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Regional energetic waste exploitation
Krňávek, Martin ; Putna, Ondřej (referee) ; Bébar, Ladislav (advisor)
The master’s thesis deals with technologies for energy utilisation of waste with annual treatment capacity approximately from 10 to 50 kt/year and their application in regions of the Czech Republic. In the first part of the thesis the results of heat consumption analysis in seven regions of the CR are introduced while in two selected regions a production of waste was analyzed too. The main part deals with the design of technological solution of waste-to-energy plant with medium capacity and its integration to specific conditions of the two selected regions. Alternatives of combined heat supply were assessed from waste-to-energy plant as well. A basic economic analysis that contains the estimates of incomes and capital expenditures and operating expense is a part of this thesis too.
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Refuse Derived Fuel
Exnerová, Anežka ; Kalivodová, Markéta (referee) ; Lachman, Jakub (advisor)
This bachelor’s thesis deals with the Waste-to-Energy topic focusing on refuse derived fuels. The aim of the first part is to describe what refuse derived fuels are, what are their properties and composition. From this point of view, we determine a comparison with municipal solid waste. Second part is about production process. Possible parameters of refuse derived fuels and the technological process of mechanical-biological treatment are presented here. Following part is focused on fuel combustion. This chapter lists combustion plants and emissions from the incineration of waste and refuse derived fuel.
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Dispersion studies for logistic problems
Dvořáček, Jan ; Šomplák, Radovan (referee) ; Pavlas, Martin (advisor)
Presented diploma thesis deals with the application of dispersion modelling of emissions from stationary sources of pollution as a potential tool which can be used for data preparation in reverse logistic models. In this case, the stationary source is represented by a waste-to-energy plant. The thesis consists of two main parts -- theoretical and computational. Firstly, emission sources and pollutants originating in thermal waste treatment are discussed. In the second chapter, legislation linked to the problem of air pollution is listed and the topics of current air quality in the Czech Republic and dispersion studies are outlined. Closing section of the theoretical part provides information about the principals of dispersion calculations and classification of dispersion models is given. In the computational part, the used dispersion software SYMOS'97 is introduced and the series of conducted calculations is presented. The calculations investigated the influence of plant capacity, dispersion conditions and terrain on the results. The input data of plant capacity and wind rose were indicated as key parameters in the calculation. The final evaluation revealed a good potential of the used dispersion model as a support tool in reverse logistic models.
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Importance of heat supply from waste-to-energy plants
Kopecký, Václav ; Janošťák, František (referee) ; Putna, Ondřej (advisor)
This thesis is focused on identifying main factors influencing economical rentability of energy generated using incineration of municipal waste. Research was conducted focusing on municipal waste management, waste-to-energy possibilities and the issue of district heating systems, which are important considering the economy of waste-to-energy plants. Main limiting factors were identified using mathematic models adjusted for specific geographic locations.
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Waste management system sustainability
Bravený, Adam ; Touš, Michal (referee) ; Pavlas, Martin (advisor)
The thesis proposes a new approach to assess sustainability of waste management systems. In the first part current mixed municipal waste (MSW) management system of the Czech republic is reviewed and promising MSW treatment techniques are introduced. In the second part a summary of literature on Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) approach to assess sustainability of MSW systems is provided. A new sustainability assessment model is proposed by implementing LCA to a current tool called NERUDA used to optimize waste management costing. It is demonstrated how to connect these two concepts in order to aquire a powerful tool for sustainability assessment.
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Analysis of Interactions in Waste Management
Szásziová, Lenka ; Hájek, Jiří (referee) ; Hrabec,, Dušan (referee) ; Stehlík, Petr (advisor)
PhD thesis deals with the application of simulation, forecasting and optimization methods in the waste management. An introduction describes current state and outlook in the waste management in the Czech Republic. The following chapter analyzes the available data base in the field of the waste management in the Czech Republic, focusing on the specifics and problems such as variable availability of spatially and hierarchically structured, heterogeneous input data. The core work is the computational tool named Justine, which represents the balance system, ensuring consistency of values for the standalone and aggregated data, in terms of their composition and distribution in intended area and time. Development of the tool was motivated by the need to predict the production and composition of various types of waste. The application of the concept is shown in three case studies, focusing on the prognosis of hazardous waste, the forecast of production and composition of municipal solid waste and components of separated waste collection, and estimation of the waste with waste-to-energy potential, all in the Czech Republic. The outputs of the tool represent valuable inputs for the related optimization supply chain models, which are used e.g. for the design of new waste-to-energy facilities.
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Combined heat and power production planning in a waste-to-energy plant using machine learning
Kollmann, Marek ; Miklas, Václav (referee) ; Touš, Michal (advisor)
V rámci tohoto výzkumu bylo použito strojové učení k optimalizaci plánování výroby na den dopředu zařízení na energetické zpracování odpadu (Waste-to-Energy, WtE), které se potýká s problémy, jako jsou nekvalitní data, nekontrolovatelná externí spotřeba a kolísající výroba páry v důsledku použití odpadu jako zdroje paliva. Hlavním cílem bylo předpovídat s vysokou přesností výkon přenášený do sítě, čehož bylo dosaženo vytvořením komplexního modelu sestávajícího ze sedmi dílčích kaskádovitě uspořádaných modelů. Každý dílčí model byl kriticky vyhodnocen pomocí standardních ukazatelů, jako je R2 a průměrná absolutní chyba. Zjištění odhalila významné zlepšení přesnosti předpovědí, což vedlo k vyváženějším výrobním plánům a snížení provozních penále. Tento přístup vedl k odhadovanému ročnímu zvýšení dodaného výkonu o 13 % a zisku o 2,6 milionu Kč pro konkrétní závod.
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Regional waste-to-energy systems
Krňávek, Martin ; Jelemenský, Karol (referee) ; Jegla, Zdeněk (referee) ; Stehlík, Petr (advisor)
The doctoral thesis deals with regional energy utilization of municipal waste, sewage sludge and hazardous medical waste. In the first part of the thesis, the conditions under which waste-to-energy plants can be effectively integrated into regional energy supply system are assessed. In this introductory part, the current energy situation, legislation as well as waste in the Czech Republic are analyzed. Furthermore, the possibilities of integration at different levels in relation to the WtE plant and the complex waste management concept are described. In the next part of the thesis, the possibilities of long-term and short-term energy accumulation for the WtE plant are assessed. From the point of view of short-term energy accumulation, warm water, hot water and steam accumulators are assessed and from the point of view of long-term energy accumulation, the storage of plastic and bulky waste and sewage sludge is analyzed. The created techno-economic models of modern technologies for energy utilization of municipal waste, sewage sludge and hazardous medical waste are described in the main part of the thesis. In the last part of the thesis, the proposed techno-economic models are applied to the conditions of the specific region, and the effectiveness of tailor-made solutions respecting the 3E (environmental protection, energy situation and economic aspects) is demonstrated on this example.
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Operational Research in Waste Management: Task Reduction Techniques
Janošťák, František ; Máša, Vítězslav (referee) ; Šenkeřík, Roman (referee) ; Pavlas, Martin (advisor)
The dissertation thesis focuses on reducing the computational complexity of selected modeling tasks in waste management. Two types of optimization tasks are presented here. First, attention is focuses on transport tasks. Current computational tools approach transport tasks with greatly simplified models of transportation costs. The thesis presents a more accurate model of transportation costs and describes its implementation into the long-term successfully used unique tool NERUDA. The improved tool provides more accurate results, however, requires more computational time. The work describes cases where the original tool provides results comparable to the improved one and suggests the methodology of how to identify, even before the calculation, whether the use of optimized models is necessary. The work continues in the area of scenario approaches, which output a significant amount of transport task results. Analysis of the results and their processing is key for further use in practice. The currently used tool works with future development scenarios where one result is calculated for each scenario. In many cases, the results are very similar, but their quantity hinders the following analysis The thesis describes an approach based on cluster analysis, which groups the results into categories and thereby significantly aids their processing and interpretation. The second type of tasks is represented by the optimization of the conceptual design of a waste-to-energy plant and a heating plant cooperation. In general, this is a stochastic mixed integer non-linear programming problem. The work presents an innovative approach, which, based on the decomposition of the task and its parallel solution, allows working with higher accuracy without a significant increase in computing time.
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Refuse Derived Fuel
Exnerová, Anežka ; Kalivodová, Markéta (referee) ; Lachman, Jakub (advisor)
This bachelor’s thesis deals with the Waste-to-Energy topic focusing on refuse derived fuels. The aim of the first part is to describe what refuse derived fuels are, what are their properties and composition. From this point of view, we determine a comparison with municipal solid waste. Second part is about production process. Possible parameters of refuse derived fuels and the technological process of mechanical-biological treatment are presented here. Following part is focused on fuel combustion. This chapter lists combustion plants and emissions from the incineration of waste and refuse derived fuel.
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