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Advancing efforts to improve sanitation conditions: insights from India
Ficek, František ; Novotný, Josef (advisor) ; Roubík, Hynek (referee) ; Chakraborty, Saurav (referee)
Inadequate sanitation is a significant global challenge, impacting the lives of billions of people. It has serious implications for human health and impedes progress towards development targets. Among the countries most affected, India stands out, having until recently recorded an especially low percentage of the population practicing hygienic sanitation. In response to previous underperformances of national-level campaigns, the Indian government launched the Swachh Bharat (Clean India) Mission in 2014, as the largest sanitation program worldwide, with the goal of eliminating open defecation by 2019. This dissertation project, initiated in 2016, aims to examine sanitation change in India. Through contextually sensitive case studies it analyzes national sanitation policies and trends in sanitation interventions. The research involved analyzing the situation in rural Jharkhand through repeated cross-sectional household surveys supplemented by qualitative interviews with the data collection conducted in 2016 and 2019. Additionally, the research included a qualitative study examining the perspectives of practitioners on a specific sanitation intervention and a comparative study of national sanitation policies implemented in India and Ethiopia. The research revealed that the Swachh Bharat Mission...
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Motivation for treatment of dependence on addictive substances among patients in detoxification department
Břoušková, Barbora ; Šťastná, Lenka (advisor) ; Dvořáček, Jiří (referee)
Background: The psychology of behavior change and addictive substance users' motivation to get treatment is a topical issue in addictology. The reasons why patients enter treatment vary; they have different goals, and they differ in the degree to which they are able to reflect these goals. To understand addictive behavior, it is necessary to pay attention to all aspects that determine it, i.e. to recognize the abilities, opportunities and motivations of their behavior and their interaction. The topic of patient motivation at the very beginning of the institutional treatment process of addiction, i.e. when entering detox, was not given enough attention in the Czech Republic, despite the fact that detoxification is in many cases the first, indispensable step in starting medium-term and long-term residential treatment of addiction, and work with motivation is a method of direct work with patients. Aims: To map the motivation for treatment of addiction to addictive substances in patients voluntarily hospitalized at the Detox K20department at the Kosmonosy Psychiatric Hospital. To describe the characteristics of these patients, the differences in their motivation and compare their motivation in terms of socio-demographic data, preferential addictive substances, experience with addiction treatment and...
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Software approaches for development hygiene and sanitation in developing countries and influencing factors
Kačmáčková, Kamila ; Novotný, Josef (advisor) ; Preis, Jiří (referee)
Jméno a příjmení autora: Bc. Kamila Kačmáčková Název bakalářské práce: Software approaches for development hygiene and sanitation in developing countries and influencing factors Katedra: sociální geografie a regionálního rozvoje Vedoucí bakalářské práce: Doc. RNDr. Josef Novotný, Ph.D. Rok obhajoby: 2015 Abstrakt The subject of this master thesis are software approaches for development right sanitation behavior. First part - theoretical describes hygiene and sanitation section and specific type of development projects - software approaches. Practical part of the thesis based on the systematic review describes external factors influencing sanitation behaviors. Result is summary of influencing external factors categorized into five groups: socio-cultural, economic, political, and physical-geographic and factors of current sanitation conditions Keywords Hygiene and sanitation, development countries, software approaches, behavior change, factors, context
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