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The biological significance of changes in the vascular wall and atherosclerotic plaque for the development of atherosclerotic disease of the coronary arteries
Horváth, Martin ; Hájek, Petr (advisor) ; Poledne, Rudolf (referee) ; Kovárník, Tomáš (referee)
Acute complications of atherosclerosis are typically caused by arterial occlusion due to acute thrombosis forming over a ruptured vulnerable atherosclerotic plaque (VP). Early identification of such VP prior to their rupture could help prevent these events. At the same time, methods for assessing cardiovascular risk are focused on measures at the population level and are not sensitive and specific enough to assess the risk of individual patients. We therefore focused on the possibilities of in vivo detection of VP using biomarkers and invasive imaging methods. First, we focused on the detection of microRNAs (miRs), which have been investigated in recent years as promising biomarkers for a number of diseases, including atherosclerosis. We determined miR levels using quantitative polymerase chain reaction in peripheral venous blood samples from patients in very early phase of ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI), which served as the closest clinical model of acute VP rupture. The results led to the identification of two miRs (miR-331 and miR-151-3p) that were deregulated in STEMI and could be biomarkers of VP. In the next part of the research, we dealt with the possibilities of invasive imaging of VP using intravascular ultrasound and near- infrared spectroscopy (IVUS and NIRS). We confirmed...
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Cerebral hypoxia in chronic kidney disease and its relation to cognitive decline
Kalendová, Lucie ; Malík, Jan (advisor) ; Bednářová, Vladimíra (referee) ; Janečková, Jana (referee)
Cerebral hypoxia in chronic kidney disease and its relation to cognitive decline Dissertation abstract - MUDr. Lucie Kalendová Introduction: Patients with chronic kidney disease in need of regular hemodialysis treatment have high rates of cognitive impairment. In its multifactorial etiology, vascular changes, cerebral ischemia and hypoxia play a major role. In our work we first studied the association between low cerebral oxygenation and cognitive impairment in this population. Subsequently, we focused on one of the possible etiological factors in this association - the presence of a vascular shunt for hemodialysis. Methods: Chronic hemodialysis patients without overt cognitive impairment participated in the studies. We used a near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) device named INVOS for monitoring cerebral oxygenation (rSO2). Cognitive function was assessed with the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA). To assess the effect of vascular shunt, we performed an interventional study based on short-term ultrasound-confirmed manual compression with continuous monitoring of rSO2. Results: In 39 patients (49 % women, age 64 ± 14 years) we observed a significantly lower rSO2 in the subgroup presenting cognitive decline than in patients without this diagnosis (48 ± 9 vs. 57 ± 10; p = 0.01). The association remained...
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Physiological responses on standardized climbing task in sport climbers
Gajdošík, Jan ; Baláš, Jiří (advisor) ; Radvanský, Jiří (referee)
Title: Physiological responses on standardized climbing task in sport climbers Purpose: To determine the effect of height, wall angle, climbing speed and climbing ability on physiological responses in sport climbers. Methods: The study was divided into three parts. 75 sport climbers (36 female and 39 male) completed differing tests on climbing wall and motorized climbing ergometer. Perceived exertion was assessed on a scale suggested by Borg. Indirect calorimetry, venous blood samples and near-infrared spectroscopy were used to assess physiological response, hormonal response and muscle oxygen saturation, respectively. Results: Perceived exertions were higher when climbing to height as opposes to climbing low to the ground on the treadwall (+5,3%; P = 0,013; ηp 2 = 0,149) (Study 1A). The physiological response was higher on the climbing wall as opposed to the treadwall: V̇ O2 (+6%; P = 0,03; ηp 2 = 0,22), SF (+4%; P = 0,04; ηp 2 = 0,20), V̇ E (+9%; P = 0,01; ηp 2 = 0,30) a EC (+16%; P < 0,001; ηp 2 = 0,48). There was an interaction for climbing ability and post- climbing catecholamine concentration (P < 0,01, ηp 2 = 0,28) (Study 1B). With increasing climbing speed greater differences were found for V̇ O2 (P < 0,001, ηp 2 = 0,923) than for StO2 (P < 0,001, ηp 2 = 0,448). Between-subject effect...
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Steppe or woodland? Ecological Conditions of Formation and Evolution of Chernozems in Central Europe
Vysloužilová, Barbora ; Šefrna, Luděk (advisor) ; Kalvoda, Jan (referee) ; Havlicek, Elena (referee)
Chernozem became the crucial soil for the beginnings of soil science through the work of Dokuchaev from 1883. Since then the genesis of chernozems in Central Europe has raised many questions among soil scientists, botanists and paleo-environmentalists. While in Eastern Europe chernozems have been described as zonal soils, that are typical for continental steppe and forest-steppe areas, there are areas in Central Europe which are predisposed by their climatic characteristics to the presence of woodlands. The goal of this dissertation is to enrich the discussion about the genesis of chernozems by restoring the environmental conditions that were prevalent during the formation of chernozem soils in Central Europe. Chernozems are usually developed on loess with a very thick and dark organic surface which passes directly to a calcareous horizon. The organic matter underwent a polymerization in dependence on climate contrasts. However, in Central Europe, the climatic characteristics of the areas of chernozems are a bit different. These chernozems are supposed to have been formed under the climatic conditions that dominated Central Europe during the Late Glacial and the Early Holocene. The climatic nuances may contribute to the explanation of the differences in distribution of chernozems ("drier") and...
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Physiological responses on standardized climbing task in sport climbers
Gajdošík, Jan ; Baláš, Jiří (advisor) ; Radvanský, Jiří (referee) ; Vajda, Matej (referee)
Title: Physiological responses on standardized climbing task in sport climbers Purpose: To determine the effect of height, wall angle, climbing speed and climbing ability on physiological responses in sport climbers. Methods: The study was divided into three parts. 75 sport climbers (36 female and 39 male) completed differing tests on climbing wall and motorized climbing ergometer. Perceived exertion was assessed on a scale suggested by Borg. Indirect calorimetry, venous blood samples and near-infrared spectroscopy were used to assess physiological response, hormonal response and muscle oxygen saturation, respectively. Results: Perceived exertions were higher when climbing to height as opposes to climbing low to the ground on the treadwall (+5,3%; P = 0,013; ηp 2 = 0,149) (Study 1A). The physiological response was higher on the climbing wall as opposed to the treadwall: V̇ O2 (+6%; P = 0,03; ηp 2 = 0,22), SF (+4%; P = 0,04; ηp 2 = 0,20), V̇ E (+9%; P = 0,01; ηp 2 = 0,30) a EC (+16%; P < 0,001; ηp 2 = 0,48). There was an interaction for climbing ability and post- climbing catecholamine concentration (P < 0,01, ηp 2 = 0,28) (Study 1B). With increasing climbing speed greater differences were found for V̇ O2 (P < 0,001, ηp 2 = 0,923) than for StO2 (P < 0,001, ηp 2 = 0,448). Between-subject effect...
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Steppe or woodland? Ecological Conditions of Formation and Evolution of Chernozems in Central Europe
Vysloužilová, Barbora ; Šefrna, Luděk (advisor) ; Kalvoda, Jan (referee) ; Havlicek, Elena (referee)
Chernozem became the crucial soil for the beginnings of soil science through the work of Dokuchaev from 1883. Since then the genesis of chernozems in Central Europe has raised many questions among soil scientists, botanists and paleo-environmentalists. While in Eastern Europe chernozems have been described as zonal soils, that are typical for continental steppe and forest-steppe areas, there are areas in Central Europe which are predisposed by their climatic characteristics to the presence of woodlands. The goal of this dissertation is to enrich the discussion about the genesis of chernozems by restoring the environmental conditions that were prevalent during the formation of chernozem soils in Central Europe. Chernozems are usually developed on loess with a very thick and dark organic surface which passes directly to a calcareous horizon. The organic matter underwent a polymerization in dependence on climate contrasts. However, in Central Europe, the climatic characteristics of the areas of chernozems are a bit different. These chernozems are supposed to have been formed under the climatic conditions that dominated Central Europe during the Late Glacial and the Early Holocene. The climatic nuances may contribute to the explanation of the differences in distribution of chernozems ("drier") and...
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The Efficient Application of Near Infrared Spectroscopy with Fourier Transformation for Prediction of Wheat Technological Parameters
Dvořáček, Václav ; Prohasková, Anna ; Štočková, Lenka
This method brings to the users basic information about principles and features of NIR spectroscopy as well as more detailed view of the state-of-the-art capabilities of NIR spectroscopy in wheat quality prediction. The agriculture professionals will use supportive information about possible utilization of the method including practical tips for proper NIR spectrometer selection. For both, the current and prospective users, the method provides practical guidance to device handling, management of calibration sets and calibration models development. The objective evaluation of the 21 predictive models based on FT-NIR measurement, covering the results of 14 reference analytical methods aimed at wheat quality. Furthermore, it offers information useful directly in breeding programs, mill and bakery production and also in agriculture sector, government control and at universities.
Fulltext:  PDF
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Využití NIR spektroskopie při kontrole falšování kozích sýrů
Přikrylová, Iveta
Diploma thesis deals with use of near-infrared spectroscopy to detect falsification of goat's cheese. The basic knowledge of goat's and cow's milk and requirements for milk during cheese production are summarized in the theoretical part. There is also described the cheese production and the following part is devoted to food falsification with describing falsification of milk products and the facilities of adulteration detection by optical methods. The remaining part deals with NIR spectroscopy as a suitable method for the verification of food authenticity. The practical part is focused on the use of NIR spectroscopy to detect the difference between cheese samples with different concentrations of cow's milk in goat's cheese and subsequent use of discriminant analysis for evaluation. The results showed that the method is suitable for detection of falsification of goat's cheese and that is why could be useful for rapid analysis in practice.
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