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Design, Synthesis, and Application of Novel Bifunctional (Thio)urea Organocatalysts Derived from Saccharides & Catalytic Asymmetric C−H Arylation of (η6-Arene)Chromium Complexes
Gergelitsová, Ivana ; Veselý, Jan (advisor) ; Sedlák, Miloš (referee) ; Urban, Milan (referee)
The first part of the thesis is focused on the design, synthesis, evaluation, and application of novel bifunctional (thio)urea organocatalysts derived from saccharides. Combination of H-bonding donor (thio)urea moiety with Lewis base active site in a single chiral scaffold (e.g., 1,2-trans-cyclohexyl, cinchona alkaloids, 1,1'-binaphthyl) is a popular motif in catalyst design. Only limited attention has been paid to the synthesis of bifunctional (thio)ureas using saccharides as a chiral scaffold. Saccharides bring the advantage of the availability of various diastereomeric forms. Moreover, they offer modification of steric, electronic, and solubility properties via O-substitution. Three types of novel organocatalysts were designed: C2-symmetrical thiourea/tertiary amines entirely derived from 2-amino-2-deoxy saccharides, thiourea/primary amines based on pentopyranose and a cyclohexane skeleton, and (thio)urea/tertiary phosphines containing both saccharide and α-amino acid unit. Both functional groups of organocatalysts of the first type are located on the saccharide unit, and it is the only element which fully determines stereoselectivity. This is an exceptional approach as the majority of saccharide-based organocatalysts use saccharide as a bulky electron- withdrawing substituent. However, the...
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Enantioselective reactions catalyzed by chiral heterocyclic compounds
Vlašaná, Klára ; Kotora, Martin (advisor) ; Starý, Ivo (referee) ; Sedlák, Miloš (referee)
Novel bis(tetrahydroisoquinoline) N,N'-dioxides 1,2 belong to the group of compounds with axial chirality that act as a Lewis base. These properties make them useful chiral catalysts in reactions such as allylation, opening of epoxides, etc. that exhibit high enantioselectivity. The prepared chiral bis(tetrahydroisoquinoline) N,N'-dioxides (R,Rax,R)-1, (R,Sax,R)-1, (Rax,R)-2 a (Sax,R)-2 were tested as catalysts in enantioselective allylation of variously substituted α,β−unsaturated aldehydes and dienals with allyltrichlorosilane (Scheme 1). All the catalysts exhibited high catalytic activity as well as high asymmetric induction (up to 96% for α,β- unsaturated aldehydes;1 up to 98 % for dienals). Appropriate choice of solvent as a reaction medium3,4 and substitution in α-position in aldehydes were the crucial factors for the successful course of the reaction. The catalytic activity of (R,Rax,R)-1 and (R,Sax,R)-1 was also tested in asymmetric opening of meso-epoxides with tetrachlorosilane (ee up to 69 %) (Scheme 2). N N O O O O 1 N N O O O 2 Scheme 1 Scheme 2 1) Vlašaná, K.; Hrdina, R.; Valterová, I.; Kotora, M. Eur. J. Org. Chem. 2010, 7040. 2) Kadlčíková, A.; Hrdina, R.; Valterová, I.; Kotora, M. Adv. Synth. Catal. 2009, 351,1279. 3) Hrdina, R.; Opekar, F.; Roithová, J.; Kotora, M. Chem. Commun....
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Phosphinoferrocene conjugates of selected amino acids
Tauchman, Jiří ; Štěpnička, Petr (advisor) ; Růžička, Aleš (referee) ; Dvořák, Dalimil (referee)
A series of chiral phosphinoferrocene amides was prepared by the condensation either of 1'- (diphenylphosphino)ferrocene-1-carboxylic acid (Hdpf) or its planar-chiral 1,2-isomers and amino acid methyl esters in the presence of peptide coupling agents. The resulting phosphinoamides were tested as ligands in Cu-catalyzed asymmetric conjugate additions of diethylzinc to chalcones and in Pd-mediated asymmetric allylic substitution reactions of 1,3- diphenylallyl acetate with the respective nucleophile (alkylation, amination and etherification). The catalytic tests were focused on an optimization of the reaction parameters (solvent, temperature, base, metal/ligand ratio) and on survey of various substrates. Compounds based on Hdpf proved to be better ligands in both catalytic reactions than their planar chiral analogues. In order to rationalize the influence of the ligand structure on the reaction course and also to interpret the catalytic results, several model complexes were prepared and structurally characterized. Other three series of non-chiral complexes were prepared from the corresponding (η6 - arene)ruthenium(II) precursor and Hdpf-glycine conjugates; the neutral complexes of the type [(arene)RuCl2(Hdpf-Gly(R)-κP)] (arene = benzene, p-cymene, hexamethyl-benzene; R = OMe, NH2, OH) as well as two...
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