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Puerperium from the perspective of physiotherapy
Šimánková, Marie ; Ježková, Martina (advisor) ; Havlíčková, Michaela (referee)
This diploma thesis explores the ways in which physiotherapeutic procedures and concepts can be used to positively affect puerperium after a physiological childbirth. The beginning of the theoretical part describes the physiology of puerperium, lactation, women's psychological well- being during the postpartum period and postpartum complications. The main part of the thesis focuses on the application of physiotherapeutic methods and concepts during puerperium. The output of this part forms an information handout with exercises appropriate throughout puerperium. In the practical part of the thesis, a questionnaire survey of two groups of women at the end of puerperium took place to objectively evaluate the effect of the information handout. The aim was to find out whether women who are prepared for the puerperium and know how to use targeted exercises to support the regeneration of the body after childbirth experience a milder course of the puerperium, feel psychologically better and evaluate their breastfeeding effectiveness more positively. The experimental group (n = 32) received the information handout during pregnancy and used it in puerperium. The control group (n = 37) did not receive the handout. The standardized Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale questionnaire was used to assess the...
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Nutrition of infants and toddlers with allergies to cow's milk protein
VAVEROVÁ, Petra
The main objective of the thesis titled Nutrition of Infants and Toddlers with Cow's Milk Allergy is to outline the course of the disease and to present solutions to it. Another objective is to determine the frequency of milk allergy in the paediatrician's office. The thesis also aims to present a list of medical products for this type of disease. The theoretical part of the thesis deals with the classification of milk allergy in food allergies. Further, it discusses breast milk as the most important food for infants and the difference between breast milk and cow's milk. Finally, it discusses the very disease of cow's milk allergy, its prevalence, where and how it manifests most, methods of its diagnosing, and treatments available. In the end of the theoretical part, we deal with a list of artificial infant food suitable for children with cow's milk allergy. The research part of the thesis was developed by using qualitative research conducted through interviews with a dual focus with paediatricians. The first type of interviews with various paediatricians and a specialist physician were devoted to their knowledge, opinions, and information interesting for cow's milk allergy. The second type of interviews was aimed at patients with cow's milk allergy. These aimed to determine the course of the disease and diagnostic tests to identify the presence of the disease. Furthermore, they addressed the question of nutrition and current status of such patients. The theoretical part also includes an overview and evaluation of products of artificial infant food suitable for children with cow's milk allergy and in Nutriservis profesional I created a weekly diet for a child with an allergy to cow's milk protein.
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Actual genuine realization of 10 steps to successful breast-feeding in hospital and terrain
KREZLOVÁ, Lucie
Breast milk is one of the most precious gift that can mother give to her child. Therefore the mother's best choice is to breast-feed her child. It is very important to properly instruct the mothers to understand all advantages of breast-feeding and it's correct technique. Such a comprehensive information can be communicated only through precise methodical guidance during prenatal and postnatal period. The birth assistant represents significantly this field of activity for his/her imminent contact with mothers. He/she takes care of mother's and child's needs and realizes this care via nursing process. The thesis is focused on methodical recommendations which should support breast-feeding of carried to term newborns. First target of this thesis was to ascertain if the 10 steps to successful breast-feeding are implemented in the hospitals. Second target was to find out if the mothers are enabled to breast-feed their childern for the first time within an hour from delivery. Third target was to find out if the 10 steps for successful breast-feeding are also implemented in field. Fourth target was to find out how is the field education of mothers, concerning the 10 steps to successful breast-feeding, provided. There were following hypothesis determined: H1 - Genuine implementaiton of 10 steps for successful breast-feeding in hospitals corresponds with methodical recommendation as per WHO/UNICEF. H2 - Mothers are enabled to breast-feed their childern for the first time within an hour from delivery. Both theories have been confirmed through research.There were also asked following research questions:VO1 - Does the genuine implementation of 10 steps to successful breast-feeding in field correspond with methodical recommendations as per WHO/UNICEF? VO2 - What is the mother's opinion of implementation of 10 steps to successful breast-feeding in field? The quantitative research part was processed via questionnaires focused on mothers after delivery during they stay at Gynaecological-Obstetrical clinic of College hospital in Pilsen. For qualitative research part of the thesis was chosen a structured field conversation with mothers who were 6 months after delivery. The results of the research show that the 10 steps to successful breast-feeding is implemented indeed both in hospital and field. Mothers are allowed to breast-feed their childern within an hour from delivery. If the first breast-feeding hadn't been performed until one hour from delivery, mothers have been adquately informed how to stimulate and maintan lactation. Respondents in field declared that they were educated by nurse and pediatrician. All respondents in field coincident with opinion that implementation of 10 steps to successful breast-feeding is on high level. Results of reasearch may be a benefit and motivation for work of nursing personell of puerperium ward and rooming. Results may contribute to increase the quality of nursering care of breast-feeding mothers and newborns. In field can be results of the research used to increase the quality of mothers's training in breast-feeding both in pregnancy counsellings and prenatal courses. On the basis of this thesis results will be composed simple comprehensive manual, leaflet or web page which can be at mother's disposal by their attending gynaecologist, outpatient's department of maternity hospital, puerperium ward or at home via internet.
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Relationship of breastfeeding and the incidence of breast CA
HALUZOVÁ, Jaroslava
The object of this study was to find out, what the by breast cancer affected women know about the protective effect of the breast-feeding, how long they were breast-feeding and whether they know the risk factors of the forming of this sickness. The further object was to find out which knowledge the puerperas have about the protective effect of the breast-feeding, how long they plan to breast-feed and when, from who and which information they obtain about the breast-feeding. On the basis of dialogues was found out that the women with breast cancer know very little about the protective effect of the breast-feeding. Most of them never obtained information from anybody, only some of them heard or read about the protective effect of the breast-feeding. The relationship between the breast-feeding and cancer occurrence was approved, as only one of the women breast fed for more than a year. There is a minimal knowledge of women about the risk factors. Generally, they showed three risk factors which means that the knowledge is deficient and that the education in field of precaution is necessary. In the second part of the research it was found out that the education about breast-feeding is insufficient in the maternity hospital. The hospital nurses provide information about the breast-feeding technique and the care about breasts only. The women obtained information about the protective effect of the breast-feeding at the antenatal courses, some of them from web sites or print media. The puerperas plan to breast-feed for 11.5 months on an average which shows a very positive attitude to the breast-feeding of the children.
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The care of the physiological newborn in the first weeks after the hospital discharge
FAJMONOVÁ, Stanislava
The bachelor´s work of the title ?The care of the physiological newborn in the first weeks after the hospital discharge?, i of a quality research nature. The work is divided into a theoretical and a practical part. In the theoretical part, the physiological newborn and the home care essentials are characterized. This work also deals with the preventive care of the newborn. The work further presents single stages of a child development from birth up to the age of one year. In the practitcal research focuses on finding out the level and availability of the community care for newborn babies, how mothers are informed about the home care and the level of satisfaction with different subjects providing care to newborn babies after the hospital discharge. The aim of the work was to anter the question about the level of the nursing care of a newborn baby and communication with parents from the side of medical staff within periods from the maternity hospital discharge to the age of six keks from the parents point of view. To process these problems and to find out the above mentioned aim, it was chosen a quality research investigation by means of a non-standardized interview with eight women. On the basis of the results werw answered these research questions. Are midwives and paediatric nurses in the community able to fill in the imaginations of parents concerning the care of their child while having a corresponding level of professional training? What are mothers priorities while communicating with the medical staff? Do midwives of paediatric nurses visit newborn babies in their home background? Are, according to the parents, a midwife ´s interventions in the care of a newborn baby qualified? The results and knowledge of this bachelor´s work may serve all workers in the community care as a valuable source of information about the wishes and feelings of mothers at the present time on one side, and about the professional level of the care on the other side. A part of the work is the Ten Commandments for workers in the community care of mother and a newborn baby.
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History of infant nutrition since 1945 to 2008
VACUŠKOVÁ, Miluše
Nutrition of children of each age has its particular aspects. For the new born and infantile age it is mainly breast-feeding that is very significant. Nutrition with breast milk is ideally balanced, ensures the intake of high-quality nutrition that is well tolerated by the young organism and ensures the optimal growth and psychological development of the child. Thanks to its composition, breast milk increases the protective impact on the child with respect to infections and creates a natural bond between the mother and the child. In the Thesis, I was trying to look up decisive moments in the infantile nutrition concept both in this country and worldwide and to map the issue of breast feeding and formula feeding since the end of the Second World War up to the present. Also, I wanted to emphasize the irreplaceability of breast milk as wel as supplementing of artificial milks with probiotics, prebiotics, synbiotics and their importance in the nutrition of children. Objective No. 1 of the Thesis has been to look up the key points in the infantile nutrition concept in the world since the beginning of the nineteenth century and since 1945 until this day in the Czech Republic. Objective No. 2 has been to prove that infantile formula nutrition has been focusing also on the immunological aspect apart from the nutritional ones. Objective No. 3 has been to create and aducational program proposal, which can serve as a practical guide for the application of theoretical data in clinical practice. Data necessary to achieve the determined objectives have been acquired by studing, analyses and comparison of available written documents relating to the natural and formula nutrition of infants. Most of these documents have been intended for the educational purposes at secondary school and universities in the Czech Republic. Also, data heve been taken from publications for parents and broad public published since 1945 until this day. By way of illustration, certain charts containing schemes of artificial nutrition corresponding to the time of creation have been used. On these schemes I wanted to show the chages in the concepts brought about by the development not only in the knowledge and thinking of people dealing with the nutrition of infants but also in the new possibilities and technology of the food processing industry.
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Midwife as a lactation adviser
TOMÁNKOVÁ, Veronika
Breastfeeding is the best and, at the same time, the cheapest nutrition for babies. Current trends are in favour of breastfeeding and its support. Support of breastfeeding can be viewed as a preventative way of care, since a mother?s decision against breastfeeding her baby may have material adverse impact on the health of both the baby and the mother. Organisations devoted to support of breastfeeding can be found across the Czech Republic and the whole world. The theoretical part of this paper summarises findings concerning breastfeeding and lactation consultancy.The practical part of it is focused on gathering data from lactation consultants. For the purposes of this paper, I have set 3 objectives and 3 related questions. Objective 1: To map midwifes who provide lactation consultancy in the South Bohemian region. Objective 2: To establish the type of employment relationship under which lactation consultants provide their services. Objective 3: To define specific aspects of a lactation consultant?s job. I have chosen qualitative research as my method and conducted non-standardised interviews consisting of 28 open questions. My research group included 5 midwifes who provide lactation consultancy in the South Bohemian region. The research was performed through March and April 2011. Answers to the questions comprise the output of the research. Research Question 1: Are there enough midwives providing lactation consultancy in the South Bohemian region? Research Question 2: What type of employment relationship do the lactation consultants work under? Research Question 3: What are the specific aspects of a lactation consultant's job? The research questions have been answered. The research indicates that lactation consultants provide this service either as private midwifes or in their free time when off work, whilst employed in hospitals. Lactation consultancy is a specific type of job in that it's fieldwork. I have mapped lactation consultants in the South Bohemian region. 3 of my respondents stated that there was a lack of lactation consultants, however, that, for the time then being, the offer was meeting the demand. Students of midwifery, midwifes, but also nurses who work at hospital puerperium units can find this paper useful. It provides findings which may help to improve this type of work and may be useful for midwives who are interested in providing lactation consultancy.
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