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Characterization of polyelectrolyte complexes using structural and thermal analysis
Řiháčková, Barbora ; Smilek, Jiří (referee) ; Krouská, Jitka (advisor)
This master thesis deals with study of chitosan-lignohumate, chitosan-polystyrenesulfonate, chitosan-alginate and chitosan-carrageenan polyelectrolyte complexes. The work was motivated by research of finding suitable alternative substance for lignohumate. The molecular weights of substances were characterized using SEC-MALLS. A degree and a character of the interactions between polyelectrolyte were studied by isothermal titration calorimetry and dynamic light scattering method. The calorimetric experiments proved that decreasing concentration of samples causes decreasing of heat flow. The best calorimetric measurements were provided by adding chitosan into polymer solution. The interactions between chitosan and polyanions and influence of mixing order were proved also by measuring intensity of zeta potential, Z-average of particle size and turbidity. New chitosan-based materials have a big potential in agriculture and medicine.
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Dual-focus FCS in colloidal research
Chovancová, Romana ; Kapusta, Peter (referee) ; Mravec, Filip (advisor)
Tato práce se zabývá studiem fluorescenčně značeného hyaluronanu, konkrétně rhodaminylamino hyaluronátu sodného (Hya-Rh, 40 kDa), pomocí dvouohniskové fluorescenční korelační spektroskopie (2f-FCS). Nejdříve byla prostudována literatura týkající se využití FCS techniky v koloidní chemii a při studiu polymerů, přičemž následně byly shrnuty veškeré poznatky o využití 2f-FCS metody. Na základě prvotních měření byl zjištěn vhodný postup přípravy a způsob uchovávání vzorku Hya-Rh používaném pro následující experimenty. Záhy byly prostudovány možné vlivy koncentrace Hya-Rh na jeho difúzní charakteristiky jak ve vodě, tak ve fyziologickém roztoku. Následně bylo studováno chování Hya-Rh a vliv koncentrace solí alkalických kovů ve vodných roztocích těchto solí a fluorescenčně značeného hyaluronanu. Poté bylo sledováno chování Hya-Rh v závislosti na koncentraci velmi nízkomolekulárního hyaluronanu (VLMW HA, 404 kDa) v čisté vodě i ve fyziologickém roztoku, přičemž získané výsledky byly mezi sebou porovnány. Nakonec bylo využití 2f-FCS metody celkově zhodnoceno a popsáno z hlediska studia chování fluorescenčně značeného hyaluronanu v roztocích.
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Study of preparation and structure of nanofibers of inorganic and organic biomaterials
Ručková, Jana ; Částková,, Klára (referee) ; Cihlář, Jaroslav (advisor)
The aim of this Master’s thesis is to investigate the preparation and structure of nanofibres of inorganic and organic biomaterials. Nanofibres of polycaprolactone, chitosane and their composites with hydroxyapatite particle were prepared by centrifugal force spinning process, which uses centrifugal forces for nanofibres spinning. Designed nanofibres can be used in bone tissue engineering. Experimental activity has started with synthesis of hydroxyapatite nanoparticles and preparation of polymer solutions and composite suspensions at different concentrations. The solutions and the suspensions were characterized by density and viscosity which were changed in dependence on temperature and polymer concentration. The solutions and the suspensions were spun at varying speeds and using two different sizes of collectors. The dependence of spinneret head revolution speed, size of collectors and polymer concentration on nanofibres diameter was studied. Biological activity of polycaprolactone and hydroxyapatite/polycaprolactone nanofibres was tested by means of SBF.
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Crosslinking of polysaccharide microfibers
Svidroňová, Barbora ; Abdellatif, Abdelmohsan (referee) ; Vojtová, Lucy (advisor)
Všeobecne, cieľom tejto diplomovej práce bola príprava a charakterizácia sieťovaných hyaluronových mikrovláken, ktoré by boli stabilné vo vodnom prostredí s vhodnými mechanickými vlastnosťami. Vlákna pripravené technikou zvlákňovania z roztoku boli sieťované pomocou roztoku so sieťovacím činidlom 1-Ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl) carbodiimidom alebo roztoku s dvoma sieťovacími činidlami 1-Ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl) carbodiimidom a N-hydroxysuccinimidom, vedúcim k amidácii a tvorbe esterových väzieb. Charakterizácia pripravených vzoriek je hlavným cieľom experimentálnej časti práce. Charakteristiky botnání boli vykonané na určenie stability vláken v troch rôznych roztokoch (s pH 7.4, 3 a 11). Na určenie termickej stability bola využitá termogravimetrická analýza a na stanovenie esterifikácie a amidácie bola použitá infračervená spektroskopia s Fourierovou transformáciou. Mechanické vlastnosti vláken boli študované pomocou testovania závislosti stress-strain. Ďalej boli testované reologické vlastnosti ako aj mikroštruktúra a povrch vláken pomocou skenovacieho elektrónového mikroskopu. Vlákna pred chemickým sieťovaním vykazovali nižšiu stabilitu vo všetkých troch roztokoch, termálna stabilita bola taktiež nižšia ako stabilita zosieťovaných vláken. Pre vlákna chemicky nemodifikované so sieťujúcim činidlom, sa objavil iba jeden typ píku pre esterifikáciu. Infračervené spektrum chemicky zosieťovaných vláken ukázalo prítomnosť dvoch píkov pre esterifikáciu, čo je prejavom efektivity sieťovacieho činidla. Amidácia bola tiež výraznejšia pri zosieťovaných vláknach, špeciálne pre vlákna sieťované dlhú dobu a v roztoku s vyššou koncentráciou sieťujúceho činidla. Kvôli nerovnomerným vláknam, mechanické vlastnosti nevykazovali žiadnu závislosť na sieťovaní. Štúdium reológie ukázalo, že viskozita vlákna rozpusteného vo vode je menej závislá na šmykovej rýchlosti ako prášok hyaluronanu sodného rozpusteného vo vode. Napriek mnohým rôznym metódam charakterizácie vláken, ktoré boli použité v tejto práci, je stále veľa možností pre lepšiu charakterizáciu a bližšie pochopenie tohto biopolymérneho materiálu.
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Swelling behavior and bioactivity of humic acids hydrogels
Kozelková, Aneta ; Hynšt, Jaroslav (referee) ; Sedláček, Petr (advisor)
This thesis deals with the study of the biological activity of humic substances. Based on the literature review preparation procedures were optimized in order to develop new hydrogel forms containing humic substances and biopolymers with high swelling capacity. Besides methodology for the rapid assessment of the biological activity obtained in laboratory conditions were designed and tested. The experimental part focused on characterization of hydrogel samples by means of routine physico-chemical methods, the main attention was paid to sorption of water and release of humic substances into solution. Then the prepared hydrogel materials were tested focusing on the growth effects on the maize. The absorption of mineral nutrients by the roots of plants were studied as well. The motivation of this work comes from the potential of agricultural and environmental applications of such hydrogel materials resulting in a renewal of previously exhausted organic content of soils and consequent interruption of substantial soil degradation.
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Hydrogels made of biopolymers for agricultural and environmental applications
Ondruch, Pavel ; Záhora, Jaroslav (referee) ; Sedláček, Petr (advisor)
This diploma thesis is focused on development and characterization of hydrogel materials for agricultural use. In the experimental section, different methods of preparing these materials were designed and optimized according to previous literature review. In the characterization of resulting materials, the main attention was paid to the kinetics of swelling, to the solubility, the leaching of nitrate and of humic compounds. Thermogravimetric analysis represented another important characterization technique, which provided information about the content and form of water bound in the material. The development of the material aimed mainly at an agricultural application providing the delivery of nutrients to soil and regulation of water content in soil.
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Polymers for health care and medicine
Jahodová, Daniela ; Ročňáková, Ivana (referee) ; Němec, Karel (advisor)
This bachelor thesis discusses polymers that are used in medicine and healthcare. In general, it addresses the field’s already known products and their possible further research and spreading of their use. Most people imagine medical polymer applications mainly in the forms of syringes, catheters, latex gloves, and the like. This text’s goal is to point out how much potential there is in further research of the material allowing for qualities as varied as biodegradable pill coating and high resistant dental implant.
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Preparation of mixed colloids of humic acids with biopolymers
Ondruch, Pavel ; Pospíšilová, Ľubica (referee) ; Klučáková, Martina (advisor)
This bachelor’s thesis discusses an applicability of innovative colloidal forms of humic acids, prepared by a complexation with biopolymer chitosan. In experimental part, suitable procedures have been proposed and optimized for the preparation of hydrogels and xerogels made of these abundant polymeric substrates. In characterization of resulting materials, major attention was paid to the determination of the water content and the swelling ability. Besides, mechanical properties were studied as well. The development of a desired material aims at an industrial or agricultural utilization of sorption abilities and a tendency to immobilize various pollutants in the environment. Another advantage is represented by the ability to control the release of humic substances from the gel to environments.
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