|
| |
|
|
Artificial intelligence with regards to relations among mind, body and machine
Farská, Kateřina ; Sigmund, Tomáš (advisor) ; Brixí, Radim (referee)
This thesis is dealing with relation between man and machine in terms of mind, life and body with regards to artificial intelligence. The first part of the work focuses on explanation of the historical preconditions for the emergence of artificial intelligence. A very important milestone can be found in separation of mind and body in Descartes' dualistic approach. Cartesian dualism highlighted the mind-body problem, which even nowadays is being inflected in connections with artificial intelligence. Newtonian mechanics, which is built on the Descartes' thoughts, applied the idea of the world as a mechanical machine which ultimately led to the fact that the human body began to be understood as a machine. This creates space for thoughts about constructing an artificial being -- thinking machine. Artificial intelligence is being confronted with the relationship between man and machine. In the second part of the work an analysis of the differences and congruencies between these two entities will be made -- with regards to the concepts such as machine, life, natural, artificial, mental state, mind, consciousness, body. The findings will be compared and the nature of the relationship between man and machine will be carried out accordingly to them. The last part of the work will investigate how the findings of the relationship between man and machine, mind and body are being applied in different approaches of artificial intelligence. Particularly, a detailed analysis of computer functionalism will be made. This traditional concept of artificial intelligence is based on the assumption of algorithmical nature of mind that can be modeled using symbolic representations. The analysis will be complemented by alternative approaches in artificial intelligence -- connectionism and enaction-based artificial intelligence. All the three approaches will be evaluated accordingly to the findings made in the previous part of the work. The purpose of this work is to highlight the importance of the relationship between man and machine, mind and body with regards to artificial intelligence and the further development and direction of this discipline. The work will track the line of Cartesian-Newtonian thinking in the context of the issue. The potentialities and limitations of this paradigm, dualistic and materialistic (mechanistic) approach will be pointed out. In this work, the method of summarization and compilation, based on presenting the relevant information and explanation of their relations and context, was chosen.
|
|
|
Meaning of cognitive processes for creating artificial intelligence
Smutný, Zdeněk ; Pstružina, Karel (advisor) ; Kelemen, Jozef (referee)
This diploma thesis brings an integral view at cognitive processes connected with artificial intelligence systems, and makes a comparison with the processes observed in nature, including human being. A historical background helps us to look at the whole issue from a certain point of view. The main axis of interest comes after the historical overview and includes the following: environment -- stimulations -- processing -- reflection in the cognitive system -- reaction to stimulation; I balance the approach and the limited potential of the human being against the machine (or artificial intelligence). In the last part, there are introduced two projects that have been already implemented in the inteligent transport systems, and their potential for the further expansion and development is shown here. The main emphasis is placed on the coherence between each part of this thesis and cognitive processes, and on the relation and the mutual dependence of these processes.
|
|
|
Artificial intelligence
Duda, Antonín ; Jirků, Petr (advisor) ; Berka, Petr (referee)
Abstract : Issue of this work is to acquaint the reader with the history of artificial inteligence, esspecialy branch of chess computing. Main attention is given to progress from fifties to the present. The work also deals with fighting chess programs against each other, and against human opponents. The greatest attention is focused on 1997 and duel Garry Kasparov against chess program Deep Blue. The work is divided into chapters according to chronological order.
|
|
|
Analysis of Stock Exchange Data to UI Methods
Kutina, Michal ; Jelínek, Jiří (advisor) ; Dvořák, Pavel (referee)
The graduation thesis "Analysis of stock-exchange data using AI methods" is focused on the use of neural networks while predicating the exchange-rate movements on Change. The theoretical part is divided into three independent units. The Change matters and the related individual terms are described in the first part. In the second part, the two basic approaches to the stock-exchange data analysis are analyzed, these two approaches being the fundamental and technical analysis. The third, and the last, theoretical part forms an individual unit describing the Artificial Intelligence theory. Particularly the issue of the neuronal networks is described in detail. The practical part seeks the use for the chosen neuronal network GAME. It analyses the chosen YMZ9 market. It focuses on the prediction of the exchange-rate movements using the "sliding window" method. The last chapter summarizes the results and it proves that under certain circumstances it is possible to properly use the neuronal networks both for the prediction of the stock-exchange movements and as one of the corner-stones of the profitable trading system.
|
|
|
Natural and Artificial Life
Noska, Martin ; Pavlík, Ján (advisor) ; Petrášek, František (referee)
This thesis is about similarities and differences between natural and artificial life. It examines how a combination of insight from the disciplines of computer science and philosophy can be used to address this issue. By applying the principles of evolution to artificial life, the paper shows the perspectives of this life form and its implications for mankind. Human history contains many attempts at constructing artificial creatures; however, this dream only became reality with the advent of digital computers. Although artificial life is built on different principles than natural life, is better to view both as complementary rather than as opposites. It is possible to speculate on symbiosis between artificial and natural elements and on the formation of hybrid life forms that combine features from both worlds. Artificial life is not dependent on biological cycles and its evolution can proceed much faster. It has the potential to overcome the necessity of death, which is characteristic of all biological entities. If we compare the intelligence of machines to that of natural organisms, it is possible to identify the differences between them. Machine intelligence has the potential to create artificial collective intelligence through computer networks that exceed the level of separate entities. Simple forms of artificial life, identifiable at present, will evolve in coming decades and raise a number of unsolved questions (i.e. ethical concerns). These issues are and will remain current.
|
|
|
History and Development of Artificial Inteligence
Kraitz, Petr ; Jirků, Petr (advisor) ; Berka, Petr (referee)
This work describes relatively short history of the field of Artificial Intelligence. It contains main obstacles and challenges, which scientists in the past and present solved and still have to solve, as well as a description of methods how to deal with those challenges and which possibilities are there for the future development of the field. The main focus of the work was not to present a full picture of the field of Artificial Intelligence, but to introduce this interesting field, its founders and nowadays scientists, main problems and related disciplines of science. The work is divided into chapters describing the history of the field artificial intelligence in the last century and related fields of informatics, biology, psychology, economy and hardware technology. Next chapter presents to the reader the main problems of the field, which were and still are being solved in the top research and development laboratories in the world. Next two chapters introduce two approaches to dealing with said problems, namely neural networks and evolutional algorithms and expert systems as an example of the oldest application of Artificial Intelligence in "Good Old-fashioned Artificial Intelligence" way as defined by John Haugeland. The last chapter is just an outline how the next few years in the filed may look like and what can we await in the next years.
|
|
|
History of Artificial Intelligence - Neural Networks
Šuchman, Ondřej ; Jirků, Petr (advisor) ; Berka, Petr (referee)
The main aim of my bachelor thesis is to map historical development of neural networks from the beginning (first mathematical model of neuron from 1943) to present and application of neural networks to "intelligent" devices, which can recognize the patterns, graphical data or convert English written text to the oral form (NETtalk). I have carefully studied the literature named in the chapter "Literatura a zdroje" in order to achieve this aim. In the first charter there is the theoretical survey about the field of artificial intelligence and neural networks. Then the thesis is well-arranged to five periods, which were important for neural networks in either good or bad way. To the most important discoveries are dedicated more space and there is mentioned their functionality and using possibilities. There is not enough space on this thesis to cover all the neural networks ever made. The aim of the thesis is to demostrate certain kinds of networks, their first usage, the most important algorithms and also to mention the significant applications of neural networks.
|
|
|
Knowledge Representation
Blecher, Jan ; Jirků, Petr (advisor) ; Berka, Petr (referee)
Tato práce se snaží priblížit jednotlivé metody reprezentace znalostí v umelé inteligenci s durazem na obecný prehled a rozdíly mezi jednotlivými metodami. V textu jsou rozebrána schémata reprezentace znalostí, mezi která patrí predikátová logika, produkcní systémy, sémantické síte a rámce. U každého schématu jsou uvedeny jeho charakteristické vlastnosti a nekteré typické metody. Z textu je zrejmé, že opravdu neexistuje žádná univerzální metoda reprezentace znalostí, ale naopak, že jednotlivé metody jsou vhodné pro konkrétní situace reálného sveta. Nekteré oblasti znalostí dokonce nejsou klasickými schématickými metodami, které uvádím v tomto textu, reprezentovatelné vubec nebo jen velmi težko. Práce je rozdelena dle jednotlivých metod reprezentace, které jsou dále strukturovány s ohledem na postupy v nich používané.
|
|
|
Webový průvodce světem expertních systémů
Faruzel, Petr ; Berka, Petr (advisor) ; Svátek, Vojtěch (referee)
Předkládaná práce "Webový průvodce světem expertních systémů" se zabývá expertními systémy. Cílem této práce je vytvořit učební pomůcku pro zájemce o problematiku expertních systémů, která by primárně sloužila studentům kurzu 4IZ229 (Úvod do umělé inteligence) k ucelení jejich poznatků. Jejím úkolem je osvětlit čtenáři pojem expertní systém, přiblížit základní principy těchto aplikací, nastínit proces jejich tvorby a poskytnout tak ucelený přehled o expertních systémech včetně jejich zhodnocení. Jak již z názvu práce vyplývá, vytvořená učební pomůcka je zpřístupněna formou webové prezentace v síti internet. Webový průvodce obohatí celou práci o výhody interaktivního přístupu a zaslouží se o zvýšení její dostupnosti. Vedle rozboru základních principů expertních systémů a názorných ukázek situací na konkrétních příkladech obsahuje rovněž množství odkazů na další zdroje v síti internet týkající se expertních systémů. Obecným přínosem této práce je kromě tvorby samotné učební pomůcky a zmapování problematiky expertních systémů rovněž i demonstrace uvedených poznatků prostřednictvím jednoduchého expertního systému. V úvodní části své studie popisuji umělou inteligenci, přibližuji její definici, zabývám se stavovým prostorem a skrze stručný historický přehled se dostávám k expertním systémům. Dále vysvětluji expertní systém, jeho strukturu, základní charakteristiky, typy expertních úloh a typologii expertních systémů. Následuje rozbor jejich základních principů, v němž se zabývám zejména otázkou reprezentace znalostí, inference a neurčitosti. Závěrečná část práce je věnována procesu tvorby expertních systémů, především pak tvorbě vlastní aplikace. Jedná se o bázi znalostí zpřístupněnou prostřednictvím webové služby ES NEST v síti internet. Tento jednoduchý expertní systém zabývající se výběrem studijního oboru na Vysoké škole ekonomické v Praze poslouží jednak k názorné demonstraci uvedených poznatků, jednak ke zhodnocení potencionálních výhod a nevýhod expertních systémů.
|
guest ::
