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Use of microbial community structure as a marker of conditions in underground biotops
Burkartová, Kateřina ; Falteisek, Lukáš (advisor) ; Drahota, Petr (referee)
The amount of data obtained by barcoding of prokaryotic 16S rDNA from natural habitats is increasing exponentially. Thus, methods enabling us to extract useful information from these data are of increasing importance. In this thesis microbial communities from water, sludge and drilling dust were analyzed by 16S rDNA sequencing in three geologically well described sedimentary aquifers in Bohemian Massif. The main goal of this research was to establish how different analytical approaches can be useful in interpretation of groundwater biogeochemical processes. Three approaches were used: First, taxonomy and metabolic traits of the most abundant microorganisms were assessed. Second, ordination methods showing metabolic and taxonomic variability between communities were used. Last the analysis of phylogenetic dissimilarity using UniFrac metrics was performed. When analyzing individual localities separately, the shift in microbial community composition corresponds with the change of environmental conditions. The unconstrained ordination method based on the variability in metabolic traits indicated, that sludge samples are more informative than water samples when asking which electron donor is used in microbial communities. On the other hand, unconstrained ordination methods were useless when the...
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Mineralization of nutrients during the process of spruce dead wood decomposition in the mountain forest
Višňová, Anna ; Hofmeister, Jan (advisor) ; Choma, Michal (referee)
Summary: This thesis is focused on collecting information on the importance of dead wood on biogeochemical cycles of chemical elements in the mountain forest ecosystems of central Europe. The goal of this thesis was to determine the concentration of various elements(C, N, P, Ca, Mg, K, Na, Mn, Al, Fe) in the coarse woody debris of spruce samples of different age, stage of decomposition which were collected in different localities in the national park Šumava. Another goal was to determine the speed of which these elements are released from the dead wood. The information on the quantity of different elements and the speed of their release is currently lacking and could lead to better understanding of various biogeochemical cycles of elements in the mountain forest. During the decomposition the concentration of the elements N, P, Al and Fe increased whereas the Kalium concentration decreased. The other elements' (C, N, Ca, Mg, Mn) concentrations varied. Carbon constituted approximately 50% of weight in all of the samples analyzed. We carried out a laboratory experiment based on decomposition of dead wood samples in various stage of decay during a period of six months. The released concentration of CO2 was measured at two to four weeks intervals. The release of CO2 continually decreased during the experiment.....
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Biogeochemické cykly ekologicky významných prvků v měnících se přírodních podmínkách lesních ekosystémů NP Šumava
Správa národního parku Bayerische Wald ; Česká zemědělská univerzita, Fakulta lesnická a environmentální ; Ústav pro hydrodynamiku AV ČR, Praha ; Hydrobiologický ústav AV ČR, České Budějovice ; Česká geologická služba, Praha ; Beudert, Burkhart ; Máca, Petr ; Šír, Miloslav ; Tesař, Miroslav ; Metelka, Václav ; Vrba, Jaroslav ; Kopáček, Jiří ; Oulehle, Filip ; Hofmeister, Jeňýk ; Hruška, Jakub
Zpráva shrnuje poznatky získané v období listopad 2004 - prosinec 2005, které jsou doplněny o předchozí pozorování členů autorského kolektivu. Zaměření je na biogeochemické a hydrologické charakteristiky území na obou stranách Šumavy. Zpráva je rozdělena do částí: Zhodnocení látkových toků v NP Šumava na třech povodích s různým typem managementu; Chemismus půd a jehličí ve studovaných povodích; Modelování dlouhodobého vývoje chemismu vod a půd; Změny chemismu a oživení Rachelsee na Šumavě v důsledku kůrovcové kalamity a zotavování ekosystému z acidifikace; Vyhodnocení vodního režimu půd na lokalitách lišících se vegetačním krytem v Národním parku Šumava; Vliv usazených srážek na vodní a látkovou bilanci malého horského povodí.
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