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Electrochemistry of Acetaminophen
Mikysek, T. ; Ludvík, Jiří
The contribution is focused on electrochemical oxidation of acetaminophen mainly in non-aqueous media. The influence of various organic solvents as well as the pH effect is described herein. The redox properties of acetaminophen were studied by means of cyclic voltammetry, and rotating-disk voltammetry. We found that the protonation/deprotonation of acetaminophen acts as a ratedetermining step, where the stability of phenoxy radical intermediate plays an important role.
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Use of Fenton Reaction for Drug Degradation in the Ecosystem
Tomešová, Lenka ; Smrček, Stanislav (advisor) ; Břichnáčová Habartová, Věra (referee)
The elimination of unwanted substances from the ecosystem can be accomplished by advanced oxidation processes (AOP). AOPs are used preferably in treatment of wastewater. One of the AOP's methods is Fenton's reaction. The degradation of drug residues by this reaction was the aim the project. The experiments were focused on finding possible degradation products, which could be much more hazardous than parent compounds. The study was primarily concerned with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (acetaminophen, diclofenac, ibuprofen, naproxen and salicylic acid) and antiepileptic carbamazepine. The complete decomposition of tested compounds was not observed by using HPLC and MS analysis. The products of decomposition were found in reaction mixture, in case of diclofenac dechloration of aromatic ring occurred. In cases of most compounds with exception of acetoaminophen and salicylic acid the reaction led to the formation of more polar products than parent compounds. The results imply that even more advanced oxidation processes do not cause complete destruction of organic compounds. Key words: Fentons reaction, drug residues, acetaminophen, diclofenac, ibuprofen, carbamazepine, naproxen, salicylic acid.
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Pharmacological perspectives and clinical benefits of SIRT1 and AMPK activators and inhibitors in inflammatory and oxidative stress in the liver
Njeka Wojnarová, Lea ; Kutinová Canová, Nikolina (advisor) ; Hodek, Petr (referee) ; Votava, Martin (referee)
Introduction: Liver diseases represent a significant cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Previous experimental studies have shown that polyphenolic compound, resveratrol, as a less specific activator of sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) and AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) can effectively attenuate acute liver injury. Although SIRT1 and AMPK have been widely studied for many years, further evidence for a mutual SIRT1/AMPK signaling mechanism and how it is modulated by drugs of small molecules had not been fully clarified at start of our experimental work. Goal: The main objective of the presented research was to investigate the relationship of SIRT1 and AMPK in process of hepatotoxicity/hepatoprotection in in vivo and in vitro animal model of acute drug-induced liver injury. Methods: Male Wistar rats were used for both in vivo and in vitro studies. Hepatotoxicity was induced by a single dose of D-Galactosamine (GalN)/lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or acetaminophen (APAP). Some rats and cultured hepatocytes were treated by resveratrol, synthetic selective activator or inhibitor of SIRT1 and AMPK. Biochemical markers of liver injury (aminotransaminases, total bilirubin), oxidative stress (nitrites) and lipid peroxidation (conjugated dienes, TBARS) were measured in the plasma, medium or liver homogenate. Liver...
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Use of Fenton Reaction for Drug Degradation in the Ecosystem
Tomešová, Lenka ; Smrček, Stanislav (advisor) ; Břichnáčová Habartová, Věra (referee)
The elimination of unwanted substances from the ecosystem can be accomplished by advanced oxidation processes (AOP). AOPs are used preferably in treatment of wastewater. One of the AOP's methods is Fenton's reaction. The degradation of drug residues by this reaction was the aim the project. The experiments were focused on finding possible degradation products, which could be much more hazardous than parent compounds. The study was primarily concerned with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (acetaminophen, diclofenac, ibuprofen, naproxen and salicylic acid) and antiepileptic carbamazepine. The complete decomposition of tested compounds was not observed by using HPLC and MS analysis. The products of decomposition were found in reaction mixture, in case of diclofenac dechloration of aromatic ring occurred. In cases of most compounds with exception of acetoaminophen and salicylic acid the reaction led to the formation of more polar products than parent compounds. The results imply that even more advanced oxidation processes do not cause complete destruction of organic compounds. Key words: Fentons reaction, drug residues, acetaminophen, diclofenac, ibuprofen, carbamazepine, naproxen, salicylic acid.
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