|
|
Parental care in crocodylians with an emphasis on acoustic communication between parent and young
Míka, Milan ; Frýdlová, Petra (advisor) ; Sedláček, Ondřej (referee)
Parental care for offspring encompasses a variety of behaviors aimed at increasing the offspring's survival rate. However, as the care of the offspring requires a lot of energy it raises a conflict between the parents. It would be more advantageous for each parent to leave a larger portion of parental care to the other. This would reduce the costs associated with care while increasing the success of gene transmission through offspring. This bachelor thesis describes parental care in several selected groups of animals. It reports the most common forms of parental care in these groups and, through individual examples, points out more complex or unusual forms and types of reproductive behavior. Examples are selected with consideration of similarities or differences with parental care in crocodiles. In the second part of this work, I focus on the order of Crocodylia, where parental care and acoustic communication are key elements of reproductive behavior and often determine the lives of crocodile offspring. I highlight similarities between crocodiles and their closest relatives, birds (Aves). Emphasis is placed on the analogy between crocodiles and birds and my observations suggest possibilities of ancestral behavior for the order Crocodylia and the entire group Archosauria. The result of the work is a...
|
|
|
Vocal expressions in preverbal children
Štěpánková, Marie ; Havlíček, Jan (advisor) ; Houzar, Alžběta (referee)
The main acoustic communication channel in humans is speech. However, people also exhibit a number of non-speech vocal manifestations. Vocal manifestations contain several parameters that can be measured and parameters that can be perceived. Vocalization can be divided into positive and negative, so it can be assumed according to the contexts in which they occur. Based on this, their possible communication function can be assumed. Vocal expressions are important for communication with the environment especially in preverbal children, i.e. from birth to about 1 year of life. Vocal manifestations include, for example, crying, laughing, grumbling or babbling. Some vocalizations can contribute to speech development. Key words: vocal display, preverbal children, acoustic communication, speech, humans
|
|
|
Acoustic communication and its variability in selected populations of ground squirrels of the genus Spermophilus
Schneiderová, Irena ; Vohralík, Vladimír (advisor) ; Sedláček, František (referee) ; Špinka, Marek (referee)
The thesis deals with vocalizations produced by Eurasian ground squirrels of the genus Spermophilus. It is mainly focused on inter-species and intra-species variability in acoustic structure of alarm calls which are emitted in presence of predators.The major part of the thesis deals with intra-species variability in acoustic structure of the alarm calls in five Eurasian ground squirrels, Spermophilus citellus, S. taurensis, S. xanthoprymnus, S. suslicus and S. fulvus. It has been confirmed that the alarm calls of these ground squirrels show a high level of species specificity. The thesis further describes another vocalizations produced by three Eurasian ground squirrel species, Spermophilus suslicus, S. citellus and S. fulvus, and shows that with the exception of the alarm calls, vocal repertoires of these three ground squirrels are remarkably similar. The last part of the thesis deals with individual distinctiveness of the alarm calls of three Eurasian ground squirrels, Spermophilus citellus, S. taurensis and S. xanthoprymnus. It has been shown that the alarm calls of these species have a significant potential to encode information about caller identity.
|
|
|
Acoustic communication and its variability in selected populations of ground squirrels of the genus Spermophilus
Schneiderová, Irena
Acoustic communication and its variability in selected populations of ground squirrels of the genus Spermophilus (abstract) Irena Schneiderová; Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague The thesis deals with vocalizations produced by Eurasian ground squirrels of the genus Spermophilus. It is mainly focused on inter-species and intra-species variability in acoustic structure of alarm calls which are emitted in presence of predators. The major part of the thesis deals with intra-species variability in acoustic structure of the alarm calls in five Eurasian ground squirrels, Spermophilus citellus, S. taurensis, S. xanthoprymnus, S. suslicus and S. fulvus. It has been confirmed that the alarm calls of these ground squirrels show a high level of species specificity. The thesis further describes another vocalizations produced by three Eurasian ground squirrel species, Spermophilus suslicus, S. citellus and S. fulvus., and shows that with the exception of the alarm calls, vocal repertoires of these three ground squirrels are remarkably similar. The last part of the thesis deals with individual distinctiveness of the alarm calls of three Eurasian ground squirrels, Spermophilus citellus, S. taurensis and S. xanthoprymnus. It has been shown that the alarm calls of these species have a...
|
|
|
Individual variation in vocalization of Carnivores
Švůgrová, Barbora ; Linhart, Pavel (advisor) ; Vokurková, Jana (referee)
For carnivorans, as well as for other groups of animals, it is very important to be able to recognize other individuals. In this thesis, I focused on individual vocal variation in carnivoran's calls. I reviewed studies which desribed individual variability of calls in carnivorans. I focused on studies which used diskriminant analysis to quantify individual variation in calls. I updated the review of Insley et al. (2003) who suggested that the ability of individual recognition is more advanced in the Otariidae compared to Phocidae. My quantitative comparison on individual variability of Otariidae and Phocidae voices shows that the reason could be that Otariidae have more individually distinct voices. Furthermore, I compared the inidivuality in calls of other carnivorans. The comparison results do not support the hypothesis that animals living in groups have individually more variable voices than the animals living solitairy or in pairs. However, individuality seems to be influenced by ontogeny as it is easier to individually recognize calls of adults than calls of juveniles. In general, there have been many studies published about vocal individuality in carnivorans, but most of the research was done on just two very social families: Otariidae and Phocidae. It is necessary to study other carnivora...
|
|
|
Acoustic communication and its variability in selected populations of ground squirrels of the genus Spermophilus
Schneiderová, Irena
Acoustic communication and its variability in selected populations of ground squirrels of the genus Spermophilus (abstract) Irena Schneiderová; Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague The thesis deals with vocalizations produced by Eurasian ground squirrels of the genus Spermophilus. It is mainly focused on inter-species and intra-species variability in acoustic structure of alarm calls which are emitted in presence of predators. The major part of the thesis deals with intra-species variability in acoustic structure of the alarm calls in five Eurasian ground squirrels, Spermophilus citellus, S. taurensis, S. xanthoprymnus, S. suslicus and S. fulvus. It has been confirmed that the alarm calls of these ground squirrels show a high level of species specificity. The thesis further describes another vocalizations produced by three Eurasian ground squirrel species, Spermophilus suslicus, S. citellus and S. fulvus., and shows that with the exception of the alarm calls, vocal repertoires of these three ground squirrels are remarkably similar. The last part of the thesis deals with individual distinctiveness of the alarm calls of three Eurasian ground squirrels, Spermophilus citellus, S. taurensis and S. xanthoprymnus. It has been shown that the alarm calls of these species have a...
|
|
|
Acoustic communication and its variability in selected populations of ground squirrels of the genus Spermophilus
Schneiderová, Irena ; Vohralík, Vladimír (advisor) ; Sedláček, František (referee) ; Špinka, Marek (referee)
The thesis deals with vocalizations produced by Eurasian ground squirrels of the genus Spermophilus. It is mainly focused on inter-species and intra-species variability in acoustic structure of alarm calls which are emitted in presence of predators.The major part of the thesis deals with intra-species variability in acoustic structure of the alarm calls in five Eurasian ground squirrels, Spermophilus citellus, S. taurensis, S. xanthoprymnus, S. suslicus and S. fulvus. It has been confirmed that the alarm calls of these ground squirrels show a high level of species specificity. The thesis further describes another vocalizations produced by three Eurasian ground squirrel species, Spermophilus suslicus, S. citellus and S. fulvus, and shows that with the exception of the alarm calls, vocal repertoires of these three ground squirrels are remarkably similar. The last part of the thesis deals with individual distinctiveness of the alarm calls of three Eurasian ground squirrels, Spermophilus citellus, S. taurensis and S. xanthoprymnus. It has been shown that the alarm calls of these species have a significant potential to encode information about caller identity.
|
guest ::
