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Analýza masné užitkovosti vybraných plemen masného skotu
Ovčáček, Jindřich
The aim of the bachelor thesis was to analyse selected breeds for meat performance parameters in the Czech Republic. The analysed breeds Aberdeen angus, Hereford, Charolais and Meat Simmental were measured during the year for individual meat performance parameters such as birth weight, weight at 120 and 210 days, gain up to 120 days, gain up to 210 days, gain between 120 and 210 days, slaughter weight, average gain to age at slaughter, total gain and carcass. These results were then compared between breeds and the economics of breeding selected beef cattle breeds were also determined from these data. The result showed that breed has an effect on meat performance, with the Charolais and Meat Simmental breeds performing best and the Aberdeen Angus and Hereford breeds performing worst in the comparison between breeds. Sex within breed was also found to influence meat yield, with bulls of all breeds studied achieving higher meat yields than heifers.
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The effect of age on selected prenatal outcomes and breastfeeding
Fontániová, Simona ; Lukšová, Markéta (advisor) ; Tomášková, Zuzana (referee)
: For my bachelor's thesis, I chose the topic Influence of age on selected prenatal outcomes and breastfeeding. The thesis contains a theoretical part and a practical part. In the theoretical part, I try to explain the difficulties associated with pregnancy. In the first chapter, I focused on high-risk pregnancy and childbirth. Subsequently, disorders of the duration of pregnancy, which include miscarriage, premature birth, ectopic pregnancy and post-term pregnancy. In the second chapter, I continue with the importance of breastfeeding and, at the same time, breastfeeding problems that can trouble the mother. In the third chapter, I deal with the classification of newborns and birth injuries. For my practical part of the research work, I chose a questionnaire that reached mothers of different age categories via the Internet. I believe that my bachelor's thesis will benefit all women who are not aware of difficulties in pregnancy at an older age. Based on research, I found that age plays an important role in a woman's life during pregnancy. A woman's age has a negative impact both on the ability to get pregnant and on the birth itself and subsequent breastfeeding. Keywords : Breastfeeding, high-risk pregnancy, advanced maternal age, pregnancy, labor, maternal outcomes, fetal outcomes, birth weight,...
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Vlivy působící na hmotnost jehňat při narození
PITROVÁ, Ludmila
The aim of the Diploma thesis was to monitor and evaluate selected influences on the weight of lambs at their birth. There were used basic breeding records of 604 lambs of both sexes in the breed of Wallachian sheep from the farm Ing. Jan Vejčík for the analysis. Birth weights were evaluated according to sex, litter frequency, litter order, paternal line and the year of birth. The results of the comparison brought the following findings. The influence of the father on the live weight of the lambs at birth was confirmed by the F test based on the significance level (p < 0.05 to 0.01) as statistically significant to almost highly significant. Comparing the average weight of lambs at birth by father´s line, the birth weight of lambs of the VALVEJ line clearly prevails. Moderate differences were shown between the effects of the frequency and order of litter, the other in terms of importance was the influence of the year of birth of lambs. The effect of sex of live-born lambs was statistically insignificant.
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Analysis of the relationships of selected somatic characteristics of newborns and mothers - population probe.
Špičáková, Dagmar ; Krásničanová, Hana (advisor) ; Brůžek, Jaroslav (referee)
9 Abstract Aim of the study. In mammals, including humans, the dominance of maternal influence on fetal size is manifesting. The main known limits from non-genetic components causing the physiological variation of the birth weight are maternal skeletal dimensions (body height and weight) and parity. The main aim of our study is to analyze the relationships between maternal height, maternal weight at the beginning and at the end of gravidity, and anthropometric parameters of a newborn. Data and Methods. Our study is based on transversal anthropometric data of 201 newborns (92 boys, 109 girls) born in Regional Hospital Kladno during one year (from September 2010 till August 2011), and their mothers. In one set of newborns (n = 156) 24 different body sizes were measured in detail. In the second group (n = 45) only birth weight, birth length and head circumference of the newborn were registered. Somatic characteristic of mothers were gathered by questionnaire. Results. The average value of the birth weight of newborns (boys: x = 3 318 g, girls: x = 3 232 g), maternal height ( x = 167,3 cm) and maternal pregravid weight ( x = 64,7 kg) correspond to the reference values. The maternal average age is 29,9 years. Statistically significant dependence can be seen between the birth weight and birth length of a newborn...
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Infant mortality in the Czech Republic and Europe: trends and patterns
Magenheimová, Kateřina ; Rychtaříková, Jitka (advisor) ; Šídlo, Luděk (referee)
Infant mortality in the Czech Republic and Europe: trends and patterns Abstract This Master's thesis addresses the development of infant mortality in the Czech Republic between the years 1950 and 2016 using more detailed indicators of infant mortality. To evaluate the impact of infant mortality rate, on the lengthening life expectancy at birth in the Czech Republic and selected European countries, a decomposition of life tables is included. Selected European countries are then compared with the use of cluster analysis, based on infant mortality indicators and life expectancy at birth by sex. Finally, an analysis is made on the basis of infant life tables which are calculated by sex, birth weight and legitimacy for the Czech Republic. Keywords: infant mortality, Czech Republic, European countries, tables of infant mortality, sex, child-legitimacy, birth weight, decomposition, cluster analysis
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Birth weight of newborns with orofacial clefts
Hofmannová, Oldřiška ; Hovořáková, Mária (advisor) ; Buchtová, Marcela (referee)
Orofacial clefts are frequent congenital anomalies. A combination of genetic and environmental factors contributes to their formation. Orofacial clefts together with growth retardation belong among the indicators of embryo toxicity. This thesis is focused on the potential relationship between birth weight and orofacial clefts of newborns born in Czech Republic. The non-syndromic cleft lip, cleft lip and palate, isolated cleft palate and patients with Pierre-Robin sequence are discussed here. Evaluation of the relationship between the birth weight and orofacial clefts was performed on the base of statistical analysis. The differences were tested in children with different types of orofacial clefts and in cleft patients compared to healthy control. Statistical analysis of variance demonstrated that the type and severity of the cleft (unilateral/ bilateral) does not affect birth weight of newborns with orofacial clefts. Newborns with non-syndromic clefts had reduced birth weight in comparison to healthy controls. Cleft patients with Pierre-Robin sequence (syndromic form of cleft) did not differ in birth weight from healthy children. To verify the results obtained in patients with orofacial clefts that the birth weight is lower in these patients compared to control, two experiments on a chicken model...
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Changes in birth rate with focus on the birth weight
Ščučková, Dominika ; Rychtaříková, Jitka (advisor) ; Kraus, Jaroslav (referee)
Changes in birth rate with focus on the birth weight Abstract The aim of the thesis was the study of birth weight from the second half of the last century to the present. Development and current situation of the birth weight was divided into two separate chapters, according to the vitality to live born and stillborn. Both live born and stillborn was analyzed according to characteristics of newborn. Detailed elaboration was focused on infant sex, marital status, and education of mother. The aim was also to describe factors impacting birth weight. These were divided into three groups, demographic and constitutional, obsteric factors and lifestyle factors, and there were detailed described. Keywords: birth rate, birth weight, factors impacting birth weigh
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Analysis of the relationships of selected somatic characteristics of newborns and mothers - population probe.
Špičáková, Dagmar ; Krásničanová, Hana (advisor) ; Brůžek, Jaroslav (referee)
9 Abstract Aim of the study. In mammals, including humans, the dominance of maternal influence on fetal size is manifesting. The main known limits from non-genetic components causing the physiological variation of the birth weight are maternal skeletal dimensions (body height and weight) and parity. The main aim of our study is to analyze the relationships between maternal height, maternal weight at the beginning and at the end of gravidity, and anthropometric parameters of a newborn. Data and Methods. Our study is based on transversal anthropometric data of 201 newborns (92 boys, 109 girls) born in Regional Hospital Kladno during one year (from September 2010 till August 2011), and their mothers. In one set of newborns (n = 156) 24 different body sizes were measured in detail. In the second group (n = 45) only birth weight, birth length and head circumference of the newborn were registered. Somatic characteristic of mothers were gathered by questionnaire. Results. The average value of the birth weight of newborns (boys: x = 3 318 g, girls: x = 3 232 g), maternal height ( x = 167,3 cm) and maternal pregravid weight ( x = 64,7 kg) correspond to the reference values. The maternal average age is 29,9 years. Statistically significant dependence can be seen between the birth weight and birth length of a newborn...
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Analysis of birth weight and losses in piglets
DULOVCOVÁ, Ivana
The aim of the theses was to evaluate the characteristics of reproduction of sows with focus on birth weight of piglets and losses of piglets. Forty-two litters were studied. The average number of piglets born alive was 12.38. The average percentage of stillborn piglets per one litter was 5.43, the percentage of mortality until the weaning was 27.8. The average birth weight of piglets born alive was 1.29 kg. Most of the piglets (51%) fell into 1.051.5 kg category with an average weight of 1.30 kg. The relationship between number of piglets born alive and their birth weight was r = -0,121. The average weight of stillborn piglets was 1.08 kg. The gestation period of gilts was 0.28 day shorter than the sow gestation period and they gave birth to 4.03 fewer piglets born alive than sows. The gilts showed a higher proportion of piglets' mortality until the weaning (the difference was 3.46%). The sows showed higher average weight of piglets born alive (the difference was 0.19 kg). The sows with longer gestation period (114 days) gave birth to 0.15 piglet born alive more than the sows with shorter gestation period (less than 113 days). The sows with shorter gestation period showed smaller proportion of stillborn piglets from all born piglets, the sows with longer gestation period showed smaller proportion of piglets' mortality until weaning. In deliveries longer than 8 hours 10.37 piglets were averagely born alive, which was 2.52 piglets less than for sows with deliveries shorter than 6 hours, or 2.6 piglets less than for the sows with deliveries from 6 to 8 hours. In deliveries shorter than 6 hours was the highest number of stillborn piglets. The highest mortality of piglets was until 24 hours after a birth (33%), 28% of piglets died the second day, 12% died the third day and 9% the fourth day. The mortality decreased noticeably from the fifth day after the birth.
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