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The influence of intensity of agricultural land use on pollinator diversity and abundance
Tomsová, Lucie ; Janovský, Zdeněk (advisor) ; Černá, Kristýna (referee)
Agricultural intensification is one of the main reasons for the decline of biodiversity and ecosystem services in agricultural landscape. One of the ecosystem services is pollination, which helps to preserve the biodiversity of wild plants in cultural landscape and is also vital for production of food, especially fruits and vegetables. Decreasing management intensity could be one of the potential solutions for maintaining sufficient level of pollination in the agricultural landscape. This can be achieved at least on parts of agricultural land. Also, certain areas of cultivated land can be excluded from production in exchange for subsidies for farmers who agree to implement this method. For this reason, the European Union has introduced organic farming and agri- environmental schemes. The aim of the study was to determine whether currently applied low-intensity management is sufficiently effective to protect wild plants, pollinators and their mutual relations. And if so, whether it is due to the decreased management intensity or due to the floral sources available. Another question dealt with is how the effects of organic farming depend on the landscape structure. Results of various studies dealing with this topic were qualitatively compared. Current studies show that organic farming has positive...
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The effect of agri-environmental schemes on biodiversity
Vodička, Jan ; Reif, Jiří (advisor) ; Kindlmann, Pavel (referee)
The aim of thesis is summary of current results of scientific publications evaluating effectiveness of agri-environmental measures in the relation to biodiversity. This work deals with this issue in Europe, characterizes the situation in selected European countries and evaluate the effectiveness of compensation schemes and individual measures on selected groups of organisms. It also deals with the factors influencing the effectiveness and methodical approaches of evaluation studies. Results of studies suggest a low to medium efficiency of allover measures for plants and invertebrates and low efficiency for birds. Conversely targeted measures had a high efficiency, but their overall significance was very low due to small proportion of land compared to the horizontal measures.The worst situation was in the Netherlands, in other countries the results were relatively similar.
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The Birds of Agricultural Landscape and the Lapwing (Vanellus vanellus) Population Decline in the District of Rakovnik
Gregorková Vicjanová, Vladimíra ; Řezníček, Jan (advisor) ; Andreska, Jan (referee)
The diploma thesis deals with the topic of birds of the agricultural landscape of the Rakovník district, covering an area of 930 km2, which is situated about 35 km west of Prague. The work focuses mainly on the occurrence of the Northern Lapwing (Vanellus vanellus) in this area. Between 2016 and 2018, a total of 19 sites were visited on which the occurrence of the Northern Lapwings had been monitored in the previous years. The Northern Lapwing was found only at four of these sites. The successful breeding of three Lapwing chicks was observed at one of the monitored sites - near the village Petrovice (11th May 2017). The diploma thesis analyzes the data obtained by monitoring the areas with proven (even non-nesting) occurrence of Northern Lapwing and is compared with the census of Milan Tichai from 2012 to 2016. The comparison shows that the numbers of the Northern Lapwing nesting in the Rakovník landscape are dwindling, even though the birds still pass through the area in relative abundance in migration. E.g. there were three cases of successful nesting recorded in the monitored localities in 2014, but only one at the time of my observation in 2017. The occurrence of the Northern Lapwing in the studied area is related to the state of the Rakovnik agricultural landscape. At the end of the thesis are...
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The effect of agri-environmental schemes on biodiversity
Vodička, Jan ; Reif, Jiří (advisor) ; Kindlmann, Pavel (referee)
The aim of thesis is summary of current results of scientific publications evaluating effectiveness of agri-environmental measures in the relation to biodiversity. This work deals with this issue in Europe, characterizes the situation in selected European countries and evaluate the effectiveness of compensation schemes and individual measures on selected groups of organisms. It also deals with the factors influencing the effectiveness and methodical approaches of evaluation studies. Results of studies suggest a low to medium efficiency of allover measures for plants and invertebrates and low efficiency for birds. Conversely targeted measures had a high efficiency, but their overall significance was very low due to small proportion of land compared to the horizontal measures.The worst situation was in the Netherlands, in other countries the results were relatively similar.
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Možnosti uplatnění vybraných agroenvironmetálních opatření na sledovaných pozemcích
Hanusová, Helena
This thesis deals with the design of agro-environmental schemes in a particular area. The theoretical part of this work deals with biodiversity and agri-environmental programs. This section also contains a brief characterization of GAEC and SMR. The next part contains the characteristics of the natural conditions in the area of interest, a brief description of the estates concerned, an analysis of the historical development of land use and the calculation of the coefficients of ecological stability. In the area of interest there was conducted a fytocenological survey and compiled an inventory of species occurring at the site. According to the findings, specific local environmental schemes are proposed. Three bio-belts, grassing-over of two lands and agri-environmental restrictions supporting the presence of birds and mammals are suggested.
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Hodnocení vlivu agroenvironmentálních opatření na zimoviště kalouse pustovky (Otis flammeus) a motáka pilicha (Circus cyaneus)
Poláková, Zdeňka
ABSTRACT The aim of the thesis "Evaluation of the impact of agri-environmental measures on wintering Short-eared Owl (Asio flammeus) and Hen Harrier (Circus cyaneus)" is to make an analysis of the current farming and to define an corresponding management in chosen locality. In the opening part of the thesis there is made the analysis od agricultural management within the area called Komarov -- Special Protection Area (in Elbe river basin) and also the description of the bird species and the description of the chosen agricultural farm together with the evaluation of the requirement on the system of agricultural management. The part of the thesis is also the analysis of draft of the document "The Program for Rural Development" for the years 2014 -- 2020, on this analysis was proposed the optimal management. There was also evaluated the quantity of birds in the locality and the possible damages on animals and deer were considered. There were specified the ecosysteme services from the descibed arrangement. Key words: Short-eared Owl, Hen Harrier, agroenvironmental arrangement, agriculture.
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Hodnocení vlivu agroenvironmentálních opatření - biopásy
Bukáčková, Anna
The aim is to evaluate the implementation and management used to upgrade agri-environmental measures - bio-belts . To achieve the objective, the analysis of the selected company which has bio-belts including the assessment of agri-environmental management. It also includes a description of important bird species that utilize these bio-belts and their importance in agroecosystems. Attention is paid to the partridge (Perdix perdix). For evaluation and design was selected soil block, where the farmer implements appropriate agri-environmental measures, which reflect the occurrence of partridges. In accordance with the chosen methodology was evaluated for its contribution to the support of biodiversity and measures have been proposed innovation, which leads to economical loss, in order to improve the current management. The proposed innovation is based on the upcoming agricultural subsidy policy for the period 2014 - 2020 period. To evaluate the contribution of the measure is to use a methodology which takes into account the numbers of birds and damage caused by animals in the area. In conclusion, the evaluated ecosystem services that are provided by the proposed measures. Keywords:
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Příčina selhávání politiky rozvoje venkova: případ vybraných nástrojů druhé osy PRV.
PRAŽAN, Jaroslav
This study was focused on reasons for ineffectiveness of agri-environmental measure, which is the policy in which the state compensates farmers for losses caused when participating at production of public goods. The work selected as a subject of the study agri-environmental contract and its characteristics and other institutions, of which maturity influence the effects of that policy. The main goal was to identify these characteristics of contract and assess their balance in relation to the purpose and subject of the contract and long term benefit of both sides of the contract. Attitudes on the maturity of the contract characteristics have been collected between farmers and state administrators in survey (as sites of the contract) on national level and also in four regional case studies. It was revealed that most of the contract characteristics were not mature enough to serve to long term benefit for both sides of the contract, which decreases potential effectiveness of the agri-environmental policy. These are for example: information availability, trust between sides of the contract, tendencies to strategic behaviour, power distribution in the contract, sharing risks in the contract, adequacy of compensation level. Control and penalty system was regarded as rather adequate. Not mature institutions and characteristics of the contract increase transaction costs of both sides of the contract and decrease willingness to renew the contracts in future. The results of the research are for the state administration a good base for improvement of the contract in order to increase effectiveness of the agri-environmental policy in question.
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