf pine (Pinus mugo) is a shrub widespread above alpine timberlines in the Central and Eastern Europe. In this thesis, I studied changes in cover of dwarf pine in the Krkonoše Mts. To analyze spatial changes in the dwarf pine cover, I used a orthorectifications aerial photographs from two different periods 1958/1964 and 2012. I vectorized two areas from the lower limit of dwarf pine distribution and two areas from the upper limit of its distribution. The results did not support previously reported negative relationship between altitude and shrub expansion. Instead, faster expansion was found in the upper limit of the dwarf pine distribution. In addition, I found positive relationship between expansion of dwarf pine cover and initial length of shrub margins. Length of shrub margins seems to be more important for expansion of dwarf pine in the Krkonoše Mts. than altitude. Keywords: dwarf pine (Pinus mugo), expansion, alpine zone, aerial photographs, climate change
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International Climate Change Law
Vršťala, Štěpán ; Humlíčková, Petra (advisor) ; Damohorský, Milan (referee)
The thesis International Climate Change Law presents international legislation in the area of climate protection. Specifically, it focuses on the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, the Kyoto Protocol and proposed legal aspects of the new agreement, which is to arise from the 21st yearly session of the Conference of the Parties in Paris. In its introduction the thesis outlines the scientific background of the climate change and political and technical approaches to its solution. Then, it gives an overview of the development of the international law in this area, including its political context. The following chapters analyse key legal documents highlighting their objective, principles, commitments, and tools. The last chapter sums ups and briefly analyses the most important aspects of the proposed legislation.
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