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The ability of nitrogen oxides to cause a major-accident
RÖSZLER, Tomáš
This bachelor thesis is focused on the potential of nitrogen oxides in the flue gas to cause a major accident. The aim of the bachelor thesis was to assess the potential of nitrogen oxides, which are a part of the flue gas, to cause a major accident by reacting with gas phase LPG. The theoretical part of the thesis describes the current state of prevention of major accidents and the handling of chemical substances, the legal framework of this topic and the system of research. It also describes the current state in the topic of flue gas, legal framework and its origin. Finally, the theoretical part describes nitrogen oxides, their origin, characteristics, dangerous properties and methods of their analysis. The aim of this work was to assess the risk posed by nitrogen oxides in the exhaust gas, in this case exhaust gases of cars and heaters, in area of major accidents prevention and the ability to cause a combustion of gas phase LPG and consequently a major accident. The necessary data for this assessment were obtained by sampling the exhaust gas, determining the concentration of nitrogen dioxide in the samples, and by then carrying out an experimental determination of whether the contact of the gases at these concentrations would cause a combustion. To find out the concentration of nitrogen dioxide in the flue gas, the Saltzman flue gas sampling and subsequent analysis method was used. The results show that passenger cars with diesel engines have the highest concentrations of nitrogen dioxide in their exhaust gas. The results of experiments with gas phase LPG did not prove the ability of nitrogen dioxide to initiate a combustion of LPG at concentrations around 100 ?g/l, or to initiate a combustion with diesel car exhaust gas.
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Emergency preparedness in the chemical enterprise Synthos Kralupy a.s. in the release of hazardous substances
TYEMNYÁKOVÁ, Lucie
The risk of serious accident is increasing with the rise of the amount of chemical industry manufacturing. This accident can have immeasurable consequences. The aim of this thesis is to point out the consequences caused by leakage of dangerous substance of petrol from the biggest cistern in chemical company Synthos Kralupy a.s. and to suggest steps for emergency clearance. To fulfil the aim, examination of serious accident risks had to be carried out first. The method of Dow's Fire and Explosion Index was used for this examination which enabled evaluation of a real fire and explosion risk. Apart from these methods, another method called IAEA-TECDOC-727 was also used. Consequently, possible scenarios of dangerous substances leakage from storage cistern were created. These were simulated through software programmes ALOHA and TerEx. Acquired results were then well arranged in charts. During the research of this issue, a method of controlled interviews was used. These interviews with employees of firefighter emergency service were focused on emergency readiness of the chemical company Synthos Kralupy a.s. A cistern containing dangerous substance represents a crucial risk, even though the results showed that the accident of all petrol leakage from the cistern is very unlikely. However, this accident should not be neglected because a dangerous cloud reaching 565 m from the site of the accident would occurred. The dangerous cloud cause mortality of 70% within a distance of 2,000 m and a distance of 4,970 m to the 1 st degree burns. If all petrol leaked from the cistern, the consequences would be much bigger than just pollution. It would also include death toll, health problems and vast property damages.
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Prevention of the possible accidents in DIAMO state enterprise, Těžba a úprava uranu division Stráž pod Ralskem
ŠIMÁČKOVÁ, Eva
This bachelor thesis focuses on the area of precaution of serious emergency inception in buildings or facilities in DIAMO state-owned enterprise, fraction plant Extraction and Uranium Processing (Těžba a úprava uranu, further o. z. TÚU). This work elaborates the means of securing elementary tenets and principles in the area of precaution of serious emergency inception. The introductory part of the bachelor thesis emphasizes the need of solving the precaution of serious emergency inception area primarily because of the increasing amount of dangerous substances, which are becoming possible sources of people´s health and property hazard. Also the number of operators increases, who handle dangerous substences. All these aspects raise the risk of serious emergency inception. In the theoretical part most importantly the findings are elaborated, which were gained from specialist information sources. The basic legal regulation in the Czech Republic which adjusts the area of precaution is the legal code nr. 59/2006 on emergency inception precaution caused by chosen chemicals or chemical agents. Individual requirements following the law on serious emergency precaution and its regulation nr. 256/2006 on partialities of the serious emergency precaution system are elaborated in the theoretical part. An important part of the bachelor thesis are the research question determination and the research methods. To solve the question whether a document update on serious emergency precaution in o. z. TÚU is necessary, a procedure was set which the analysis of security documents and internal regulations was built on. The research was focused on the analysis of the current state and the changes which have taken place since the last update of the Security Report. Appraisal of the current state was carried out using consultations. In order to asses the possible impact of these changes on precaution guarantee, besides others a situation modelling of a one-time ammonia leakage was tried out in the programme TerEx. The basis for fulfilling the aim of the bachelor thesis was a detailed familiarization with the complete security documentation of the assessed building. The security documentation includes the Security Report processed in accordance with the regulation nr. 256/2006 on partialities of the serious emergency precaution system. The Security Report consists of several parts which include technical description of the building or facility, a description of the operated technologies using dangerous substances, and a description of the precautionary measures. After the consultations with the specialist senior executive of the security and occupational hygiene department an inspection to the building or facility in their presence was made and was described. The discussion summarizes the results which the analysis of the Security Report brought. The second part of the discussion takes the real changes into consideration with respect to their possible influence on the operation security. The result of this evaluation is elaborated in the suggestion Report of Consideration of the Security Report, which is attached to this bachelor thesis. The work was suggested and presented to the Regional Office in the Liberec Region and discussed with the workers of the department of environment and agriculture. In closing I want to mention that the system of serious emergency precaution in o. z. TÚU is specially elaborated, similarly it is working and compatible with the valid legal requirements. On the basis of the presented and suggested Report of Consideration of the Security Report we can claim that with respect to the impact of the carried out changes to guarantee precaution of serious emergency inception it is not necessary to upload the Security Report.
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The sector determination of emergency plan for ČEPRO, Corp. - store Včelná, by act No. 59/2006 Sb., about the prevention of hard accidents.
PAULŮ, Zuzana
ABSTRACT For my diploma thesis I have chosen a topic focusing on the setting of the zone of emergency planning in accordance with Act No. 59/2006 on prevention of major accidents, for the facility of ČEPRO Inc., the storage area of Včelná. The topic has been chosen for several reasons {--} I consider it interesting, and I am convinced that it is absolutely essential to create a zone of emergency planning for the above mentioned complex. A major accident is defined under Act 59/2006 of Collection, on prevention of major accidents, as an extraordinary, partly or completely unmanageable, terminable and spatially limited event, for example a major leakage, fire or explosion, which has already appeared or whose occurrence is imminent in connection with using the venue or facility in which a dangerous substance is produced, processed, prepared or stored, and which leads to a major jeopardy or to a major impact upon life and health of people, livestock and environment or financial damage. The first part of the diploma thesis presents the legislation concerning the setting the zone of emergency planning. Furthermore, the legislation concerning the issue in selected countries of the European Union is mentioned. The description of the storage facility belonging to the company ČEPRO Inc. in Včelná in the town of České Budějovice follows. The second part of the thesis focuses on the setting of the zone of emergency planning for the ČEPRO company in Včelná, and the evaluation of the questionnaires submitted to residents living in the surroundings of this storage facility. The discussion of the issues given above is presented in the third part of the diploma thesis. The following hypotheses were set and analysed {--} whether the emergency plan for the ČEPRO Inc. in Včelná is sufficiently elaborated and whether the residents living in the surroundings of ČEPRO have become sufficiently familiar with a potential danger.
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Insurance responsibility for damage caused in relation with a major accident
Žižka, Jan ; Šauer, Petr (advisor) ; Hadrabová, Alena (referee)
My dissertation deals with the insurance responsibility for damage caused in relation with a major accident. The main goal of this task is to evaluate the state intervention in the form of a compulsory liability insurance for firms, which can cause a major accident. In my work I will support the thrust of the state intervention and will try to find a premise for that. I will show that the target of compulsory liability insurance is not to complicate life of new firms or of existing ones. I want to demonstrate that compulsory insurance leads to a better precaution for a major accident and it can also lead to precaution and safety investments. Further, I want to point out that compulsory insurance does not protect only firms, but also their creditors and employees. The protection company is to avoid a pointless risk in case that the firm itself takes too low an aversion towards risk. If the firm employes the compulsory liability insurance, the insurance company becomes another control body that is responsible for safety. This is consequently a benefit for taxpayers, whose money is not used for some damages caused by insolvent companies. The benefit for creditors and injured employees is also a big security in case of an accident, where an insurance company ensures a company's solvency. There are many other good reasons for compulsory insurance, and we can definitely find bad reasons too. Overall however, I see compulsory insurance as beneficial.
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