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Vývoj příjmových nerovností v zemích V4
Borzov, Mikhail
Bc. Borzov, M., Income Inequality Development in V4 Countries. Bachelor's thesis. Brno: Mendel University in Brno, 2023. The bachelor's thesis titled "Income Inequality Development in V4 Countries" deals with the identification of relevant factors that affect the development of income inequality in individual countries of the Visegrad Group during the period of 2004-2020. The theoretical part of the thesis provides an up-to-date overview of studies dealing with income inequality issues. This part of the thesis analyzes theoretical concepts and various approaches currently used to explain income inequality. The empirical part of the thesis focuses on conducting a correlation and regression analysis to identify specific factors that influence income inequality. The results of the regression analysis show that among the significant factors are unemployment, globalization, industrial structure, its added value, and other factors. These results suggest that changes in these factors may have a significant impact on income inequality in V4 countries.
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The impact of unemployment on economic development in the Visegrad group (V4) countries
Phan, Sreypech
This study has attempted to scrutinize the impact of unemployment on economic development in the Visegrad (V4) countries comprising the Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland, and Slovakia, using time series data obtained from the World Development Indicators over a 29-year period from 1993 to 2021. This study has employed the Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) technique for empirical investigation. GDP growth rate is a dependent variable employed as a proxy for economic development. In the present study, the explanatory variables are unemployment, inflation, and the labor force. The empirical findings indicate that the long-term relationship between economic growth and various independent variables differs significantly across four countries. In the Czech Republic, inflation and unemployment negatively affect economic growth in the long run. In Hungary, unemployment has a strong negative impact on economic growth, while the effect of inflation and the labor force on GDP is uncertain. In Poland, the labor force has a positive impact on GDP, while unemployment has a negative impact. In Slovakia, only the labor force has a negative impact on GDP in the long run. In the short run, the study found that unemployment had a significant negative impact on GDP in all four countries, while labor force and inflation had significant positive and negative effects, respectively, only in the Czech Republic and Poland. Additionally, the lagged values of unemployment had significant effects on current GDP in the Czech Republic, Poland, and Slovakia. The findings suggest that unemployment is an important determinant of economic growth in the short term in all four countries, while the impact of labor force and inflation on GDP is less clear, as they only have significant effects in some countries. The study provides insights into the determinants of economic growth in four Central European countries and highlights the importance of the unemployment rate as a short-term determinant of economic growth in all four countries. The study's findings suggest that policymakers in these countries should prioritize policies aimed at reducing unemployment to promote economic growth. Additionally, the study's findings can be valuable to researchers and policymakers seeking to understand the economic dynamics of Central European countries and design effective policies to promote economic growth.
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Ekonomická úroveň krajín V4
Stejskalová, Charlotte
The bachelor thesis is devoted to comparing the economic level of the Visegrad Four countries using selected economic and socio-economic indicators. This thesis defines the economic level of the states based on the complex Human Development Index. In the statistical analysis of time series of the selected indicators, the reactions of individual states to changes in the external environment are compared. The events to which countries reacted to the greatest extent were the entry into the European Union, the economic crisis and the COVID-19 pandemic. Using regression analysis, countries are compared based on the size of the impact of economic and social aspects.
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Odvody sociálního pojištění OSVČ v zemích V4 ve vazbě na důchodové aspekty
Čalkovská, Helena
The diploma theses focuses on comparison of the tax burden of employees and self-employed persons in the Visegrad Four countries. For each of these countries, the health system, social security, personal income taxation and pension system is described. The findings of the theoretical part are then compared, with particular emphasis on social insurance contributions. Based on the theoretical background, model examples were constructed, showing the tax burden on the two groups enlisted, in all studied countries. Furthermore, a model calculation of the old-age pension has been developed for Czech taxpayers. The results clearly show the unfairness of the tax burden on the studied groups and the related problem of the current pension system. The conclusion provides multiple sets of recommendations, one for a more equitable setting of contributions for the self-employed improving sustainability of the pension system, another for the system itself.
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Finanční gramotnost na základních školách
Klán, Vojtěch
The present bachelor thesis deals with the study of financial literacy among secondary school students in the Visegrad Four countries. Firstly, an analysis of domestic and foreign sources of the issue has been carried out, summarizing the individual curricula of the selected countries and defining the basic concepts. Based on the findings, an online questionnaire was compiled and sent to selected schools in each country. The questionnaire is composed of 20 questions representing the different issue areas and was translated into the official language for the countries. A content analysis of the strategic documents was also carried out. The data obtained was then statistically evaluated in the attached graphs. The conclusion of the paper is devoted to the results and possibilities to raise the level of financial literacy. It was found that the pupils' knowledge of financial services is not in line with the national curricula. Finally, several recommendations are presented to deepen knowledge and make learning more effective.
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Zhodnocení ekonomické efektivnosti investic do fotovoltaických systémů
Vaverová, Tereza
This thesis focuses on the economic effectivity of photovoltaic investment for family houses, and it describes the development of the financial support in the Visegrad group with detailed focus on the Czech Republic. Next, the thesis analyses the characteristics of individual photovoltaic systems and further it focuses on the definition and examination of motivation of the subjects investing in these energy sources. For the analysis of the economic effectivity of such investments, this thesis utilizes methods of discounted payback period, internal rate of return and other associated methods. Based on the value of these indexes the thesis analyses the economic rentability and attractivity of photovoltaic systems in individual member countries in the Visagrad group and especially in the Czech Republic.
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The Political and Economic Influence of the 16+1 Initiative on CEE Countries: Focus on Visegrad Group
Wang, Ziyi ; Semerák, Vilém (advisor) ; Akdogan, Idil (referee) ; Paulus, Michal (referee)
This investigates the political and economic influence of the 16+1 Initiative on Central Eastern Europe countries, particularly on the Visegrad Group countries. In the recent decade, this initiative, which serves as an economic framework between CEE countries and China, has garnered significant interest in academia and within the policy dimension due to its probable economic and political implications in the region. This study, therefore, investigates the multifaceted nature and impact of the 16+1 initiative by analysing the economic influence on FDI inflows and bilateral trade between the Visegrad Group countries and China. It also delves into the political influence of the initiative in the region. To accomplish these objectives, this study conducts an econometric and comparative analysis of the existing FDI and trade flows data from the Eurostat database, World Bank Databases, academic journals and publications databases, and the United Nations Comrade Database. Two models are developed to aid the econometric data analysis: the fixed-effect panel model and the gravity model for trade flow. The findings of this study reveal a statistically significant positive influence of the Initiative on FDI inflows to the CEE countries (Visegrad Group) from China, highlighting that participation in the initiative is...
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The Impact of Family Policies on Fertility in the Visegrád Group
Gajdušková, Karolína ; Pleticha, Petr (advisor) ; Votápková, Jana (referee)
This thesis examines the effectiveness of family policies implemented in the Visegrad Group (V4) countries after the fall of communism in 1989 and their impact on the total fertility rate. While previous studies on this topic usually focused on one country or a larger group of countries, this thesis provides a comparative approach that enables a more interpretable comparison of policy effects. We analyzed the effects of seven family policies on fertility in the given countries. We chose the synthetic control method that simulated the evolution of the total fertility rate if the given policy had not been introduced. As a control group, we chose countries that are members of both the EU and the OECD. The findings highlight the diverse outcomes of family policies within the V4 Group. While the Czech Republic was successful in boosting fertility through effective allocation of public finances, Hungary's generous investment in family policies provided relatively limited results. For a long period, Poland did not invest in families much, which has changed in recent years and affected fertility positively, yet only a short-term impact is present. Despite allocating fewer resources, Slovakia has managed to maintain a stable total fertility rate. In summary, the impacts of family policies on fertility vary across...
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Effectiveness Of Public Procurement In The Czech Republic
SMUTNÍKOVÁ, Kristýna
This diploma thesis deals with the topic of the public procurement effectiveness in the Czech republic. Main goal of this thesis is to determine the effectiveness by using selected indicators such as transparency indicator, potential risk indicator, administrative capacity indicator. From indices of mentioned indicators, the arithmetic average score was calculated, which implicate index of good procurement. According to the final index is efficiency assessed within the comparison among states in Visegrad Group. To determine the results, a detailed analysis and visualization of data was used in PowerBI program which offers business intelligence functionality. At the very end of this thesis, conclusion and specific steps are formulated. These steps could increase the effectiveness of public procurement in the Czech republic.
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Economic growth and labour productivity in the Visegrad Group countries
VELECKÝ, Šimon
The thesis deals with the examination of economic growth and labour productivity in the countries of the Visegrad Group, specifically in the Czech Republic, Slovakia, Poland and Hungary, between 2008 and 2019. Part of the work is also a survey of economic growth and labour productivity of the EU 27 and EU 15 average. At first the thesis explains the theoretical basis concerning to the issue of economic growth, productivity and labour productivity. These findings are then used in the survey. The survey is consisted of four - five -analyses: analysis of economic growth, analysis of labour productivity, analysis of real unit labour costs, analysis of capital labour ratio and regression analysis. Analyses are presented by graphs and tables and use data from the statistical office of the European Union - Eurostat. The findings are subsequently evaluated and compared between the countries. To conclude the links between labour productivity and economic growth, capital labour ratio and the real unit labour costs are examined. This analysis is created using the STATISTICA program. The results of the thesis then point to the economic situation and differences of individual countries of the Visegrad group, EU 27 and EU 15 and compare them with each other.
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