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Preparation and characterization of biomaterials with natural UV filtres
Pavelková, Renata ; Čarnecká, Martina (referee) ; Márová, Ivana (advisor)
This presented diploma thesis is focuses on preparation and characterization of biomaterials with natural UV filters. The theoretical part is aimed at effects of sunlight on the skin and how to avoid these effects by using cosmetic products. The materials and methods for extraction of lipid part of the selected vegetable and microorganism species and methods for preparation and characterization of nanoparticles and emulsions were characterized. The practical part deals with extraction of lipid part of selected vegetable and microorganism species. The liposome particles with encapsulated active compounds were prepared. The particle size, polydispersity index, colloidal stability, encapsulation efficiency, SPF, antioxidant capacity, phospholipid content and cytotoxic effect on human keratinocytes were observed. These particles were used for preparation of the resulting emulsions. Their protection level on UV light were set and stability were tested by using analytical centrifugation.
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Application of nanoparticles and nanofibers with active compound in cosmetics
Pavelková, Renata ; Obruča, Stanislav (referee) ; Márová, Ivana (advisor)
Presented bachelor thesis is focused on application of nanoparticles and nanofibers with active compound in cosmetics. The theoretical part is aimed at effect of UV radiation on the skin and compounds that are used in photo protection of the skin. The materials and methods used in nanoparticle and nanofiber preparing were characterized. The experimental part deals with preparing of liposomes and marinosomes with active compound. Particles size, stability measured using zeta potential and stability in model environment were observed. Finally, pilot experiments of optimization of nanofibers preparation using electrospinning were carried out.
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Optical properties of protective emulsions
Valasová, Denisa ; Veselý, Michal (referee) ; Zmeškal, Oldřich (advisor)
This bachelor´s thesis is aimed to the study of optical properties of protective commercially available emulsions. Chosen emulsions should be responsible for sun protection. They also may be used in cosmetic industry. In the beginning of the thesis, there are defined theoretical features of emulsions and their interaction with UV radiation. Methods which are used to describe optical properties could be found in this section too. The optical properties were measured in thin layer films, in order to simulate emulsions applied on the human skin. UV-VIS spectrophotometry was mainly used to study the optical properties. The obtained results could serve, purely hypothetically, like sun protective tests of chosen emulsions.
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Monitoring reakce raků na různé podněty: jsou raci dobrými bioindikátory?
MALINOVSKA, Viktoriia
Freshwater crayfish play a vital role in food webs and energy transfer between trophic levels, often acting as keystone species. Crayfish are prime species among invertebrates, considering their large size, abundance, and biodiversity. Crayfish belong to common model organisms in scientific research and have been used as bioindicators of water quality in laboratory and field studies. Freshwater crayfish are at direct risk while facing polluted aquatic environments, as many chemicals enter natural waters throughout the year. Studies have been shown that crayfish exhibit a variety of behavioral and physiological alterations in response to anthropogenic contaminants. In Chapter 2, we aimed to assess the cardiac and locomotor responses of crayfish Pacifastacus leniusculus to short-term pulse exposure to environmentally relevant concentrations of three pesticides (metazachlor, terbuthylazine, and thiacloprid). A significant increase in heart rate and distance moved was observed in metazachlor-exposed specimens compared to controls. We did not detect significant changes in crayfish cardiac and locomotor activity in terbuthylazine and thiacloprid groups. Most crayfish in these groups did not exhibit locomotor response, so they might not be stimulated to escape a contaminated area. This may lead to continuous exposure to environmental chemicals that are potentially harmful. In Chapter 3, we investigated the effects of UV filters Benzoyl-4-hydroxy-2-methoxybenzenesulfonic acid (BP4) and 2-Phenylbenzimidazole-5-sulfonic acid (PBSA) on crayfish during 30 min exposure period. Specimens exposed to the tested compounds moved greater distances and spent more time in locomotion. Increased heart rate was also detected in treated groups. Such behavioral and physiological alterations of crayfish detected in both studies can potentially impair crayfish ability to respond to predators, and consequently affect abundance and the functional properties of macroinvertebrate communities. Along with use of crayfish in laboratory and field experiments, there is also an option to conduct case study with crayfish acting as bioindicators. We evaluated crayfish physiological responses to water disinfected with chlorine dioxide in long-term monitoring under operating conditions in local brewery (Chapter 4). The disruption of cardiac rhythmicity was detected with chaotic increases and decreases of heart rate regardless of the time of day. In natural environment, heart rate of crayfish is higher during night time considering nocturnal activity of these decapods. Nocturnalism is important adaptation for crayfish, and its impairment can lead to certain risks related to increased visibility to predators and alterations in foraging. Our results indicated that crayfish exhibit a cardiac and locomotor responses when shortly exposed to commonly used herbicide metazachlor and two widely applied UV filters BP4 and PBSA, suggesting that crayfish can potentially detect the appearance of these aquatic contaminants in water. The usefulness of crayfish in long-term monitoring of water quality have also been demonstrated. These findings expand our understanding of using crayfish as bioindicators in scientific research. In conclusion, this thesis provides the data from laboratory and case studies focusing on measurements of cardiac and locomotor endpoints in crayfish. Given that crayfish is at the base of the food chain in freshwater environments, it is of great importance to study the effects of different stimuli on such keystone species. Understanding further biological impacts of aquatic pollutants on freshwater crayfish and other non-target taxa will benefit our knowledge of threats to functional compositional changes in populations and communities.
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Zjišťování potenciálu chemických látek používaných k ochraně proti ultrafialovému záření (UV filtrů) způsobovat anti-progestagenní aktivitu ve vodním prostředí
SMĚŠNÁ, Tereza
The substances used for protection against UV radiation (UV filters) are widely used in industry and also in personal care products. It has been reported from many countries around the world that they enter the aquatic environment. The presence of UV filters in surface waters can pose a risk to aquatic organisms. The aim of this thesis was to test a range of substances from the group of UV filters for anti-progestagenic activity, detect this activity in the aquatic environment, detect UV filters in the aquatic environment, and based on this information, evaluate the potential of organic UV filters to cause anti-progestagenic activity in the aquatic environment. In this thesis, 20 organic UV filters were tested with in vitro bioassay anti-PR-CALUX. In this bioassay cells were exposed to pure substances (UV filters) and reference substance mifepristone. Samples were taken by grab (active) sampling from wastewater treatment plant in Tábor and from surface waters (outdoor swimming pools and Lužnice River). Samples were extracted using solid phase extraction. These extracts from waste and surface waters were tested for progestagenic and anti-progestagenic activity with the (anti-)PR-CALUX bioassay and the concentrations of UV filters were measured using mass spectrometry in the extracts. Samples were also tested for cytotoxicity with the resazurin reduction assay. Nine organic UV filters have shown anti-progestagenic activity, but compared to the reference substance, the activities exhibited by UV filters were several orders of magnitude lower. Ethylhexyl methoxycinnamate, benzophenone-3, and octocrylene were the most potent anti-progestagens. Progestagenic activity was not found at any of the sites. Anti-progestagenic activity was found in 60% of the environmental extracts, and the concentrations ranged from 2.6 to 4.5 ng/L equivalents of mifepristone. Anti-progestagenic activity was detected in the influent of wastewater into the treatment plant, in the recipient of the Lužnice River, and in ponds used for fish farming and also as outdoor swimming pools, namely the Podroužek and Štilec ponds. Thirteen organic UV filters were identified by chemical analysis at the tested sites. The UV filters octocrylene and ethylhexyl methoxycinnamate were found in the highest concentrations, these two UV filters contributed the most to the overall anti-progestagenic activity. At the wastewater treatment plant influent, UV filters contributed 49% to the total anti-progestagenic activity. In the recipient of the Lužnice River and outdoor swimming pools, the contribution of UV filters to this activity was very small, which means that this activity in surface waters will be caused by the occurrence of other substances than in wastewater. In ponds, it can be assumed that wastewater treatment plants will not be the source of these substances. Further research should be aimed at detecting the impact of the occurrence of organic UV filters in the aquatic environment on organisms, but also at identifying substances causing anti-progestagenic activity in the aquatic environment.
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Endocrine disruptors in consumer goods
Pařízková, Alžběta ; Šuta, Miroslav (advisor) ; Cajthaml, Tomáš (referee)
The Thesis focuses on the group of specific organic compounds with a potential risk of their endocrine disruptive effect, and appearing as UV filters in various cosmetic products. An extended list of such products was created on the basis of search in drugstores, pharmacies and perfume shops. The products were further grouped as cosmetics for adults, children, and those declared as bio products. The source data collection counted 156 individual products, with origin in 40 drugstores, 20 pharmacies, and 10 perfume shops. The data collection sites were distributed in big cities, their suburb parts, shopping parks, and small towns on many places in the Czech Republic. The products were mostly sun protection creams, oils and emulsions, body creams and emulsions, lips balsams, and hair cosmetics. In these items an occurrence of 7 organic compounds (suspected endocrine disruptors) from the SIN List, used as parts of UV filters, was followed. The compounds of interest were: ethylhexyl methoxycinnamate; benzophenone-1, benzophenone-2, benzophenone-3; 4,4-dihydroxyphenone; 4-methylbenzylidene camphor; 3-benzylidene camphor. Alternative names, product brand names, chemical structures, CAS numbers etc. were also collected from various sources. Of this group only ethylhexyl methoxycinnamate and benzophenone-3...
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Preparation and characterization of biomaterials with natural UV filtres
Pavelková, Renata ; Čarnecká, Martina (referee) ; Márová, Ivana (advisor)
This presented diploma thesis is focuses on preparation and characterization of biomaterials with natural UV filters. The theoretical part is aimed at effects of sunlight on the skin and how to avoid these effects by using cosmetic products. The materials and methods for extraction of lipid part of the selected vegetable and microorganism species and methods for preparation and characterization of nanoparticles and emulsions were characterized. The practical part deals with extraction of lipid part of selected vegetable and microorganism species. The liposome particles with encapsulated active compounds were prepared. The particle size, polydispersity index, colloidal stability, encapsulation efficiency, SPF, antioxidant capacity, phospholipid content and cytotoxic effect on human keratinocytes were observed. These particles were used for preparation of the resulting emulsions. Their protection level on UV light were set and stability were tested by using analytical centrifugation.
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Application of nanoparticles and nanofibers with active compound in cosmetics
Pavelková, Renata ; Obruča, Stanislav (referee) ; Márová, Ivana (advisor)
Presented bachelor thesis is focused on application of nanoparticles and nanofibers with active compound in cosmetics. The theoretical part is aimed at effect of UV radiation on the skin and compounds that are used in photo protection of the skin. The materials and methods used in nanoparticle and nanofiber preparing were characterized. The experimental part deals with preparing of liposomes and marinosomes with active compound. Particles size, stability measured using zeta potential and stability in model environment were observed. Finally, pilot experiments of optimization of nanofibers preparation using electrospinning were carried out.
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Optical properties of protective emulsions
Valasová, Denisa ; Veselý, Michal (referee) ; Zmeškal, Oldřich (advisor)
This bachelor´s thesis is aimed to the study of optical properties of protective commercially available emulsions. Chosen emulsions should be responsible for sun protection. They also may be used in cosmetic industry. In the beginning of the thesis, there are defined theoretical features of emulsions and their interaction with UV radiation. Methods which are used to describe optical properties could be found in this section too. The optical properties were measured in thin layer films, in order to simulate emulsions applied on the human skin. UV-VIS spectrophotometry was mainly used to study the optical properties. The obtained results could serve, purely hypothetically, like sun protective tests of chosen emulsions.
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