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The importance of the Alps as a refugium in the Quarternary climate cycle with a focus on molluscs.
Gelnarová, Barbora ; Juřičková, Lucie (advisor) ; Coufal, Radovan (referee)
The Alps are a well-known glacial refugium, an important biodiversity hotspot and a centre of endemism for many species. This is due to their topological variability and the high heterogenity of their habitats, which thus provide a home for different species of organisms. In particular, the Eastern Alps represented an important glacial refugium and contributed to the survival of countless different species during the Quaternary climate cycle. This bachelor thesis is a literature review of mainly zoological publications that focus on the study of glacial refugia of terrestrial gastropods in the Alps. A large part of the thesis is devoted to the reasons for the considerable biodiversity, and especially the endemism, of this region. Another part deals with the postglacial dispersal spread of terrestrial gastropod species from their refugia. Key words: Alps, refugium, endemism, biodiversity, Quarternary, postglacional spread, molluscs, paleobiology
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Loss of valuable meadow biotopes in connection with the construction of new buildings
Nikodýmová, Amálie ; Křenová, Zdeňka (advisor) ; Bílá, Karolína (referee)
- AJ The protection of natural habitats is crucial for maintaining biodiversity and providing ecosystem services. Despite efforts to protect within the Natura 2000 network, there is a decline in these valuable communities. The reasons for these changes are varied, with significant factors including habitat loss due to construction. This work focuses on methodological approaches to protecting grassland habitats within Natura 2000 sites and examines their relationship to urbanization using the example of the special area of conservation Šumava. It includes testing a methodology for assessing the impacts of construction on habitats and proposing solutions that could help improve the protection of natural habitats in the context of current and future construction projects. Key words: Natura 2000, biodiversity, meadows, development, the assessment of the impact of the proposal
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Ecology of the Tree of Heaven (Ailanthus altissima) in the Czech Republic
Stejskalová, Nikol ; Weiser, Martin (advisor) ; Pergl, Jan (referee)
The Tree of Heaven (Ailanthus altissima) is an invasive deciduous tree, which has spread to every continent except Antarctica from its original area. It came to the Czech Republic in the 19th century as ornamental tree to the gardens of castles and parks. Later it spread to surrounding cities, but also into wild nature. Nowadays we find it in the Czech Republic primarily in hotter and drier areas and human disturbed areas. Its occurrence in these areas may suggest ideal conditions, which A. altissima seeks for its growth and spread. Studied conditions in this bachelor thesis are light, temperature, soil, water availability and overall environment, which A. altissima finds in its native and non-native area. Limits for the individual conditions were investigated, and these could define, where A. altissima can appear and where it cannot. Then everything was linked to the conditions in the Czech Republic. The results show that its appearance in the Czech Republic is mostly affected by altitude and average annual temperature linked with it. Shading limits A. altissima, but less than it was expected. When it comes to soil and water availability, A. altissima is very undemanding. The question is if A. altissima has already managed to occupy every location where it is able to grow in the Czech Republic and...
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Impacts of illegal trade in endangered animal and plant species in terms of environmental safety
Čonková-Skybová, Izabela ; Chaloupková, Ilona (referee) ; Adamec, Vladimír (advisor)
This thesis focuses on the issue of illegal trade in endangered species and its impact on environmental security. In the first part of the work, illegal trade in endangered species is described, where the issue of endangered species, the extent of illegal trade, the most common causes, and consequences of illegal trade in endangered wild animals and plants are clarified in individual chapters. Subsequently, in the practical part, the practical aspect of this issue is analyzed, and the observance of the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES) by the Slovak Republic is analyzed. The analysis deals with a comparison of Slovak legislation with the legislation of other countries, the capacity and equipment of relevant state administration bodies. The strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats of Slovakia in the field of illegal trade in endangered wild animals and plants are summarized. In response to the weaknesses, the work proposes a few measures that Slovakia should implement for more effective implementation of the CITES Convention.
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Human ecosystem
Lapšanská, Gabriela ; Vitková, Lubica (referee) ; Mléčka, Jan (advisor)
The diploma thesis focuses on the conversion of a railway brownfield. Abandoned and contaminated areas are currently becoming valuable resources for ecological sustainability and contribute to improving the quality of life in the city. The aim of the work is to find alternatives while respecting the existing construction with minor architectural interventions. Connecting the area with the urban structure, meaningful functional fulfillment, and year-round programming ensure the pulsation of a ‚living center‘ in the emerging landscape forest park.
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Improving Urban Ecosystems by Increasing the Number of Vegetated Roofs
Sukopová, Dagmar
Urban ecosystems are often characterised by a lack of greenery. This results in a deteriorating environment for citizens, but also in the extinction of many animal and plant species. One solution that is being offered is to gradually increase the areas covered by vegetation, especially on buildings that are often otherwise unused.
The article analyses the possibilities of using all possible green areas with practical examples.
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Supporting grassland biodiversity through small-scale fallows
Fabšičová, Martina ; Frei, I. ; Jiroušek, M. ; Smetanová, S. ; Šipoš, Jan ; Trnka, F. ; Vymyslický, T. ; Winkler, J. ; Zdražílková, M.
The main goal of the methodology presented here is to propose a system of recommendations for applying fallow in nature conservation based on our experiments. Due to the independence of agricultural land outside specially protected areas with direct payments from the Ministry of Agriculture, it is currently important to apply the methodology, especially in large protected areas where the primary objective is to preserve natural and cultural heritage. Annual and perennial fallows, i.e. biotopes adapted toregular soil disturbance, offer suitable habitats for a number of now-threatened plant and animal species. This is a technically and economically easy solution, but it is challenging to select a suitable location to achieve maximum efficiency. Ploughing must not be used in species-rich grasslands which would lead to ruderalization and degradation of the native vegetation. Furthermore, it must not be carried out on land at risk of erosion. Linear grassland margins, which have been ploughed in the past, recently grassed fields, fallows, and field margins should be selected for fallow management. Nearby populations of invasive plant species can be a problem. Our recommendations for the use of fallow management relate primarily to land in lowland and upland areas with a lower soil nutrient supply.
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Fast-growing trees as a renewable energy source
Žvaková, Veronika ; Půčková, Helena (referee) ; Kotlík, Josef (advisor)
This bachelor thesis is focused on biomass as a renewable energy sources. The main topic is fast growing trees and their effects on biological diversity, the local ecosystem and landscape ecology. Literature survey was conducted regarding using this kind of biomass in the Czech Republic. Thesis reviews technological methods of cultivation and treatment of fast growing trees.
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Hevlín – place in the landscape
Kubíčková, Karolína ; Veselá, Markéta (referee) ; Foretník, Jan (advisor)
The aim of the thesis is to create a landscape that supports water retention and helps the river Dyje to create a branched, meandering watercourse. The design also deals with the permeability of the territory and the design of wooden objects that respond in function and shape to the created landscape.
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